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高中英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句講解匯總 高考英語(yǔ)試題解析
  高中英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句講解匯總
  原因從句和結果/原因從句
  除了下面A2,A3中所示各種類(lèi)型外,這兩種從句均可由as或because來(lái)引導。但是用as引導原因從句較為穩妥(參見(jiàn)A);用because引導結果/原因從句較為穩妥(參見(jiàn)B)。
  A 原因從句
  1 由as/because/since 引導的原因從句:
  We camped there as/because/since it was too dark to go on.
  我們在那里露宿是因為天太黑,不能再繼續往前走了。
  As/Because/Since it was too dark to go on,we camped there.
  因為天太黑不能再繼續往前走,我們就在那兒露宿了。
  2 in view of the fact that可用as/since/seeing that來(lái)表示,但不能用because:
  As/Since/Seeing that you are here,you may as well give me a hand.
  既然你在這兒,你就幫我個(gè)忙吧。
  As/Since/Seeing that Tom knows French,he’d better do the talking.
  既然湯姆懂法語(yǔ),最好讓他來(lái)談。
  3 在as/since/seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陳述時(shí),可用if來(lái)代替:
  As/Since/Seeing that/If you don’t like Bill,why did you invite him?
  既然/如果你不喜歡比爾,你為什么邀請了他?
  注意:if so的用法:
  —I hope Bill won’t come.
  —If so(=If you hope he won’t come),why did you invite him?
  —我希望比爾別來(lái)。
  —如果這樣(=如果你希望他不來(lái)),你為什么邀請了他?
  關(guān)于if+so/not,參見(jiàn)第347節。
  B 結果從句(參見(jiàn)第339節)由because或as引導:
  The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit.
  保險絲燒斷了,因為我們使線(xiàn)路超載了。
  He was angry because we were late.
  他生氣是因為我們來(lái)晚了。
  As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day.
  因為那天晚上冷得厲害,所以第二天到處都是冰。
  As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards.
  因為這湯很咸,后來(lái)我們渴得厲害。
  C 這種組合也可用so連接兩個(gè)主句的形式來(lái)表示:
  It was too dark to go on,so we camped there.
  天太黑了,不能繼續往前走了,所以我們就在那兒露宿了。
  You are here,so you may as well give me a hand.
  你們既然在這兒,不如就幫我一下。
  It froze hard that night,so there was ice everywhere next day.
  那天夜里冷得厲害,所以第二天到處都是冰。
  也可以使用therefore,但只限用于非常正式的句子中:
  The Finnish delegate has not yet arrived.We are therefore postponing/ We have therefore decided to postpone/Therefore we are postponing the meeting.
  芬蘭代表還沒(méi)有到達。我們因此要把會(huì )議推遲/因此我們已決定把會(huì )議推遲/因此我們要把會(huì )議推遲。(注意therefore可以放在幾個(gè)不同的位置。)
  such/so…that引導的結果從句
  A such是形容詞,用于形容詞 名詞結構之前:
  They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house.
  他們有一條如此兇猛的狗,以致沒(méi)人敢靠近他們家。
  He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.
  他說(shuō)了這么長(cháng)時(shí)間,以致在座的人都犯困了。
  B so是副詞,用于副詞和不帶名詞的形容詞之前:
  The snow fell so fast that our footsteps were soon covered up.
  雪下得這么快,以致我們的腳印很快就被雪蓋住了。
  His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep.
  他的講話(huà)這么長(cháng),以致在座的人都開(kāi)始犯困了。
  Their dog was so fierce that no one dared come near it.
  他們的狗太兇猛了,所以沒(méi)人敢靠近它。
  但such不能用于much和many之前,所以so可用于后跟名詞的much和many之前:
  There was so much dust that we couldn’t see what was happening.
  灰塵太大了,使得我們看不清發(fā)生了什么事。
  So many people complained that they took the programme off.
  抱怨的人太多,所以他們取消了那個(gè)節目。
  C 注意:such+a+形容詞+名詞可由so+形容詞+a+名詞來(lái)代替,所以such a good man可由so good a man來(lái)代替。這只能在名詞前面有a/an的情況下使用。這種形式不常見(jiàn),但有時(shí)出現在文學(xué)作品中。
  有時(shí)為了表示強調,so位于句首。這時(shí)后面跟動(dòng)詞的倒裝形式(參見(jiàn)第45節):
  So terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off.
  暴風(fēng)真可怕,把整個(gè)的屋頂全都刮飛了。
  讓步從句
  它們由下列詞來(lái)引導:although,though(參見(jiàn)第327節與第329節),even though,even if,no matter,however(參見(jiàn)第85節)。有時(shí)也可以使用whatever。as也可以,但是只限于形容詞+as+be結構。
  Although/Though/Even though/Even if you don’t like him you can still be polite.
  盡管/即使/縱然/即使你不喜歡他,你仍可有禮貌一些。
  No matter what you do,don’t touch this switch.
  無(wú)論怎樣,都別碰這個(gè)按鈕。
  However rich people are,they always seem anxious to make more mon- ey.
  無(wú)論人們多么富有,他們似乎總還渴望賺到更多的錢(qián)。
  However carefully you drive,you will probably have an accident eventual- ly.
  無(wú)論你開(kāi)車(chē)多小心,最后你大概還會(huì )出車(chē)禍。
  Whatever you do,don’t tell him that I told you this.
  無(wú)論如何,別跟他說(shuō)這件事是我告訴你的。
  Patient as he was,he had no intention of waiting for three hours.
  哪怕他再有耐心,也不打算等上三個(gè)小時(shí)。
  may+動(dòng)詞原形可用于假設情況:
  However frightened you may be yourself,you must remain outwardly calm.
  無(wú)論你有多害怕,外表上你仍要保持冷靜。
  may含有I accept the fact that(我接受這一事實(shí))的意思:
  —But he’s your brother!
  —He may be my brother but I don’t trust him!
  —可他是你的兄弟!
  —盡管他是我的兄弟,可我不信任他!
  但may這樣用時(shí),是另一主句的一部分,并不屬于讓步從句之列。should+動(dòng)詞原形結構可用于even if之后,正如用于條件句的if之后一樣,用來(lái)表示should后面的動(dòng)詞原形所指的動(dòng)作不太可能發(fā)生:
  Even if he should find out he won’t do anything about it.
  即便他發(fā)現了,他也不會(huì )采取什么行動(dòng)的。
  比較從句
  A 形容詞和限定動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)的比較(另參見(jiàn)第20節至第22節):
  It’s darker today than it was yesterday.
  今天比昨天天色昏暗。
  He doesn’t pay as much tax as we do/as us.
  他沒(méi)我們交的稅款多。
  He spends more than he earns.
  他花的比掙的多。
  注意:that+形容詞是一種口語(yǔ)形式,表示“那么……”:
  —Will it cost£100?
  —No,it won’t cost as much as(all)that.It won’t be(all)that expen
 ?。?sive./It won’t be as expensive as that.
  —要花100英鎊嗎?
  —不,花不了那么多。沒(méi)那么貴。
  that+形容詞結構有時(shí)用于口語(yǔ)中表示very(很)的意思。
  B 副詞和限定動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)的比較(參見(jiàn)第31節至第34節):
  He didn’t play as well as we expected/as well as you(did).
  他打得不如我們預料的好/你打得好。
  He sings more loudly than anyone I’ve ever heard/than anyone else (does).
  他唱得比我聽(tīng)到的任何人唱得都響/比任何人都聲音響。
  You work harder than he does/than him/than I did at your age.
  你比他干得賣(mài)勁/我在你這個(gè)年齡時(shí)干得賣(mài)勁。
  C 形容詞和不定式或動(dòng)名詞連用時(shí)的比較:
  通常兩者都可使用,但動(dòng)詞不定式常常用于特定的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)名詞則用于一般情況(參見(jiàn)下面E):
  It’s sometimes as cheap to buy a new one as(it is)(to)repair the old one.
  Buying a new one is sometimes as cheap as repairing the old one.
  有時(shí)買(mǎi)一個(gè)新的跟修理舊的一樣便宜。
  He found that lying on the beach was just as boring as sitting in his office.
  He found lying on the beach just as boring as sitting etc.
  他發(fā)現躺在沙灘上和坐在辦公室里一樣沒(méi)趣/煩人。
  He thinks it(is)safer to drive himself than(to)let me drive.
  He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive.
  他認為自己開(kāi)車(chē)要比讓我開(kāi)車(chē)更安全些。
  It will soon be more difficult to get a visa than it is now.
  Getting a visa will soon be more difficult than it is now.
  不久之后,簽證會(huì )比現在更難拿到。
  D 上面C所述的這種比較句式中,如as/than前面用的是動(dòng)詞原形,則常在as/than后面用動(dòng)詞原形而不用動(dòng)名詞。與此相同,如as/than前面用的是動(dòng)名詞,則在其后面一般也使用動(dòng)名詞,而不用動(dòng)詞原形,見(jiàn)前面的例子。位于as/than之前的限定動(dòng)詞+this/that/which后面多跟動(dòng)名詞,雖也可跟動(dòng)詞不定式:
  I’ll deliver it by hand;this will be cheaper than posting it.
  我自己送過(guò)去,這樣比郵寄要便宜。
  He cleaned his shoes,which was better than doing nothing.
  他把自己的鞋擦了,這總比無(wú)事可做好。
  E 動(dòng)詞原形與would rather/sooner連用(參見(jiàn)第297與第298節):
  Most people would rather work than starve.
  多數人寧可工作也不愿挨餓。
  I would resign rather than accept him as a partner.
  我寧可辭職也不愿接受他為合伙人。
  時(shí)間從句
  A 時(shí)間從句由下列表示時(shí)間的連詞來(lái)引導:
  after immediately till/until
  as nosooner…than when
  as soon as since whenever
  before the sooner while
  hardly…when
  時(shí)間從句也可由the minute,the moment來(lái)引導。
  用when,as,while的例句,參見(jiàn)第331節至第333節。
  用before的例句,參見(jiàn)第195節B。
  B 請留意,時(shí)間從句中不用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或條件時(shí)態(tài)。
  1 如將下列將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)放入時(shí)間從句中,須將它變?yōu)橐话銜r(shí)態(tài)。
  一般將來(lái)時(shí):
  You’ll be back soon.I’ll stay till then.
  你會(huì )很快回來(lái),我一直等到那時(shí)。相當于:
  I’ll stay till you get back.
  我一直等到你回來(lái)。
  be going to形式:
  The parachutist is going to jump.Soon after he jumps his parachute will open.
  跳傘運動(dòng)員要往下跳。他剛跳之后不久,降落傘就會(huì )打開(kāi)。
  現在進(jìn)行時(shí)用做一般將來(lái)時(shí)和將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):
  He’s arriving/He’ll be arriving at six.
  他將在6點(diǎn)到。
  但是:
  When he arrives he’ll tell us all about the match.
  等他到了,他會(huì )好好給我們講講那場(chǎng)比賽。
  Before he arrives I’ll give the children their tea.
  在他來(lái)到之前,我會(huì )給孩子們吃茶點(diǎn)的。
  如進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示某一行動(dòng)在繼續,則其完全可以用在表示時(shí)間的從句中:
  Peter and John will be playing/are playing/are going to play tennis tonight.While they are playing(during this time)we’ll go to the beach.
  今晚彼得和約翰要去打網(wǎng)球。他們打球時(shí),我們將去海濱。
  2 在時(shí)間從句中,將來(lái)完成時(shí)變?yōu)楝F在完成時(shí),將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)楝F在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):
  I’ll have finished in the bathroom in a few minutes.
  我一會(huì )兒就用完浴室了。
  The moment/As soon as I have finished I’ll give you a call.
  我一完事兒,就給你打電話(huà)。
  3 在時(shí)間從句中,條件時(shí)態(tài)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí)態(tài):
  We knew that he would arrive/would be arriving about six.
  我們知道他將在六點(diǎn)鐘左右到。
  We knew that till he arrived nothing would be done.
  我們知道在他到來(lái)之前,什么都干不了。
  但是,如when引導的是一個(gè)名詞從句,后面可跟將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或條件時(shí)態(tài):
  He said,‘When will the train get in?’
  他說(shuō):“火車(chē)什么時(shí)候進(jìn)站?”相當于:
  He asked when the train would get in.
  他問(wèn)火車(chē)什么時(shí)候進(jìn)站。
  C since從句(參見(jiàn)第187與第188節)
  since從句后面常跟完成時(shí)態(tài)(另參見(jiàn)第188節):
  They’ve moved house twice since they got married./Since they gotmarried,they’ve moved house twice.
  他們結婚后已搬了兩次家。
  He said he’d lived in a tent since his house burnt down.
  他說(shuō)自從他的房屋被燒毀后,他就一直住在帳篷里。
  It’s ages since I sailed/have sailed a boat.
  我未駕駛帆船已有好多年了。
  I haven’t sailed a boat since I left college.
  自從我大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就沒(méi)再駕駛帆船了。
  D after從句
  after從句之后常跟完成時(shí)態(tài):
  After/When he had rung off I remembered…
  等他把電話(huà)掛斷了之后,我才想起……
  After/When you’ve finished with it,hang it up.
  你用完了之后,請把它掛起來(lái)。
  E hardly/scarcely… when,no sooner… than(另參見(jiàn)第45節):
  The performance had hardly begun when the lights went out.
  Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.
  演出剛開(kāi)始就停電了。
  這里可以用scarcely代替hardly,但不常見(jiàn)。
  He had no sooner drunk the coffee than he began to feel drowsy.
  No sooner had he drunk the coffee than he began to feel drowsy.
  他喝了咖啡沒(méi)多一會(huì )兒,就犯困了。
  He no sooner earns any money than he spends it.
  Immediately he earns any money he spends it.
  他錢(qián)一掙到手,就花光了。
  注意the sooner…the sooner的用法:
  The sooner we start,the sooner we’ll be there.
  我們動(dòng)身得越早,到那兒就越早。
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