高考英語(yǔ)詞匯用法詳釋?zhuān)?/span>6)
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gain[geIn] v. 獲得;獲益,增加;(鐘、表)走快n.[C]收獲,收益:Without a job, it is impossible to earn any money. 沒(méi)有工作就不可能掙到錢(qián)。/ No pains, no gains.不勞則無(wú)獲。/ He cares very little for fame and gain.他對名利很淡薄。
game[geIm] n. [C]游戲,運動(dòng);比賽,比賽得分(成績(jì));(用復數)運動(dòng)會(huì ):Football is a team game. 足球是一項集體運動(dòng)。/ How about playing a game of chess now? 現在來(lái)下盤(pán)棋好嗎?
【用法】表示“運動(dòng)會(huì )”的games用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復數(偶爾也用單數):The 1984 (Olympic) Games were [was] held in Los Angeles. 1984年奧運會(huì )在(美國)洛杉磯舉行。
garage[5gArB:dV,5gArIdV] n.[C]車(chē)庫:The garage is back of the house. 車(chē)庫在房屋后面。
garden[5gB:dEn] n.[C]花園,果園,菜園:a back garden 后花園
gate[geIt] n.[C]大門(mén):I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park. 我要他在公園門(mén)口等我。
gather[5gATE] v.聚集,集合;收集,采摘:We will gather at the school gate at eight. 我們將8點(diǎn)鐘在校門(mén)口集合。/ He gathered me some flowers.=He gathered some flowers for me. 他給我采了幾朵花。
【短語(yǔ)】gather around 聚集,召集,集合 / gather in 收進(jìn),收獲 / gather up收集,拾起,撿起,收拾;集中,概括
gay1[geI] adj.快樂(lè )的,愉快的 n.[U]快樂(lè ):We were all gay at the thought of the coming holidays. 我們一想到即將來(lái)臨的假期便高興起來(lái)。
gay2[geI] adj.(男)同性戀的n.[C](男)同性戀者:I don’t know he was gay. 我不知道他是同性戀者。
general[5dVenErEl] adj.一般的,普遍的,大致的,總的 n.將軍:Give me a general idea of the work. 告訴我這件工作的概括情況。/ The general ordered his troops to cease fire. 那位將軍命令他的軍隊?;?。
【短語(yǔ)】in general 總的說(shuō)來(lái);大多數
generation[7dVenE5reIFEn] n.[C]代,一代:We belong to the same generation. 我們是同齡人。
【短語(yǔ)】generation gap代溝 / from generation to generation=generation after generation 一代一代
【注意】漢語(yǔ)說(shuō)老一代和年輕一代,并無(wú)比較意味,但英語(yǔ)卻通常說(shuō)成the older generation和the younger generation。
gentle[5dVentl] adj.文雅的,溫和的:She is gentle in touch, manner, and voice. 她在氣質(zhì)、態(tài)度、聲調方面都溫柔和藹。
gentleman[5dVentlmEn] n.[C]紳士,先生:Ladies and gentlemen 女士們和先生們
geography[dVI5RgrEfI] n.[U]地理(學(xué)) [C]地理書(shū):He’s interested in geography. 他對地理感興趣。
German[5dVE:mEn] adj.德國的,德國人的,德語(yǔ)的 n. [C]德國人 [U]德語(yǔ):He passed in German, but failed in English. 他德語(yǔ)考試及格了,但英語(yǔ)沒(méi)及格。
【注意】表示“德國人”時(shí),其復數是Germans,不是Germen。
Germany[5dVE:mEnlI] n.德國:At the finals, they lost to Germany. 在決賽中他們輸給了德國。
get[get] v.(got, got)成為,變得,使得;得到,收到;具有;到達:Get me a chair, please. 請給我搬張椅子。/ You’ll get to like your work. 你慢慢會(huì )喜歡你的工作的。/ If you don’t get more exercise, you’ll get fat. 你如果不多鍛煉就會(huì )發(fā)胖。
【短語(yǔ)】get about [around] (能)到處走動(dòng),旅行;(消息等)傳播 / get along 離開(kāi)(某地);相處;進(jìn)展 / get away離開(kāi),逃走;逃脫 / get down 弄下,寫(xiě)下,吞下 / get in 進(jìn)站,回來(lái);請來(lái);插話(huà);收獲 / get off 起飛,動(dòng)身,出發(fā),下班,下車(chē) / get on上車(chē);進(jìn)展,過(guò)日子;相處 / get out 出來(lái),出去,離開(kāi);拿出,取出;發(fā)表;泄漏 / get out of 逃避,躲掉;使說(shuō)出(拿出等);放棄,戒除,停止 / get over 走過(guò),越過(guò);克服;恢復 / get through 做完,用完,吃完,看完;通過(guò)(考試),接通(電話(huà)),度過(guò)(時(shí)間) / get together 聚會(huì ),聯(lián)歡 / get up 起床,起身;打扮;舉辦
【比較】get sb (sth) to do sth與get sb (sth) doing sth:前者指使“某人(某事物)做某事”,后者指“使某人(某事物)開(kāi)始…起來(lái)”。
gift[gIft] n. [C]贈品,禮物;天賦,天才:a birthday gift 生日禮物 / Her gift to him was a pen. 她送給他的禮物是一支鋼筆。/ She has a gift for (learning) languages. 她對學(xué)語(yǔ)言有天賦。
girl[gE:l] n.[C]女孩,姑娘:Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩還是女孩?
give[gIv](gave, given) v.給,給予,贈給,引起:Give the book to him. 把這本書(shū)給他。/ I hope you can give us some help. 我希望你能給我們一些幫助。/ I’m sorry I’ve given you so much trouble. 對不起給了你這么多麻煩。
【短語(yǔ)】give away 贈,送,泄露,出賣(mài) / give back 歸還,送回 / give in 屈服,讓步,投降 / give off 發(fā)出(蒸汽,光等) / give out 分發(fā),用完,耗盡,筋疲力盡;發(fā)出(氣味,熱等) / give up 放棄
【用法】過(guò)去分詞given有時(shí)用作介詞,表示“考慮到”、“鑒于”:Given their inexperience [Given that they’re inexpeerienced], they’ve done a good job. 考慮到他們缺乏經(jīng)驗,這工作他們已干得很不錯了。
glad[glAd] adj.高興的,樂(lè )意的:I am glad to meet you. 我很高興見(jiàn)到你。/ We’re glad of your success. 我們?yōu)槟愕某晒Χ吲d。/ I’m glad about your passing the exam. 你考試及格了,我很高興。
glance[glB:ns] v.& n.一瞥,掃視,瞥見(jiàn):He glanced round the room. 他掃視了一下房間。/ She threw me a quick frightened glance. 她快速驚恐地望了我一眼。
glass[glB:s] n. [U]玻璃 [C]玻璃杯 (用復數)眼鏡:a pair of glasses 一副眼鏡 / He handed me a glass of beer. 他遞給我一杯啤酒。/ I cut my hand on some broken glass. 我的手被碎玻璃割傷了。
globe[glEJb] n. (連用the)地球 [C]地球儀,球狀物:We use a globe in our geography lessons. 我們在地理課上使用地球儀。/ This plant can grow in many parts of the globe. 這種植物能在地球上許多地方生長(cháng)。
glove[glQv] n. [C]手套:He has his gloves on. 他戴著(zhù)手套。
go1[gEJ]v. (went, gone) 去,行走;變?yōu)?;處?#8230;的狀態(tài);(機器等)運轉;通到;相配;從事(活動(dòng)):Let’s go for a walk along the river. 咱們到江邊散散步。/ The milk went sour. 牛奶變質(zhì)了。/ He went hungry. 他餓著(zhù)肚子。/ Yesterday we went swimming in the river. 昨天我們去河邊游泳了。
【短語(yǔ)】go back 回去;回顧,回溯 / go by從(…)旁邊經(jīng)過(guò);(時(shí)間、機會(huì )等)過(guò)去;遵循,按照,以…為依據 / go down 下落,下降,降低,減弱 / go in for 參加(考試、比賽等);從事(某一職業(yè)等);愛(ài)好,喜歡 / go into 到達,進(jìn)入,從事,參加;調查,研究 / go out 出去;出國,遠行;熄滅 / go over 復習,演習;檢查,核對 / go through 通過(guò);檢查,審查,查找;經(jīng)歷;做完,用完 / go up上升,上漲;建立 / be going to 打算,即將
【比較】go on doing sth與go on to do sth:前者指不停地做某事或繼續做某事,后者指做完某事后接著(zhù)或繼續做某事:You oughtn’t to go on living this way. 你不應該再這樣生活下去了。/ He went on to talk about his family. 他接著(zhù)談了他的家庭。
go2[gEJ] n. 1.[C]嘗試(做某事);(常用單)輪到某人(做某事):Let’s have a go at it. 讓我們試一試。/ It’s my go. 輪到我啦。
goal[gEJl] n.[C]目標,目的;(足球)球門(mén),(賽跑等的)終點(diǎn):His goal is a job at the university. 他的目標是要在大學(xué)任教。
goat[gEJt] n.[C]山羊:Men and goats have [grow] beards. 人和山羊都長(cháng)胡子。
god[gRd] n.神,上帝:God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你!(天啊!)
gold[gEJld] n.[U]黃金 adj. 金質(zhì)的;金色的:All that glitters is not gold.=All is not gold that glitters. 發(fā)亮的不一定都是金子。
golden[5gEJldEn] adj.金色的;金質(zhì)的;黃金般的,可貴的:golden hair 金發(fā) / The 18th century was the golden age of the novel. 18 世紀是小說(shuō)的黃金時(shí)期。
good[gJd] adj.(better, best)好的,有益的 n.[U]好處,益處:She is good at telling stories. 她擅長(cháng)講故事。/ It’s good for her to buy a computer. 買(mǎi)臺電腦對他有好處。It’s good of you to lend it to me. 你真好把它借給我。/ Is it any good trying to explain? 試圖作些解釋有用嗎?
good-bye[5gJdbaI] interj.& n.再見(jiàn):say good-bye to sb 向某人道別 / She kissed them good-bye. 她吻別他們。
goods[gJdz] n.(復數)商品,貨物:five pieces of goods五件貨 / The goods are in danger of robbery. 這貨有被盜的危險。
【用法】只有復數形式,用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)要用復數;雖為復數,但不能與數詞連用。
goose[gu:s] n.(pl. geese) [C]鵝 [U]鵝肉:I don’t care much for goose. 我不太喜歡吃鵝肉。
government[5gQvEnmEnt] n. [C]政府:the People’s Government 人民政府
【用法】若視為整體,表單數意義;若考慮其成員,則表復數意義:The government is planning to build a dam there. 政府打算在那里建一座水壩。/ The government are discussing the proposal. 政府(人員)正在討論這個(gè)建議。
grade[greId] n. [C]等級;年級;成績(jì),分數:She ranked her students according to their grades. 她按成績(jì)排列學(xué)生的名次。/ They sort apples by grade. 他們把蘋(píng)果按等級分類(lèi)。/ Her son is in the sixth grade. 她兒子讀六年級。
gradually[5grAdjJElI] adv. 逐漸地:Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work. 我們逐步獲得了做這工作的經(jīng)驗。
graduate[5grAdjJeIt] v.畢業(yè)n.[C]大學(xué)畢業(yè)生,畢業(yè)生:He graduated in history. 他畢業(yè)于歷史專(zhuān)業(yè)。/ He is a graduate of Oxford University. 他是牛津大學(xué)的畢業(yè)生。
【用法】1.用作動(dòng)詞,一般不及物;有時(shí)也用作及物動(dòng)詞,且用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但較少見(jiàn)。2.表示從某學(xué)校畢業(yè),其后通常接介詞at(英)或from(美)。
grain[greIn] n. [U]谷物,谷類(lèi) [C]谷粒:Grain is used for making flour. 谷物用來(lái)做面粉。/ Bring in every single grain. 顆粒還倉。
grammar[5grAmE] n. [U]語(yǔ)法 [C]語(yǔ)法書(shū):Is grammar important when learning English?在學(xué)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中,語(yǔ)法重要嗎?
grand[grAnd] adj.莊嚴的,雄偉的,顯赫的:He lives in a grand house. 他住在一棟富麗堂皇的房子里。
granddaughter[5grAn7dR:tE] n. [C]孫女,外孫女:Her granddaughter is lovely. 她的孫女很可愛(ài)。
grandfather[5grAnd7fB:TE] n. [C]祖父,外祖父:Grandfather won’t allow it. 爺爺不會(huì )允許這樣做。
grandmother[5grAnd7mQTE] n. [C]祖母,外祖母:I’ve been to see your grandmother. 我(剛才)看你奶奶去了。
grandson[5grAndsQn] n. [C]孫子;外孫:Her grandson is kind to her. 她的外孫對她很好。
grass[grB:s] n. [U,C]草,草地:Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。
great[greIt] adj.偉大的;重要的:A great deal of money is spent on research. 研究工作上花了許多錢(qián)。/ These products are in great demand. 這種產(chǎn)品需求很大。
Greek[gri:k] adj.希臘(人)的,希臘語(yǔ)的n. [C]希臘人 [U]希臘語(yǔ):Greek letters 希臘字母 / It’s all Greek to me. 這東西我一竅不通。
green[gri:n] adj.& n.綠色(的),青色(的);未熟的;沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗的:Try pressing the green button. 按綠色按鈕試試。/ She was dressed in green. 她穿著(zhù)綠衣服。
greet[gri:t] vt. 問(wèn)候,向…打招呼:She greeted me warmly. 她熱情地和我打招呼。/ His speech was greeted with cheers. 他的演說(shuō)得到熱烈的喝彩。
greeting[5gri:tIN] n. [C,U]祝賀,問(wèn)候,致意:As I entered, he gave me a nod of greeting. 當我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí),他點(diǎn)頭向我打招呼。
【用法】表示“致賀”、“賀辭”時(shí),通常用復數形式,且多與動(dòng)詞give, send, receive, offer 等連用:Please give my greetings to your parents. 請代我向你父母問(wèn)好。
grey / gray[greI] adj.灰(白)色的:He was already gray at 30. 他30歲時(shí)頭發(fā)就已經(jīng)灰白了。/ The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match. 藍襯衫和灰領(lǐng)帶很相配。
ground[graJnd] n.[C]地面;場(chǎng)地:He was lying on the ground. 他躺在地上。
group[gru:p] n.[C](小)組,團體,群:The teacher divided the pupils into three groups. 老師把學(xué)生分成三組。
grow[grEJ] v.(grew, grown)種植,生長(cháng);漸漸變得:He grows vegetables. 他種植蔬菜。/ The weather is growing cold. 天氣冷起來(lái)了。
【用法】其后接不定式表示開(kāi)始做某事,此時(shí)不定式通常為 be, like, hate, believe 等動(dòng)詞:He’s growing to like her better. 他變得更喜歡她了。
guard[gB:d] n.[C]衛兵,哨兵 [U]防衛,警戒;監視,看守v.保衛,防衛;監視:He is always on his guard. 他一直很警惕。/ Two big dogs guard the farm. 有兩條大狗看守農場(chǎng)。
guess[ges] v.& n.猜,猜測:I guessed his thoughts. 我猜著(zhù)了他的想法。/ He made a blind guess. 他胡猜一通。
guest[gest] n.[C]客人:She greeted her guests at the door. 她在門(mén)口迎接客人。
guide[gaId] n. [C]向導,導游者v.引導,引路;指導,輔導;支配:The guide showed us around the city. 導游帶我們游覽了這座城市。/ They guided us to the office. 他們帶領(lǐng)我們到了辦公室。
gun[gQn] n. [C]槍?zhuān)冢?/span>We fired our guns at the enemy. 我們向敵人開(kāi)炮。
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habit[5hAbIt] n.[C,U]習慣,習性:It was not his habit to ask people for things. 他沒(méi)有向別人要東西的習慣。/ Try to develop good reading habits. 要養成良好的閱讀習慣。
【用法】表示做某事的習慣,其后要接 of doing sth,不接to do sth:He has broken off [got rid of] the habit of drinking. 他已戒掉了喝酒的習慣。
hair[hZE] n.[C, U]頭發(fā),毛:I shall cut my hair. 我將理發(fā)(自己給自己理發(fā))。/ I shall have my hair cut. 我將理發(fā)(請別人給我理發(fā))。
【用法】表示“頭發(fā)”的總稱(chēng),是集合名詞(不可數);表示一根根的頭發(fā),是可數名詞:He wears his hair long. 他留長(cháng)發(fā)。/ There are hairs on your jacket. 你的上衣上有幾根頭發(fā)。
haircut[5hZEkQt] n.[C](男子)理發(fā),發(fā)型:I’ll go and get a haircut. 我要去理發(fā)。
half[hB:f] adj.半,一半 n.[C,U]半,一半 adv.部分地,一半地:Half the students were late. 有一半學(xué)生遲到了。/ Well begun is half done. (諺)頭開(kāi)得好,事成一半。/ He was half asleep. 他半醒半睡。
【短語(yǔ)】by half 一半;極大地,大大地 / by halves 半途而廢地,不完全地 / in half 兩半
hall[hC:l] n. [C]門(mén)廳,過(guò)道;大廳,禮堂:The hall will soon be filled with people. 大廳一會(huì )兒就會(huì )坐滿(mǎn)人。
ham[hAm] n. [C,U]火腿:Slice the ham thin. 把火腿切得薄薄的。
hammer[5hAmE] n. [C]錘子v.用錘敲擊,反復敲打:Hammer the nail in. 把釘子釘進(jìn)去。/ He was holding a hammer. 他手里握著(zhù)一把錘子。
hand[hAnd] n.[C]手;(鐘表)指針 v.傳遞;交付;給:Put up your hand if you know the answer. 若知道答案請舉手。
【短語(yǔ)】at hand 在手邊,在近處;即將到來(lái) / by hand 用手工(即不是用機器或其他手段);用專(zhuān)人(即不是通常郵寄等) / give [lend] sb a hand 幫某人一把 / hand in hand手拉手;同時(shí)并存 / in hand 手頭有;控制,處理,進(jìn)行 / on hand 在手邊(隨時(shí)可用) / on the one (other) hand 一方面(另一方面) / hand in 交來(lái),交上去(給老師或上級) / hand on 傳遞給另一個(gè)人 / hand out 散發(fā),分發(fā) / hand over 移交,拿給(另一人) / shake hands (with sb) (同某人)握手
handkerchief[5hANkEtFi:f] n.[C]手帕,手絹:a paper handkerchief 紙手巾
【用法】其復數可以是handkerchiefs或handkerchieves,但以前者為多見(jiàn)。
handsome[5hAnsEm]adj.漂亮的,英俊的:He looks handsome in uniform. 他穿制服很英俊。
【用法】主要用于說(shuō)明男性;若用于女性,則指體態(tài)健美、端莊穩重等,即指健美而非貌美;若用于兒童,則指“外貌俊秀”。
hang[hAN]v.絞死,上吊;懸掛,吊著(zhù):He hung the picture on the wall. 他把畫(huà)掛在墻上。/ He was hanged for murder. 他因殺人罪被判絞刑。
【用法】若表示“絞死”,是規則動(dòng)詞,其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為hanged;若表示“懸掛”,為不規則動(dòng)詞,其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為hung。
happen[5hApEn] v.(偶然)發(fā)生;碰巧:I won’t tell anybody what happened. 發(fā)生的事我誰(shuí)也不告訴。/ He happened to be out.=It happened that he was out. 他恰好不在家。
【用法】只用作不及物動(dòng)詞,所以不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
happy[5hApI] adj.高興的,幸福的:They lived a happy life. 他們過(guò)著(zhù)幸福的生活。/ We are happy at [about] his letter. 收到他的來(lái)信我們很高興。/ He is happy over his success. 他對自己的成功感到高興。/ Are you happy with your life? 你對生活滿(mǎn)意嗎?
hard[hB:d] adv.努力地;(下雨等)猛烈地 adj.困難的;硬的:You will fail unless you work hard. 如果你不用功,你會(huì )不及格。/ It’s raining hard. 正在下大雨。/ The text is hard to understand.=It’s hard to understand the text. 這篇課文很難懂。
hardly[5hB:dlI] adv.幾乎,幾乎沒(méi)有:I hardly ever heard him singing. 我幾乎從未聽(tīng)他唱過(guò)歌。
【用法】1.Hardly…when…是固定句型,意為“一…就”:Hardly had she arrived when it began to rain. 她剛到就下起雨來(lái)了。2.若用于句首,其后要用倒裝句式:Hardly did he sleep last night. 他昨晚幾乎沒(méi)睡。
hard-working[5hB:dwE:kIN] adj.辛勤的,勤勞的:The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中國人是一個(gè)勤勞的民族。
harvest[5hB:vIst] n. [C,U]收割,收獲(期);收成v.收割,收獲:It happened that the harvest was bad that year. 恰好那年收成不好。
hat[hAt] n.[C]帽子:Hang your hat on the hook. 把帽子掛在衣鉤上。
hate[heIt] v.憎恨;不愿,不喜歡:We hate such people. 我們討厭這樣的人。
【用法】1.后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),用不定式或動(dòng)名詞均可:Some people hate working [to work] in the early morning. 有些人不愛(ài)在清晨工作。但若與would, should連用,則其后只接不定式:I’d hate to spend Christmas alone. 我不喜歡一個(gè)人過(guò)圣誕節。2.通常只用作及物動(dòng)詞,若后面直接跟if和when引導的狀語(yǔ)從句,習慣上先接it:I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜歡人們嘴里含著(zhù)飯說(shuō)話(huà)。
have[hAv] v.(had, had)有;吃;喝;進(jìn)行;經(jīng)受;使v. aux.(構成完成時(shí)態(tài)):Did you have a good holiday? 你假期過(guò)得愉快嗎? / Have you finished your work? 你完成工作了嗎? / I’ll have her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信。/ He had the light burning all night. 他讓燈亮了一整夜。/ We had the machine repaired. 我們請人修理了機器。/ He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄傷了。
he[hi:] pron.他:Is your dog a he or a she? 你的狗是雄的還是雌的?
head[hed] n.[C]頭,頭部 vi.前進(jìn):Use your head. 動(dòng)腦筋吧。/ Then we headed for home. 然后我們就往家走了。
headache[5hedeIk] n.[C]頭疼:I have (got) a bad headache. 我頭痛得厲害。
headmaster[hed5mB:stE] n. [C](英)(中小學(xué)校)校長(cháng):The headmaster has the final say. 校長(cháng)說(shuō)了算數。
health[helW] n. [U]健康;衛生:Walking is good for the health. 散步對健康有益。/ They are in good health. 他們身體都很好。
hear[hIE]v.(heard, heard)聽(tīng),聽(tīng)見(jiàn);聽(tīng)說(shuō);得知:I heard him open the door and enter the room. 我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他打開(kāi)門(mén)進(jìn)到屋里。/ I heard that he was ill. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)他病了。
【短語(yǔ)】hear about 聽(tīng)說(shuō),得知 / hear from從…聽(tīng)來(lái),收到…的來(lái)信 / hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō),得知 / hear out 聽(tīng)完(某人的話(huà))
heart[hB:t] n. [C]心(臟);心地,心腸,感情:She has a kind heart. 她心地善良。/ His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe. 他的心跳得這樣厲害,他都喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)了。
【短語(yǔ)】by heart 默記地,記下 / heart and soul 全心全意地,全部心思地,完全地 / lose heart 灰心 / lose one’s heart to 傾心于,愛(ài)上
heat[hi:t] n. [U,C]熱,熱度,高溫v. 變熱,把…加熱:The heat has caused the milk to go sour. 酷熱的天氣使牛奶酸了。
heaven[5hevEn] n.天空;上帝,神:Heaven knows! 天曉得!/ Good Heavens! (表驚奇)天呀!
heavy[5hevI] adj.重的,大量的,強的:He didn’t come because of the heavy rain. 因為雨大他沒(méi)有來(lái)。/ He is a heavy smoker. 他煙抽得很多。
height[haIt] n. [C,U]高,高度:He was a man of middle height. 他是中等個(gè)子。
hello[5helEJ] interj.& n.喂:Hello! How are you? 嘿,你好! / She said hello to me when she saw me. 她見(jiàn)到我時(shí)向我打招呼。
help[help] n.[U]幫助 [C]幫手,有益的事物v.幫助;促進(jìn):I helped him (to) repair his bike. 我幫他修自行車(chē)。/ Please help me with this luggage. 請幫我搬這行李。/ Help yourself to the fruit. 吃點(diǎn)水果吧。
【用法】1.表示“幫助某人做某事”,英語(yǔ)可用help sb (to) do sth,也可用help sb in doing sth。2. can’t help doing sth與can’t help to do sth不同:前者指“禁不住做某事”,后者指“不能幫助做某事”。
her[hE:] pron.她的,她(賓格):He gave her a kiss. 他吻了她一下。
here[hIE] adv.這兒;在這里;向這里:here and there 到處,各處 / Here you are. 這就是你所要的東西。/ Here I must disagree. 這一點(diǎn)我必須反對。
hero[5hIErEJ] n. (pl.heroes)英雄:He died a hero’s death. 他英勇?tīng)奚?span lang="EN-US">
hers[hE:z] pron.她的:Is this his or hers? 這是他的還是她的?
herself[hE:5self] pron.她自己:She kept herself from laughing. 她忍住沒(méi)笑。
hi[haI]interj.嘿! 喂(喚起注意,表示驚訝或詢(xún)問(wèn)):Hi there!喂!
hide[haId] v.(hid, hidden)隱蔽,把…藏起來(lái):He is trying to hide the truth. 他想要掩蓋真相。/ A fox cannot hide its tail. 狐貍尾巴是藏不住的。
high[haI] adj. 高的;高級的,高等的adv.高:higher education高等教育 / The building is nine stories high. 那座樓有九層高。
hill[hIl] n.[C]小山:The tower is on the top of the hill. 塔位于山頂上。
him[hIm] pron.他(賓格):If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你向他請求,他會(huì )幫助你。
himself[hIm5self] pron.他自己:He is not quite himself today. 今天他不太舒服。
hire[haIE] n.&vt.雇用,租用:We hired a car. 我們租了輛汽車(chē)。/ This car is for hire. 這輛車(chē)是出租的。
his[hIz] pron.他的:Everyone must do his best. 人人都要盡自己力量做。
history[5hIstErI] n.[U]歷史(學(xué)) [C]一段歷史:History repeats itself. (諺)歷史往往重演。/ China is a country with a long history. 中國是一個(gè)具有悠久歷史的國家。
【用法】1.以下說(shuō)法通常不用冠詞:modern history 近代史 / world history 世界史 / Chinese history 中國史。但下列說(shuō)法要用定冠詞(注意其后有 of短語(yǔ)):the history of China 中國史 2. 短語(yǔ)in history(歷史上)中也不用冠詞:It was an important moment in history. 那是歷史上的重要時(shí)刻。
hit[hIt](hit, hit) v.打,擊中;碰撞;到達;襲擊,侵襲:Hit the ball hard. 使勁擊球。/ He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。/ The area was hit by a flash storm. 這一地區受到突如其來(lái)的暴風(fēng)雨的侵襲。
hold[hEJld](held, held) v. 拿,抱,握;舉行,進(jìn)行;容納;持續,耐久n. (用單數)掌握,把握:He held a knife in his hand. 他手里握著(zhù)一把刀。/ The room can hold twenty people. 這屋子可容下20個(gè)人。/ She holds the same view. 她持有同樣的看法。/ Hold the line, please. 請不要掛斷電話(huà)。
【短語(yǔ)】hold back 阻止;忍??;隱瞞 / hold out 支持,給予,堅持 / hold to 抓緊;堅持 / hold up 豎起;阻礙,延誤 / catch (get, seize, take) hold of 抓住 / keep hold of 抓住,緊緊握住
hole[hEJl] n.[C]洞,坑,孔:There is a hole in the wall. 墻上有一個(gè)洞。
holiday[5hClEdeI] n. [C]假日,假期:You ought to have a holiday. 你應該休一休假。
【比較】on holiday與on holidays:前者指“度假”、“在休假”,后者指“在假日里”(主要指諸如元旦、國慶等的放假日):The typist is on holiday this week. 打字員本周休假。/ Travel is very heavy here on holidays. 假日這里的交通很擁擠。
home[hEJm] n. [C,U]家 adj.家庭的,本國的 adv.回家,到家,在家:feel at home 感覺(jué)習慣,覺(jué)得舒適 / We decided to go home by bus. 我們決定坐公共汽車(chē)回家。
homework[5hEJmwE:k] n. [U]家庭作業(yè):do one’s homework 做家庭作業(yè)
honest[5RnIst] adj.誠實(shí)的,正直的,公正的:Please be more honest about it. 請你更坦白地告訴我。/ It was honest of him to tell us the truth.= He was honest to tell us the truth. 他很誠實(shí),給我們講了真話(huà)。
honour(美honor)[5CnE] n. [C,U]榮譽(yù);尊敬vt.尊敬,給予榮譽(yù):Would you do me the honor of dancing with me?=Would you do me the honor to dance with me? 能請你跳曲舞嗎? / We had a party in honour of his birthday. 為了祝賀他的生日我們舉行了一個(gè)晚會(huì )。
hope[hEJp] v.& n.希望:She worked hard in the hope of making money.=She worked hard in hopes of making money. 她努力工作是希望賺錢(qián)。
【用法】1.漢語(yǔ)中的“希望某人做某事”,說(shuō)成英語(yǔ)不能是 hope sb to do sth,但與之意思相近的wish卻可以用于該句型。2.I hope后的賓語(yǔ)從句可用一般現在時(shí)表將來(lái),也可直接用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài):I hope you (will) like it. 希望你會(huì )喜歡它。3.用作名詞的hope后可接of doing sth作賓語(yǔ),但不接不定式:He still has the hope of seeing her again. 他還有希望再見(jiàn)到她。
hopeless[5hEJplIs]adj.沒(méi)有希望的,沒(méi)有用的,無(wú)法可治的:Your work is hopeless and so are you. 你的工作一無(wú)是處,你這個(gè)人也是如此。
horse[hR:s] n.[C]馬:I am learning to ride a horse. 我正在學(xué)習騎馬。
hospital[5hCspItEl] n. [C,U]醫院:The injured were taken to hospital. 受傷的人都送進(jìn)了醫院。
【用法】表示“住院”、“出院”等,在英國英語(yǔ)中不用冠詞,但在美國英語(yǔ)中可用冠詞:She is ill in (the) hospital. 她生病住院了。
hot[hRt]adj. 熱的,熱情的:It was very hot here in summer. 這兒夏天炎熱。
hot dog[7hRt5dRg] n.[C]熱狗(紅腸面包):I want a hot dog. 我想要一節熱狗。
hotel [hEJ5tel] n. [C]旅館,飯店,賓館,酒店:the Jindi Hotel 金地飯店 / This hotel is the cheapest in town. 這家旅館是城里最便宜的。
hour[5aJE] n. [C]小時(shí);時(shí)刻:He was paid by the hour. 他按鐘點(diǎn)領(lǐng)薪。
house[haJs] n.[C]房子:It was a five-storeyed house. 這是一座5層樓房。
housewife[5haJs7waIf] n.[C]家庭主婦:She’s a bad housewife. 她不善于當家庭主婦。
housework[5haJs7wE:k] n.[U]家務(wù)勞動(dòng),家務(wù)活:You should help your mother with the housework. 你應該幫你母親做家務(wù)。
how[haJ] adv.怎樣,如何;多少:How is your mother? 你母親身體好嗎?
【短語(yǔ)】how far 多遠(距離) / how many 多少(修飾復數可數名詞) / how much 多少(修飾不可數名詞) / how old 幾歲,多大(歲數) / how long 多長(cháng),多久 / how often 每隔多久 / how soon 再過(guò)多久
however[haJ5evE] adv.無(wú)論如何;可是,仍然conj.不管用什么方法:However cold it is,she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷,她都會(huì )去游泳。/ However you come, be sure to come early. 不管你怎么來(lái),一定要早來(lái)。
huge[hju:dV] adj.巨大的:My family is very large. 我的家庭是個(gè)很大的家庭。
hundred[5hQndrEd] num.百:He was paid five hundred dollars. 他們付給了他500美元。
【用法】與具體數字連用時(shí),不用復數形式,但若表示泛指數時(shí),只用復數形式,且通常要有of短語(yǔ):hundreds of people 數百人
hunger[5hQNgE] n.[U]饑餓,饑荒 [C]渴望,盼望:Hunger reduced him to stealing. 饑餓迫使他偷竊。
hungry[5hQNgrI] adj.饑餓的:We had to go hungry. 我們只好挨餓。
hurry[5hQrI] v.& n.趕緊,急忙:I hurried to the ticket-office. 我趕緊到售票處。
【短語(yǔ)】hurry up 趕緊,快點(diǎn) / in a hurry 匆忙地
hurt[hE:t]v. (hurt, hurt)使受傷,傷害,疼痛:I won’t hurt you. 我不會(huì )傷害你。/ You’ve hurt his feelings. 你傷害了他的感情。
husband[5hQzbEnd] n.[C]丈夫:husband and wife 夫妻
I
I[aI] pron.我:I’m ashamed of what I did. 我對我的行為感到羞愧。
ice[aIs] n. [U]冰 [C]一份冰淇淋:Two ices, please. 來(lái)兩份冰淇淋。
ice-cream[5aIskri:m] n.[C]冰淇淋:A chocolate ice-cream, please. 請給我一份巧克力冰淇淋。
idea[aI5dIE] n. [C]主意,想法:The idea sounds great. 這主意聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯。/ You have no idea (of) how worried I was! 你不知道我有多著(zhù)急!
【用法】其后習慣上不接不定式作定語(yǔ),遇此情況可用of doing sth:I hate the idea of moving. 我討厭搬家。
if[If] conj.如果;是否:Keep your coat on if you feel cold. 如果你感覺(jué)冷大衣不要脫。/ He asked if I would show him the way. 他問(wèn)我是否可以給他帶路。
【短語(yǔ)】even if 即使,縱使 / as if 好像,似乎 / if not 如果不是那樣的話(huà) / if so 如果是那樣的 / if only 只要;但愿,要是…就好了
ill[Il] adj.生病的,不健康的;不好的,有害的:He is ill with a bad cold. 他患重感冒。
【用法】表示“有病的”,一般只用作表語(yǔ);表示“不好的”,一般只用作定語(yǔ)。
【辨析】ill與sick:見(jiàn)sick。
illness[5Ilnis] n. [C,U]疾?。?/span>She was weak after her illness. 她病后很虛弱。
imagine[I5mAdVIn] vt.想像,設想:I can’t imagine what has happened. 我想像不出發(fā)生了什么事。
【用法】1.后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ),通常用動(dòng)名詞,不用不定式:Can you imagine living without electricity? 你能想象沒(méi)有電的生活嗎? 2.可說(shuō) imagine sb (sth) to be,但通常不說(shuō) imagine sb (sth) to do(可將不定式改為動(dòng)名詞):Don’t imagine yourself to be always correct. 不要認為你總是對的。/ Can you imagine John cooking the dinner? 你能想像約翰做飯的情形嗎?
immediate[I5mi:djEt] adj.立即的;目前的:He made no immediate answer. 他沒(méi)有立即回答。/ My immediate problem was to get money. 我當前的問(wèn)題是找錢(qián)。
immediately[I5mi:djEtlI] adv.立即,馬上 conj.一…就:I should act immediately. 我應該立即行動(dòng)。/ I came immediately you called. 你一來(lái)電話(huà)我就來(lái)了。
importance[Im5pC:tEns] n.[U]重要性:It’s an invention of great importance. 這是一項非常重要的發(fā)明。
important[Im5pR:tEnt] adj.重要的:The book is important to [for] me. 這本書(shū)對我很重要。/ It is important (for us) to learn English well. 學(xué)好英語(yǔ) (對我們)很重要。
【用法】在It’s important 后接that從句時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣:It is important that he (shoud) work hard. 他用功是很重要的。
impossible[Im5pRsEbl] adj.不可能的:It’s impossible (for us) to finish the work in a week. 要(我們)在一周之內完成此工作是不可能的。
【用法】it’s impossible后接that從句時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣:It is impossible that he (should) go home. 他不可能會(huì )回家去。/ It is impossible that he should have gone home. 他不可能回家去了。
improve[Im5prU:v] vt.改進(jìn),改善,提高:You can improve your English by reading more. 多看書(shū)可以提高你的英語(yǔ)水平。
【注意】1.本身已包含有better的意思,所以不與better連用。2. improve on [upon] 的意思不是“在…有改進(jìn)”,而是指“對…改進(jìn)”或“比…更好”:He has never improved on his first book. 他再也沒(méi)有寫(xiě)出比他的處女作更好的書(shū)來(lái)。
in [In] prep.在,在…之內(上),在…期間,從事于,符合,穿著(zhù),按照adv.在家;在內,向內:The train will arrive in a few minutes. 火車(chē)過(guò)幾分鐘就到。/ The losses were nine in ten. 損失了十之八九。/ You must pay the bill in cash. 你必須用現金付賬。/ The woman in white is his wife. 穿白衣的那個(gè)女人是他的妻子。/ His life is in danger. 他有生命危險。/ Be careful (in) crossing the street. 過(guò)街道要小心。
inch[IntF] n. [C]英寸(1 foot=12 inches):Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他會(huì )得寸進(jìn)尺。
include[In5klu:d] vt.包括:His writings include poetry and a novel. 他的作品包括詩(shī)歌和一部小說(shuō)。/ I include him among my friends. 我把他當作朋友。
【用法】1.后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ),用動(dòng)名詞形式:Your duties will include putting the children to bed. 你的職責包括照顧孩子就寢。2.注意以下同義句:We all went including me.= We all went me included. 所有人都去了,包括我在內。
income[5InkQm] n. [C,U]收入:He has a five figure income. 他有五位數的收入。
【用法】可受 large, high, small, low 等的修飾,但習慣上不用 much, little。
increase[In5kri:s] v.增加,增多,增大 n. [C,U]增加:The population of the city has increased by 20 per cent. 這座城市的人口增加了20%。
indeed[In5di:d] adv.的確;真正地,確實(shí):I was indeed very glad to hear the news.我聽(tīng)到這消息的確很高興。
【用法】主要用于受very修飾的形容詞或副詞后加強語(yǔ)氣。有時(shí)也用于肯定答語(yǔ)中或感嘆句中加強語(yǔ)氣。
India[5IndjE] n.印度:India is the home of elephants. 印度是大象的生長(cháng)地。
Indian[5IndjEn] n.[C]印度人,印第安人adj.印度(人)的,印第安人的:The Indian people remain in deep poverty. 印第安人仍處于極端貧困狀態(tài)。
industry[5IndEstrI] n.[C,U]工業(yè);勤奮:Trade helps the development of industry. 貿易促進(jìn)工業(yè)的發(fā)展。/ He won the prize through industry. 他靠勤奮獲獎。
infer[In5fE:] vt.推斷:I infer from your letter that you have not made up your mind yet. 我從你信中推斷,你還沒(méi)有下決心。
information[7InfE5meIFEn] n. [U]信息;通知,告知:information desk 問(wèn)訊處
ink[INk] n.[U]墨水:Please write in ink. 請用鋼筆寫(xiě)。
inside[In5saId] n. [C]內部 adv.& prep.在內部;在…里面:There is a label on the inside of the box. 盒子內側有個(gè)標簽。
insist[In5sIst] v. 堅持:I insist on your being there. 我堅持要你在那里。
【用法】1.其后不能直接跟名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ),也不能接不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。后接名詞時(shí)借助介詞on,后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用on doing sth:He insisted on this point. 他堅持這一點(diǎn)。/ He insisted on seeing us home. 他一定要送我們回家。2.后接that從句時(shí),若表示“堅持要”(從句所指內容只是想法,不是事實(shí)),從句謂語(yǔ)用“用should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣;若表示“堅持說(shuō)”(從句內容不是想法,而是事實(shí)),從句謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣:I insisted that he (should) go. 我一定要他去。/ I insisted (that) he was wrong. 我堅持認為他錯了。
instead[In5sted] adv.代替:If you cannot go, let him go instead. 如果你不能去,讓他替你去。
【短語(yǔ)】instead of 代替,而不是:Use eggs instead of meat. 用雞蛋代替肉。
institute[5InstItjU:t] n.[C]學(xué)會(huì ),協(xié)會(huì ),學(xué)院,(研究)所、院:an institute of foreign languages 外國語(yǔ)學(xué)院 / the Women’s Institute 婦女協(xié)會(huì )
instruction[In5strQkFEn] n.[U]教導,教授 [C]命令,指示 (用復數)說(shuō)明:Mr Smith gives instruction in English. 史密斯先生教授英語(yǔ)。/ You must obey my instruction. 你必須遵守我的命令。/ Read the instructions on the bottle before you take the medicine. 吃藥前先看藥瓶上的說(shuō)明。
interest[5Intrist] n.[C,U]興趣;利息 [C,常用復]利益 vt.使…感興趣:They have much [a great] interest in poetry. 他們對詩(shī)歌很感興趣。/ He lent me the money at 5% interest. 他以五分的利息借給我這筆錢(qián)。/ Football interests him. 他對足球感興趣。
【比較】be interested in (doing) sth與be interested to do sth:前者指“對做某事感興趣”,后者指“很想做某事”:They are interested in learning drawing. 他們對學(xué)繪畫(huà)感興趣。/ I’d be interested to hear your opinion about this. 我很想聽(tīng)聽(tīng)你對這事的意見(jiàn)。
interesting[5IntrIstIN] adj.有趣的,引起興趣的:Tell us something interesting. 給我們講點(diǎn)有趣的事。
international[7IntE(:)5nAFEnEl] adj.國際的:international law 國際法
interrupt[7IntE5rQpt] v.打斷,打擾;中斷:Don’t interrupt me. 別打斷我。/ Rain interrupted our baseball game. 下雨中斷了我們的棒球比賽。
into[5IntJ] prep.到…內,向內;變成:Throw it into the fire. 把它扔進(jìn)火里。/ That woman screamed into my face. 那個(gè)女人對我的臉尖叫。/ The dish broke into many pieces. 碟子打成了許多小塊。/ He worked far [deep, late] into the night. 他工作到深夜。/ He talked his wife into buying a car. 他說(shuō)服他妻子買(mǎi)一輛小汽車(chē)。/ He divided the students into six groups. 他把學(xué)生分為6組。
【說(shuō)明】在口語(yǔ)中,be into 可表示“給迷住”、“對…深感興趣”:He is into stamp collecting. 他非常喜歡集郵。
introduce[7IntrE5dju:s] vt.介紹,引進(jìn):Permit me to introduce myself. 請允許我介紹自己。
【說(shuō)明】1.不能后接雙賓語(yǔ),要表示給某人介紹他人,應用introduce sb to sb:He introduced his friend to me. 他把朋友介紹給我。2. introduce sb to sth 的意思不是“把某人介紹給某事物”,而是“使某人了解(認識、體驗)某事物”:The teacher introduced the students to the pleasure of reading. 老師讓學(xué)生們嘗到了讀書(shū)的樂(lè )趣。
invent[In5vent] vt.發(fā)明,創(chuàng )造;捏造,編造:Who invented the television? 電視是誰(shuí)發(fā)明的? / The whole story was invented. 整個(gè)故事是虛構的。
invite[In5vaIt] vt.邀請,招待:He invited me to dinner. 他邀請我參加宴會(huì )。/ They invited her to go for a walk. 他們請她一起去散步。/ He didn’t invite us (to come) in. 他沒(méi)有請我們進(jìn)屋。
iron[5aIEn] n.[U]鐵 [C]熨斗 v.熨燙:We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵。/ She’s ironing his shirt. 她在燙他的襯衫。
island[5aIlEnd] n. [C]島,島狀物:Hainan is China’s second largest island. 海南是中國第二大島。
it[It]pron.(指事物)它,(當性別不明或被認為不重要時(shí),指動(dòng)物或人)它,(用作各種無(wú)人稱(chēng)動(dòng)詞形式的主語(yǔ)以及用于強調句型等):It’s a nice watch. 是塊漂亮的表。/ It is raining. 正在下雨。/ It’s in this room that he was born. 他就是在這個(gè)房間出生的。/ It’s nice to see you again. 又見(jiàn)到你真是太好了。
itself[It5self] pron.它自己,它本身:The work itself is easy. 這工作本身很容易。
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