一般現在時(shí)

動(dòng)詞形式：do/does am/is/are

經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動(dòng)作

• The festival takes place every two years. 這個(gè)節日每?jì)赡昱e辦一次

• I go to school at 7：00 every morning except for the weekends. 周末之外，我每天早晨七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。

存在的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征

• I am good at speaking English. 我擅長(cháng)于說(shuō)英語(yǔ)

• The pen runs out of ink. 鋼筆沒(méi)墨水了

真理

• Action speaks louder than words. 行動(dòng)比言語(yǔ)有說(shuō)服力。

• The earth goes around the sun. 地球為這太陽(yáng)轉

雖然主句時(shí)代決定從句時(shí)態(tài)，客觀(guān)真理還是一般現在時(shí)

• Galileo insisted that the earth goes around the sun. 伽利略堅稱(chēng)地球圍著(zhù)太陽(yáng)轉。

特殊用法

狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句將來(lái)時(shí)從句一般現在時(shí)

• I'll go with you as soon as I finish my works. 在做完我的工作后，我將隨你走。

• There will be no turmoil when the king emerge. 當王者降臨，再沒(méi)有顛沛流離。

祈使句是將來(lái)概念

• Don't try to run before you get used to walk. 在你習慣走路之前，不要試圖跑。

一般過(guò)去式

動(dòng)詞形式： was/were/did，表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

過(guò)去的事實(shí)

• She was ill when I last saw her. 我上次見(jiàn)她時(shí)，她生病呢。

• He had a quarrel with his mother this morning. 他今早和母親吵架了。

過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，和often， always連用

• I always got up early on weekdays. 我過(guò)去平日一直早起

• She often came to visit me. 她過(guò)去經(jīng)常來(lái)拜訪(fǎng)我 。

延續性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示過(guò)去持續的動(dòng)作

• I lived in the countryside for 10 years.

• He always kept his words. 他一直說(shuō)話(huà)算數。

過(guò)去的習慣

• He used to go for a walk after supper. 他過(guò)去常常晚飯后走一走 （現在不了）

• He used to say something to her before he fell asleep. 他過(guò)去常在入睡前和她說(shuō)些話(huà)。

現在進(jìn)行時(shí)

變化規則 be+doing：

現在正在發(fā)生的

• I am working. 我正在工作。

• He is talking to her. 他正在和她說(shuō)話(huà)。

階段性的狀態(tài)

• I am helping my father on the family business these days. 這些天我在幫爸爸處理家族生意。

• We are having exam this week. 我們本周考試。

和always， constanly，continuously，forever等連用表示經(jīng)常重復的動(dòng)作，含贊賞，責怪，厭惡之意

• He is always thinking of others first. 他總是先為別人著(zhù)想。

• You are forever forgetting you homework. 你總是忘了寫(xiě)作業(yè)

進(jìn)行表將來(lái)，趨向性動(dòng)作 come ，go，see，meet等才可以

• I am going home tomorrow. 我明天回家。

一般將來(lái)時(shí)

相同之處是不可用于條件句

• 1a: There will be a grand ceremony: 這里將有盛大慶典。

• 2a: I am going to make you my wife. 我將讓你成為我的妻子。

• 1b: A： Have you told him about the change of the plan? 你告訴他計劃改變的事了嗎？

• B: Oh, I forgot, I will call him now. 哎呀，我忘了，我現在打電話(huà)告訴他。

• 1c：Men will die without air. 沒(méi)有空氣人會(huì )死。

• 2c：It looks as if it's going to snow. 看起來(lái)要下雪了

常用句型，祈使句do sth and you will

• Study hard and you will be a straight A student. 好好學(xué)習，你會(huì )變學(xué)霸。

• The mistakes you commit now will be repaid later in life. 今日所犯之錯，將來(lái)會(huì )反噬你。

be to

安排，計劃要做的

• The CET 4 is to be held at the next June. 四級考試將在下個(gè)6月舉行。

命令語(yǔ)氣

• You are to clean the shoes for me. 你tm是給我擦鞋的。

be about to

表示馬上發(fā)生，常用于be about to...when結構

• I was about to beat him when his father appeared. 我正要揍他，他爹來(lái)了。

• Titanic was about to sail. 泰坦尼克號將要起航。

現在完成時(shí)

動(dòng)詞形式： have/has done

表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事對現在的影響或結果

• I have finished all my homework. 我已經(jīng)把全部作業(yè)寫(xiě)完了。

• Have your problem been solved? 你的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)被解決了嗎？

• You have gone , and made me such a fool. 你已遠走，讓我成傻瓜。

過(guò)去發(fā)生的，持續到現在的動(dòng)作，必須是延續性動(dòng)詞

• I have lived here for 10 years. 我已在此地住了十年。

• I have been here waiting for you for so long. 我已在此等你很長(cháng)時(shí)間（現在還在等）

have been to 和 have gone to的區別

• have been to表示去過(guò)并回來(lái)了

• have gone to 表示去過(guò)還沒(méi)回來(lái)

主將從現

• I will give my opinion when I have investigated the problem thoroughly. 在徹查問(wèn)題之后，我將給出我的意見(jiàn)。

常用句型

• This is/that is/it is the first time/序數詞/最高級 sb have/has done sth.

• This is the first time he have spoken with a girl without a blush. 這是他第一次和女的說(shuō)話(huà)不紅臉。

• This is the best gift I have received.這是我接受過(guò)得最好的禮物。

It has been +一段時(shí)間since從句

• It is over 10 years since I left my hometown. 我離家已經(jīng)超過(guò)十年。

現在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

動(dòng)詞形式：have/has been doing

表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直持續到現在

• They have been studying this problem. 他們一直在研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題。（路還在修）

• What has she been doing since she came to China? 來(lái)中國后，她一直在干啥？

• The teacher has been telling the students how to study English since 8. am. 老師在8點(diǎn)開(kāi)始就一直教我們怎么學(xué)英語(yǔ)。

• We have been studying for 3 hours, let play for a while. 我們一直學(xué)習了三小時(shí)，玩一會(huì )兒吧。

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

動(dòng)詞形式： had done

表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前完成的動(dòng)作

• She had learnt English before kindergarten. 上幼兒園之前她就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。

• By the time she entered kindergarten she had learnt 800 words. 到入幼兒園時(shí)，她已經(jīng)學(xué)了八百個(gè)單詞了。

表示延續

• He said he had been a college student for 2 years. 他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生2年了。

固定句型

It was +最高級或序數詞

• Falling in love with her was the best thing I had done. 與她相愛(ài)是我做過(guò)的最好的事。

• It was the third time he had made the same mistake. 這是他第三次犯同樣錯誤。

hardly... when..., no sooner...then...

• Hardly had the bell rung when He started running out of his classroom.

• No sooner had the bell rung then he started running out of his classroom.

下課鈴剛響，他就沖出教室。

表示過(guò)去未實(shí)現的希望或計劃 had hoped, meant, wanted, planned, intended

• I had intended to visit you last year, but the illness prevented me. 我本想去年去看你，可是大病一場(chǎng)沒(méi)去成。

• I had wanted to help you, but you betrayed me before took actions. 我本來(lái)想幫你的，但是你在我行動(dòng)之前就背叛我了。

by 引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

• By the time Tom was released from prison, his son had married. 在湯姆出獄的時(shí)候，他的兒子都結婚了。

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

動(dòng)詞形式： was/were doing

表過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生，或者過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

• She was reading Hamlet when I came in. 我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，他正在讀哈姆雷特。

• I was playing LOL this time yesterday. 昨日的這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正在玩英雄聯(lián)盟。

其它用法同現在進(jìn)行時(shí)

階段性

• I was watching TV all day last weekend. 上個(gè)周末，我整日在看電視。

趨向性動(dòng)作，進(jìn)行表將來(lái)

• I did not want to stay in that school because one of my best friends were leaving. 當初我不想待在那個(gè)學(xué)校 是因為一個(gè)好朋友將要離開(kāi)。

• I heard that you were coming to visit me. 當初我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你將要來(lái)看我。

重復動(dòng)作含感情意味

• She was forever working hard. 他一直努力工作，表示喜歡

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)需要過(guò)去的時(shí)間支點(diǎn)，如時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，when從句

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

動(dòng)詞形式： would do, was were going to do

從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

• He didn't expect that we would all be there. 當初他沒(méi)料想到我們會(huì )出現在那里。

• He finally took the sword. In there years, there would be disasters. 他終究還是執劍了，三年內，必有災殃。（預言說(shuō)他終生不可執劍，否則天下大亂）

將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)

動(dòng)詞形式： will/shall be doing

表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生并延續的動(dòng)作

將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

• Will we still being together this time 10 years later? 10年后的今天，我們還會(huì )在一起嗎？

• I will be flying to New York this time tomorrow. 明日此時(shí)，我將飛赴紐約。

• Can I visit you at 10 o'clock this morning? 今天上午10點(diǎn)我能拜訪(fǎng)你嗎？

• I am sorry, but by then I will be flying to Singapore. How about the next week? 對不起，那時(shí)我會(huì )在飛往新加坡的飛機上，下周怎么樣？

表示主觀(guān)的決心和意志

• behave yourself，I will be watching you. 規矩點(diǎn)，我將會(huì )看著(zhù)你

對將來(lái)的打算或預測

• Have this cake, and you will not be feeling hungry. 吃完這塊蛋糕你就不覺(jué)得餓了。

• The class will be over, and I will be returning home. 課程將要結束，我將要回家。

表結果

• Go away or you are crying for your mother. 快走，否則打的你哭著(zhù)找媽媽。