The first International Women’s Day
1869年，約翰·密爾（John Stuart Mill）是第一個(gè)在國會(huì )上提出婦女應該有選舉的權利。1893年9月13號，新西蘭成為世界上第一個(gè)婦女擁有表決權的國家。很長(cháng)一段時(shí)間里，其他很多國家的婦女們并不能夠享受到這種公平和參加選舉的權利。
In 1869 British MP John Stuart Mill was the first person in Parliament to call for women’s right to vote. On 19 September 1893 New Zealand became the first country in the world to give women the right to vote. Women in other countries did not enjoy this equality and campaigned for justice for many years.
1910年，第二次關(guān)于勞動(dòng)婦女的國際會(huì )議在哥本哈根舉行。一位名叫克拉拉·蔡特金（Clara
Zetkin）（德國的社會(huì )民族黨婦女辦公室主席）的婦女提交了關(guān)于國際婦女節的議案。她提議，每個(gè)國家每年都應該在某一天來(lái)慶祝婦女的節日，以便表達她們的要求。參加會(huì )議的100多名婦女來(lái)自世界17個(gè)國家，她們有來(lái)自工會(huì )的，社會(huì )政黨的，婦女俱樂(lè )部的，包括3名芬蘭議會(huì )選舉的女性，以一致通過(guò)的方式產(chǎn)生了國際婦女節。
In 1910 a second International Conference of Working Women was held in Copenhagen. A woman named Clara Zetkin (Leader of the ‘Women’s Office’ for the Social Democratic Party in Germany) tabled the idea of an International Women’s Day. She proposed that every year in every country there should be a celebration on the same day - a Women’s Day - to press for their demands. The conference of over 100 women from 17 countries, representing unions, socialist parties, working women’s clubs, and including the first three women elected to the Finnish parliament, greeted Zetkin’s suggestion with unanimous approval and thus International Women’s Day was the result.
緊接著(zhù)第二年的第一個(gè)婦女節是3月19日，不是3月8日。之所以選3月19日，是因為1848年的革命，那一年，普魯士國王被認為是第一次領(lǐng)導武裝人員的力量，何在無(wú)產(chǎn)階級起義的威脅下讓位的。在他眾多承諾中，就有讓婦女擁有選舉權的啟蒙，但是后來(lái)他失敗了。
The very first International Women’s Day was launched the following year by Clara Zetkin on 19 March (not 8 March). The date was chosen because on 19 March in the year of the 1848 revolution, the Prussian king recognized for the first time the strength of the armed people and gave way before the threat of a proletarian uprising. Among the many promise he made, which he later failed to keep, was the introduction of votes for women.
第一屆的國際婦女節的示范計劃是通過(guò)口耳相傳和印刷在各種報刊上。在國際婦女節前的一個(gè)星期出現了兩篇新聞：德國婦女的表決權和澳大利亞的婦女節。各種文
章用來(lái)專(zhuān)門(mén)描寫(xiě)國際婦女節，“婦女和國會(huì )”，“勞動(dòng)婦女和市政”，“關(guān)于政治，家庭主婦可以做些什么？”等等。這些文章深入分析了在政府和社會(huì )上婦女的平
等問(wèn)題。所有的文章強調了同樣的問(wèn)題，那就是議會(huì )應該通過(guò)給予婦女公民權來(lái)體現民主，這是絕對需要的。
Plans for the first International Women’s Day demonstration were spread by word of mouth and in the press. During the week before International Women’s Day two journals appeared: The Vote for Women in Germany and Women’s Day in Austria. Various articles were devoted to International Women’s Day: ‘Women and Parliament’, ‘The Working Women and Municipal Affairs’, ‘What Has the Housewife got to do with Politics?’, etc. The articles thoroughly analyzed the question of the equality of women in the government and in society. All articles emphasized the same point that it was absolutely necessary to make parliament more democratic by extending the franchise to women.
1911年的第一屆婦女節超過(guò)了所有的預期。在全世界的各個(gè)角落甚至是小村莊組織召開(kāi)了會(huì )議，以至于男人們被要求放棄他們的位置給婦女們。男人們呆在家里照顧其孩子，他們的妻子，曾經(jīng)在家的家庭主婦去參加會(huì )議。
Success of the first International Women’s Day in 1911 exceeded all expectation.Meetings were organized everywhere in small towns and even the villages halls were packed so full that male workers were asked to give up their places for women.
Men stayed at home with their children for a change, and their wives, the captive housewives, went to meetings.
在最大的街道上有3萬(wàn)多名婦女在游行，警察決定把游行的橫幅標語(yǔ)拿走才使得婦女們能有個(gè)站立的地方。在接下來(lái)的對峙中，只有在國會(huì )社會(huì )代表的幫助下才避免了流血事件。
During the largest street demonstration of 30,000 women, the police decided to remove the demonstrators’ banners so the women workers made a stand. In the scuffle that followed, bloodshed was averted only with the help of the socialist deputies in Parliament.
1913年的國際婦女節改為3月8日，這一天被保留了下來(lái)，并且作為至今的國際婦女節。
In 1913 International Women’s Day was transferred to 8 March and this day has remained the global date for International Wommen’s Day ever since.
在1975年的國際婦女節上，聯(lián)合國正式給予國際婦女節官方確認，并且被許多國家的政府采納接受，現在國際婦女節在中國，亞美尼亞，俄羅斯，阿塞拜疆，白俄羅斯，保加利亞，哈薩克斯坦，吉爾吉斯斯坦，馬其頓，摩爾多瓦，烏克蘭和越南等國家作為一個(gè)節假日。
During International Women’s Year in 1975, IWD was given official recognition by the United Nations and was taken up by many governments. International Women’s Day is marked by a national holiday in China, Armenia, Russia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.
