BBED是Block Browser/Editor的縮寫(xiě)，是Oracle的一個(gè)內部工具，不對外發(fā)布文檔及支持。 BBED隨軟件發(fā)布，但是我們需要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的relink才能使用。
雖然BBED工具的使用存在很多風(fēng)險，但是如果利用得當，可以以之解決很多棘手的問(wèn)題，并且可以練習壞塊修復等技術(shù)。
例如在Oracle10g中的bbed工具，同樣需要我們手工relink才能使用，這個(gè)版本的工具同樣可以在其他版本的數據庫中使用:
[oracle@danaly lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/bbed
Linking BBED utility (bbed)
rm -f /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/rdbms/lib/bbed
gcc -o /opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/rdbms/lib/bbed ...
-L/opt/oracle/product/10.2.0/lib
[oracle@danaly lib]$ bbed
Password:
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sun Sep 3 12:42:59 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
BBED> help ALL
SET DBA [ dba | file#, block# ]
SET FILENAME 'filename'
SET FILE file#
SET BLOCK [+/-]block#
SET OFFSET [ [+/-]byte offset | symbol | *symbol ]
SET BLOCKSIZE bytes
SET LIST[FILE] 'filename'
SET WIDTH character_count
SET COUNT bytes_to_display
SET IBASE [ HEX | OCT | DEC ]
SET OBASE [ HEX | OCT | DEC ]
SET MODE [ BROWSE | EDIT ]
SET SPOOL [ Y | N ]
SHOW [ | ALL ]
POP [ALL]
REVERT [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
UNDO
HELP [ | ALL ]
VERIFY [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
CORRUPT [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]
Oracle Database 11g中缺省的未提供BBED庫文件，但是可以用10g的文件編譯出來(lái)，參考如下步驟：
1.復制Oracle 10g文件
Copy $ORA10g_HOME/rdbms/lib/ssbbded.o to $ORA11g_HOME/rdbms/lib
Copy $ORA10g_HOME/rdbms/lib/sbbdpt.o to $ORA11g_HOME/rdbms/lib
Copy $ORA10g_HOME/rdbms/mesg/bbedus.msb to $ORA11g_HOME/rdbms/mesg
Copy $ORA10g_HOME/rdbms/mesg/bbedus.msg to $ORA11g_HOME/rdbms/mesg
Copy $ORA10g_HOME/rdbms/mesg/bbedar.msb to $ORA11g_HOME/rdbms/mesg
2.編譯
make -f $ORA11g_HOME/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk BBED=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed $ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed
BBED的缺省口令為blockedit,請謹慎使用,內部工具。Oracle不做技術(shù)支持。
我前面提到，可以通過(guò)這個(gè)工具模擬壞塊，以便進(jìn)行壞塊相關(guān)的學(xué)習和研究，以下是一個(gè)示例.
1.備份數據文件
本測試中恢復損壞的文件，需要存在一個(gè)良好文件，本文簡(jiǎn)單冷備份一下文件.
[oracle@jumper conner]$ cp users01.dbf users01.dbf.bak
2.修改BBED參數文件
加入備份文件
[oracle@jumper conner]$ more par.bbd blocksize=8192listfile=filelist.txtmode=edit[oracle@jumper conner]$ vi filelist.txt
1 /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/system01.dbf 440401920
2 /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/undotbs01.dbf 104857600
3 /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/users01.dbf 27262976
4 /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/users01.dbf.bak 27262976
~
~
~
"filelist.txt" 4L, 259C written
3.破壞數據塊
[oracle@jumper conner]$ bbed parfile=par.bbd
Password:
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sun Sep 11 22:30:11 2005
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
BBED> set file 3
FILE# 3
BBED> modify 1000 file 3 block 17
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) Y
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/users01.dbf (3)
Block: 17 Offsets: 0 to 511 Dba:0x00c00011
------------------------------------------------------------------------
03e80000 1100c000 75b5a320 00000104 06300000 01000000 611e0000 72b5a320
00000000 03003201 0900c000 ffff0000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00800000
72b5a320 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00012600
ffff5e00 d5037703 77030000 2600c21e 101e581d a91cf61b 471b941a dd192819
6218b417 06175216 9715dd14 26146c13 b4120712 44118310 bc0ffa0e 380e790d
b60cf40b 350b790a c0090409 45088b07 cc060e06 57059804 d5030000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/users01.dbf
BLOCK = 17
Block 17 is corrupt
***
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00c00011 (file 0, block 17)
Bad header found during verification
Data in bad block -
type: 3 format: 0 rdba: 0x00c00011
last change scn: 0x0000.20a3b575 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04
consistency value in tail: 0xb5750601
check value in block header: 0x3006, computed block checksum: 0xea05
spare1: 0x0, spare2: 0x0, spare3: 0x0
***
BBED> quit
4.從備份文件中copy良好數據塊進(jìn)行恢復
[oracle@jumper conner]$ bbed parfile=par.bbd
Password:
BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sun Sep 11 22:33:55 2005
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************
BBED> set file 4
FILE# 4
BBED> show
FILE# 4
BLOCK# 1
OFFSET 0
DBA 0x01000001 (16777217 4,1)
FILENAME /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/users01.dbf.bak
BIFILE bifile.bbd
LISTFILE filelist.txt
BLOCKSIZE 8192
MODE Edit
EDIT Unrecoverable
IBASE Dec
OBASE Dec
WIDTH 80
COUNT 512
LOGFILE log.bbd
SPOOL No
BBED> copy file 4 block 17 to file 3 block 17;
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) Y
File: /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/users01.dbf (3)
Block: 17 Offsets: 0 to 511 Dba:0x00c00011
------------------------------------------------------------------------
06020000 1100c000 75b5a320 00000104 06300000 01000000 611e0000 72b5a320
00000000 03003201 0900c000 ffff0000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00800000
72b5a320 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00012600
ffff5e00 d5037703 77030000 2600c21e 101e581d a91cf61b 471b941a dd192819
6218b417 06175216 9715dd14 26146c13 b4120712 44118310 bc0ffa0e 380e790d
b60cf40b 350b790a c0090409 45088b07 cc060e06 57059804 d5030000 00000000
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /opt/oracle/oradata/conner/users01.dbf
BLOCK = 17
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Blocks Examined : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1
Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Blocks Influx : 0
這樣就通過(guò)一個(gè)完好文件的完好數據塊復制，完成了簡(jiǎn)單的復制恢復。
5.數據庫驗證
原文鏈接里包含詳細的表創(chuàng )建和其他步驟，供參考。
SQL> select count(*) from bbed;
select count(*) from bbed
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 3, block # 17)
ORA-01110: data file 3: '/opt/oracle/oradata/conner/users01.dbf'
SQL> alter tablespace users offline;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> alter tablespace users online;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> select count(*) from bbed;
COUNT(*)
----------
523
善用BBED可以從很多棘手的問(wèn)題中拯救我們的數據庫，作為Oracle DBA需要了解這樣一個(gè)工具的存在。
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