最近一直在看<<Unix網(wǎng)絡(luò )編程>>這本書(shū),覺(jué)得這本書(shū)很適合初學(xué)socket編程的人。我一直對于多播的實(shí)現比較模糊,在看了書(shū)上的多播部分的介紹,才發(fā)現在程序中實(shí)現一個(gè)基本的多播功能是如此簡(jiǎn)單。
在這里我不想照本宣科的大說(shuō)什么理論,概念的東東,我的目的是說(shuō)明在我們的代碼中如何實(shí)現多播功能。
開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境: VC 6.0(sp5), 使用winsock2(ws2_32.lib)
測試環(huán)境: 三臺機器位于兩個(gè)不同的AD域中,所有機器都是windows 2000(SP4)的操作系統。 sz09和kenfilweb4位于域kenfilszwin2k, kenfil-sz18是域sz18-domain域的一臺DC。
對于局域網(wǎng)來(lái)說(shuō),我們可以使用的多播地址為224.0.0.0-224.0.0.255(想知道為什么?看看書(shū)吧。:-) )
多播是通過(guò)設置套接口(socket, 來(lái)自書(shū)上的翻譯)選項來(lái)實(shí)現的,這個(gè)套接口必須是一個(gè)UDP的套接口
IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP: 加入一個(gè)多播組
IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP: 離開(kāi)一個(gè)多播組
IP_MULTICAST_IF: 指定外出多播數據報的外出接口
IP_MULTICAST_TTL: TTL數
IP_MULTICAST_LOOP: 是否禁止回饋,我的理解是一臺機器是否可以接收到自己發(fā)送的多播數據報
在設置IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP和IP_DROP_MEMBERSHIP選項的時(shí)候,我們需要用到ip_mreq結構, 要使用此結構,你必須include <Ws2tcpip.h>, 并確保此include位于include <winsock2.h>之下
程序功能:程序讀取用戶(hù)輸入的行發(fā)送到多播組,加入多播組的任何客戶(hù)端應該顯示從多播組中讀到的數據。
實(shí)現代碼如下:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 | //Project Setting -> C/C++ -> Code Generation -> 確認選中"Debug Multithreaded"#include <iostream>#include <winsock2.h> //注意這里的include文件順序#include <Ws2tcpip.h>#include <process.h> //_beginthread要求#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")using namespace std;const char* MULTICAST_IP = "224.0.0.99"; //多播組地址const int MULTICAST_PORT = 2002; //多播組端口const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;void do_send(void* arg); //讀取用戶(hù)輸入并發(fā)送到多播組線(xiàn)程函數void do_read(void* arg); //讀物多播組數據函數int main(){WSAData wsaData;if( WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData) != 0 ){cout<<"Error in WSAStartup"<<endl;return 0;}SOCKET server;server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); //創(chuàng )建一個(gè)UDP套接口cout<<"create socket: "<<server<<endl;int ret ;const int on = 1; //允許程序的多個(gè)實(shí)例運行在同一臺機器上ret = setsockopt(server, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *)&on, sizeof(on));if( ret == SOCKET_ERROR ){WSACleanup();cout<<"Error in setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR): "<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;return 0;}const int routenum = 10;ret = setsockopt(server,IPPROTO_IP,IP_MULTICAST_TTL,(char*)&routenum,sizeof(routenum));if( ret == SOCKET_ERROR ){WSACleanup();cout<<"Error in setsockopt(IP_MULTICAST_TTL): "<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;return 0;}const int loopback = 0; //禁止回饋ret = setsockopt(server,IPPROTO_IP,IP_MULTICAST_LOOP,(char*)&loopback,sizeof(loopback));if( ret == SOCKET_ERROR ){WSACleanup();cout<<"Error in setsockopt(IP_MULTICAST_LOOP): "<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;return 0;}sockaddr_in local;memset(&local, 0, sizeof(local));local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_port = htons(MULTICAST_PORT);local.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = INADDR_ANY;ret = bind(server, (sockaddr*)(&local), sizeof(local));if( ret == SOCKET_ERROR ){WSACleanup();cout<<"Error in bind: "<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;return 0;}ip_mreq mreq;memset(&mreq, 0, sizeof(mreq));mreq.imr_interface.S_un.S_addr = INADDR_ANY;mreq.imr_multiaddr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr(MULTICAST_IP);//加入一個(gè)多播組ret = setsockopt(server,IPPROTO_IP,IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP,(char*)&mreq,sizeof(mreq));if( ret == SOCKET_ERROR ){WSACleanup();cout<<"Error in setsockopt(IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP): "<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;return 0;}//創(chuàng )建了兩個(gè)線(xiàn)程,一個(gè)讀用戶(hù)輸入并發(fā)送,一個(gè)讀多播組數據HANDLE hHandle[2];hHandle[0] = (HANDLE)_beginthread(do_send,0,(void*)server);hHandle[1] = (HANDLE)_beginthread(do_read,0,(void*)server);//如果用戶(hù)輸入結束,程序就終止了WaitForSingleObject(hHandle[0], INFINITE);WSACleanup();return 0;}void do_send(void* arg){SOCKET server = (SOCKET)arg;char sendline[BUFFER_SIZE+1];sockaddr_in remote;memset(&remote, 0, sizeof(remote));remote.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr ( MULTICAST_IP );remote.sin_family = AF_INET ;remote.sin_port = htons(MULTICAST_PORT);for(;;) //讀取用戶(hù)輸入知道用戶(hù)輸入"end"{cin.getline(sendline, BUFFER_SIZE);if(strncmp(sendline,"end",3)==0)break;//發(fā)送用戶(hù)輸入的數據到多播組sendto(server, sendline, strlen(sendline), 0, (sockaddr*)(&remote), sizeof(remote));}cout<<"do_send end..."<<endl;}void do_read(void* arg){SOCKET server = (SOCKET)arg;char buf[BUFFER_SIZE+1];int ret;sockaddr_in client;int clientLen;for(;;) //一直讀取知道主線(xiàn)程終止{clientLen = sizeof(client);memset(&client, 0, clientLen);ret = recvfrom(server, buf, BUFFER_SIZE, 0, (sockaddr*)(&clientLen), &clientLen);if ( ret == 0) //do_read在用戶(hù)直接回車(chē)發(fā)送了一個(gè)空字符串{continue;}else if( ret == SOCKET_ERROR ){if( WSAGetLastError() == WSAEINTR ) //主線(xiàn)程終止recvfrom返回的錯break;cout<<"Error in recvfrom: "<<WSAGetLastError()<<endl;break ;}buf[ret] = '';cout<<"received: "<<buf<<endl;}cout<<"do_read end..."<<endl;} |
當然上面的代碼如果應用到實(shí)際的程序中還需要作更多的工作,不過(guò)實(shí)現多播功能真的很簡(jiǎn)單,不是嗎?
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