抑郁癥是一種常見(jiàn)病，估計全球約有3.5億名患者?；颊咝那橛魫?，喪失興趣或享受感，產(chǎn)生負罪感，或自尊心不足，睡眠和食欲紊亂，身體疲倦，注意力不易集中。
抑郁癥不同于通常的情緒波動(dòng)和對日常生活中挑戰產(chǎn)生的短暫情緒反應。尤其是長(cháng)期的中度或重度抑郁癥可能會(huì )成為嚴重疾患。抑郁癥可能長(cháng)期存在，或經(jīng)常復發(fā)，從而嚴重影響個(gè)人的工作或學(xué)習能力或日常生活能力，嚴重時(shí)可引致自殺行為。全球每年自殺死亡人數估計高達100萬(wàn)人。
輕微的抑郁癥患者不用藥物即可處理，而中度或重度抑郁癥患者則可能需要藥物治療以及更專(zhuān)業(yè)的治療。但是遺憾的是，
令人欣慰的是，最新研究發(fā)現，咖啡和咖啡攝入量的增加，與抑郁癥風(fēng)險降低嚴重相關(guān)。這是中國青島大學(xué)公共衛生學(xué)院完成的一項研究。研究人員對觀(guān)察性研究進(jìn)行薈萃分析，來(lái)檢測成人抑郁癥風(fēng)險與咖啡和咖啡因攝入量之間的關(guān)系。
鑒于可能無(wú)法打開(kāi)原文地址，現將原英文附于此：
Coffee, Caffeine May Be Linked With Decreased DepressionRisk
Depression affects an estimated 15% of adults in high-incomenations, and a growing body of research suggests that it isassociated with several lifestyle and dietary factors such asphysical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, and consumption ofcoffee and tea — the most commonly consumed beverages worldwidebesides water.
Experts propose that caffeine facilitates the transmission ofserotonin and dopamine, which contribute to depression. While somestudies have found an inverse relationship between coffee orcaffeine intake and depression, others have found no beneficialeffect.
Researchers at Qingdao University Medical College in Chinaconducted the first meta-analysis of observational studies toexamine the link between depression risk in adults and consumptionof coffee and caffeine, seeking to clarify the link by conducting adose-response analysis of “all available data of observationalstudies to derive a quantitative estimation of the associationbetween coffee or caffeine intake and depression.”
The analysis covered 15 case-control, cohort, andcross-sectional studies that included a cumulative 330 677participants for the coffee-depression association and 38 223participants for the caffeine-depression association.
The researchers found a linear relationship between coffeeconsumption and
Additionally, they observed a nonlinear relationship betweencaffeine intake and depression risk, in which “the risk ofdepression decreased faster and the association became significantwhen the caffeine consumption was above 68 mg/day and below 509mg/day.”
Although researchers are not certain about the mechanismsdriving the link between depression and coffee or caffeineconsumption, several potential explanations have emerged. Previousfindings have implicated inflammation and oxidative stress in thepathophysiology of depression, and one possibility is that thevarious chemicals present in coffee in significant amounts —including chlorogenic acid, nicotinic acid, trigonelline,quinolinic acid, tannic acid, pyrogallic acid — haveanti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that impactdepression.
“Second, caffeine, as a nonspecific adenosine A1/ A2A receptorantagonist, generates psychostimulant effects through modulatingdopaminergic transmission… and major metabolites of caffeine act onadenosine receptors in the brain,” the researchers wrote. This mayhelp explain the reduced risk of depression associated with coffeeintake.
Some of the limitations of the study included high between-studyheterogeneity, the use of different methods across studies toassess caffeine intake, and the possibility of confounding bycertain side effects. For example, if
Although these findings provide promising results, furtherinvestigation is needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms in therelationship between depression risk and coffee or caffeineintake.
Reference：
Wang L,
上面Reference列出的這篇論文的原摘要鏈接地址（coffee vsdepression）：
文章標題：咖啡和咖啡因攝入量與抑郁癥：觀(guān)察性研究的薈萃分析
Coffee and caffeine consumption and depression: A meta-analysisof observational studies.
研究結論: 咖啡和咖啡因攝入與抑郁癥風(fēng)險降嚴重相關(guān)。
Conclusion：Coffee and caffeine consumption were significantlyassociated with decreased risk of depression.
這篇發(fā)表在《澳大利亞和新西蘭精神病學(xué)》雜志上的文章是青島大學(xué)公共衛生學(xué)院?2016屆碩士生王龍飛的畢業(yè)論文《咖啡和咖啡因的攝入與代謝綜合征抑郁癥關(guān)系的研究》（見(jiàn)http://ggwsxy.qdu.edu.cn/info/1060/1487.htm）
其實(shí)，早在2013年7月24日《哈佛學(xué)報》就曾報道，哈佛大學(xué)公共衛生學(xué)院的研究表明，每天喝幾杯咖啡可使自殺率降低近50%（英文鏈接http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2013/07/drinking-coffee-may-reduce-risk-of-suicide-by-50/）。該研究發(fā)表在2013年7月2號的《世界生物精神病學(xué)》學(xué)報上（原文見(jiàn) coffeevs decreased suicide）。
關(guān)于咖啡：咖啡是全球第一大飲品，全球每天消費咖啡至少在20億杯以上。國際咖啡組織ICO的數據顯示，2015/16年全球咖啡生豆產(chǎn)量預計在1.433億60-公斤袋，僅比上年增長(cháng)0.7%；而2015/16年全球咖啡消費量為1.522億60-公斤袋，自2011年以來(lái)每年增長(cháng)2%。
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