過(guò)去完成時(shí)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結束,即過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。它由'had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構成。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法如下
1過(guò)去完成時(shí)常與by、 before等構成的介詞短語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。
By the end of last week, they had finished the work
到上周末為止,他們已經(jīng)完成了那項工作。
2.在“ It was the first/, second,… time that.”句型中,th從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
It was the first time that I had seen the film.這是我第一次看那部電影。
3.在' no sooner.than”、' hardly…when”句型中,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),意為一…就:剛……就
I had no sooner finished my homework than the light went out
我剛做完家庭作業(yè),燈就滅了
溫馨提示:若把句型中的 no sooner、 hardly提前放在句首,主句用部分倒裝
結構,即將助動(dòng)詞had提前。
No sooner had we arrived than we started singing and dancing
我們一到就開(kāi)始唱歌、跳舞。
4.過(guò)去完成時(shí)還可以表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現的愿望、計劃或打算。常用以下動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示: expect, hope、mean、 plan, wish, want intend等。
I had planned to buy a new book by Mo Yan, but I was too busy then
我本打算買(mǎi)一本莫言的新書(shū),但我當時(shí)太忙了。
5.在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),如果直接引語(yǔ)中是一般過(guò)去時(shí)或現在完時(shí),在間接引語(yǔ)中一般使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
Ann said, 'I didn't recognise you
安說(shuō):“我沒(méi)認出你來(lái)?!?/strong>
Ann said that she hadn't recognised me
安說(shuō)她沒(méi)認出我來(lái)。
過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般現在時(shí)的區別
雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),但在使用時(shí)應注意以下兩點(diǎn):
1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同,過(guò)去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強調“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”;而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強調過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較:
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
到昨天十點(diǎn)為止,他們已經(jīng)到達了車(chē)站。
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
他們在昨天十點(diǎn)的時(shí)候到達車(chē)站。
2. 在沒(méi)有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標志時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據上下文來(lái)判斷,先發(fā)生的用過(guò)去完成時(shí),后發(fā)生的則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
她很高興。她的全家對她也很滿(mǎn)意。她剛剛在作文比賽中得了第一。
習題練習
The volunteers ________ a lot of waste bottles on the beach by the end of the tourism festival.( )
A.will collect
B.have collected
C.was collecting
D.had collected
習題答案
解析:旅游節結束時(shí),志愿者們在海灘上收集了大量的廢瓶子.
根據句意'旅游節結束時(shí),志愿者們在海灘上收集了大量的廢瓶子.'以及句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by the end of the tourism festival 可知要用過(guò)去完成時(shí).A一般將來(lái)時(shí).B是現在完成時(shí).C是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí).D是過(guò)去完成時(shí).故選:D.
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