為了使句子簡(jiǎn)潔明快，突出重點(diǎn)，英語(yǔ)常使用“省略句”。在使用省略句時(shí)只要不影響句意的表達，能省略的成份可以盡可能地省略?，F就近幾年高考考點(diǎn)總結如下：
一、 在含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復合句中的省略
在下列含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復合句中，若從句的主句是it或與主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且在謂語(yǔ)中含有be時(shí)，常省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be：由when，while，assoon as,once，whenever引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；if，unless引導的條件狀語(yǔ)從句；though，although，evenif，even though引導的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；as though，asif，as引導的方式狀語(yǔ)從句；because引導的原因狀語(yǔ)從句；wherever引導的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.
Drop in on me if (it is) possible.
歷年高考題：
1. When_______different cultures, we often pay attention onlyto the differences without noticing the many similarities.(2006浙江)
A. compared B. being compared
C. comparing D. having compared
2. When first_______to the market, these products enjoyedgreat success. (2004全國卷Ⅱ)
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
3. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_______at themeeting by my boss. (2004全國卷Ⅳ)
A. questioning B. having questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
4. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked asif_______whether he was going in the right direction.(2003安徽春)
A. seeing B. having seen
C. to have seen D. to see
5. Generally speaking, _______according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.(2003上海卷)
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken
6. When_______, the museum will be open to the public nextyear. (2002上海春)
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
7. Though_______money, his parents managed to send him touniversity. (2002上海)
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once_______nothing can bedone to change it. (2002全國)
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
9. When_______help, one often says “Thank you.” or“It’s kind of you”. (2005福建)
A. offering B. to offer
C. to be offered D. offered
Keys： 1. C。when之后省略了we are。2.B。when之后省略了they were。3. C。when之后省略了Iwas。4. D。as if之后省略了he was going。5.B。when之后省略了it is。6. A。when之后省略了it is。7.B。Though之后省略了they were。8. D。once之后省略了itis。9. D。when之后省略了one is。
二、 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的省略
在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that、which、whom可以省略；在以thesame
... as和such ...as引導的定語(yǔ)從句中，可以省略與主句相同的部分；theway后面的定語(yǔ)從句中，可以省略that或in which。
歷年高考題：
1. —You are always working. Come on, let’s goshopping.
—_______you ever want to do is going shopping.(2002北京)
A. Anything B. Something
C. All D. That
2. Is this the reason_______at the meeting for hiscarelessness in his work? (2002上海)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
3. What surprised me was not what he said but_______he saidit. (2004湖北)
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
4. It is easy to do the repair. _______you need is a hammerand some nails. (2004天津)
A. Something B. All
C. Both D. Everything
5. That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your fatherafter_______has done for you.(2004全國)
A. something B. anything
C. all D. that
Keys： 1. C。句意：你只知道去購物。2. A。heexplained前省略了that，其中that引導定語(yǔ)從句并作explain的賓語(yǔ)。3.A。the way 前省略了that或in which。4.B。All作need的賓語(yǔ)。5. C。all后省略了that。
三、 省略to與保留to的現象
?。?）在see，watch，hear，feel，observe，notice，listento等感官動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)及make，have，let等使役動(dòng)詞之后的“賓語(yǔ)+不定式作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)”結構中，不定式前不能加to。例如：
I watched him disappear in the distance.
歷年高考題：
In the dream Peter saw himself_______by a fierce wolf, and hewoke suddenly with a start. (2006上海春）
A. chased B. to be chased
C. be chased D. having been chased
簡(jiǎn)析： 答案是A。see sb.done“看到某人被……”，過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)的補足語(yǔ)。
?。?）有時(shí)為了避免重復，常省略與上文表達相同意思的不定式to之后的內容，而保留to。
不定式在tell，ask，advise，wish，permit，force等動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略，但要保留不定式符號to。
不定式在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容詞后面作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略，但要保留不定式符號to。例如：
—I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind lookingafter my cat?
—Not at all, I’d be happy to.
歷年高考題：
1. —Does your brother intend to study German?
—Yes, he intends_______. (1998上海)
A. / B. to C. soD. that
2. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with metonight?
—_______. (1999上海)
A. Yes, I’d like to go to the Grand Theatre
B. I’d like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C. No, I won’t
D. That’s right
3. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant_______, but when I was leaving, I couldn’t findher anywhere. (2000北京春招)
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to
Keys： 1. B。intend to后省略了study German。 2.B。I’d like to后省略了go to the Grand Theatre。 3.B。meant to后省略了have thanked her before I left。
四、 替代詞so / not的替代現象
替代詞so /not用于避免重復前面所說(shuō)過(guò)的內容。它可與動(dòng)詞believe,do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think等及I’m afraid連用。
肯定時(shí)：以上動(dòng)詞都可與so搭配；表示否定時(shí)： hope只用I hopenot.不說(shuō)I don’t hope so；think, believe,suppose等詞可有兩種否定形式，即：I think not.或Idon’t think so. 例如：
—Is he going to study abroad?
—I believe so. (so = he is going to study abroad.)
歷年高考題：
1. Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost._______, their political influence should be very great.(2006廣東)
A. As a result B. As usual
C. Even so D. So far
2. —You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?
—_______. I know it’s not easy to get another one at themoment. (2004江蘇)
A. I hope not B. Yes, I have
C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so
3. —The boys are not doing a good job at all,arethey?
—_______. (2003北京春季)
A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess
C. I don’t guess so D. I guess not
4. —I believe we’ve met somewhere before.
—No, _______. (2000北京春季)
A. it isn’t the same B. it can’t be true
C. I don’t think so D. I’d rather not
Keys： 1. C。Even so，即使這樣。2. A。根據it’snot easy to get another one at themoment可知說(shuō)話(huà)者很珍惜。3. C。I don’t guessso.相當于I don’t think so.。4. B。It can’t be true.這不可能是真的。
五、 在if引導的虛擬條件句中
在if引導的虛擬條件句中含有had，were，should時(shí)，可以把had，were，should放在句首且省略if。例如：
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visitto the Yangpu Bridge.
歷年高考題：
1. _______fired, your health care and other benefits will notbe immediately cut off. (2006湖北)
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
簡(jiǎn)析： 答案是B。從句可還原為：If you should befired，省略了if，故should前置。
2. _______for the free tickets, I would not have gone to thefilms so often. (1995上海)
A. If it is not B. Were
C. Had it not been D. If they were not
簡(jiǎn)析： 答案是C。從句可還原為：If it had notbeen，省略了if，故had前置。
【省略句強化訓練】
1. —I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. Whatshould I do?
—Don’t speak until_______.
A. speaking B. spoken to
C. spoken D. speaking to
2. —Why do you want the book so much?
—_______, sir.
A. Studying B. Studies
C. Studied D. To study
3. I wonder why you won’t do it as_______. Its the thirdtime you have done so.
A. told to B. be told
C. told you D. you told
4. The dying old man opened his mouth asif_______something.
A. to say B. saying
C. to have said D. was saying
5. This is an illness that can result in total blindnessif_______.
A. to leave untreating B. left untreated
C. leaving untreating D. is left untreated
6. —I didn’t do well in the last English test.How aboutyou?
—_______.
A. I’ll do better next time
B. I like English, though
C. A lot better
D. Even worse
7. —You seem to have lost your way. _______?
—I’m looking for Wangfujing Street.
A. What for B. Need help
C. Why so D. Where to
8. —Which would you like, chicken or fish?
—_______
A. I don’t think so. B. What if?
C. Both. D. Neither can I.
9. You may take them all home_______.
A. if possible B. if can
C. unless so D. even if you can
10. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’ttake medicine_______.
A. like directed B. to be directed
C. as directed D. so that directed
11. The man stopped from time to time_______whether he wasbeing followed.
A. as if foundB. as to find
C. as if to findD. when found
12. To tell the truth, I won’t go to theparty_______.
A. so as to invite B. even if invited
C. if inviting D. if invite
13. Water, _______enough, can change into vapourquickly.
A. when heated
B. heating
C. though to be heated
D. when is heated
答案與解析：
1.B。狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，其完整句子是Don’t speakuntil you are spoken to.
2. D。省略主句保留關(guān)鍵詞，其完整句子是：Iwant the book very much in order to study.
3. A。狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，其完整形式為as youare told to.
4. A。狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，其完整形式為：asif he wanted to say ...
5. B。狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，其完整形式是：... if it is left untreated.
6. D。狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，其完整句為：I dideven worse in the test.
7. B。語(yǔ)境省略。Need help? = Do you need help?
8. C。由題意知C項可以恢復為：I’d like them both/ both of them。
9.A。狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，由題意知其完整形式為if it ispossible.
10. C。根據題意可知，其對應完整句子應為：asthey are directed。
11. C。該題對應的完整形式是：as if he wanted tofind ...
12.B。該題是狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，其完整句是 ... evenif I am invited。
13.A。該題是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式，其完整形式是whenit is heated enough。
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