短文改錯專(zhuān)項題例析
1. 著(zhù)手篇章，了解大意
考生做短文改錯時(shí)，不應急于改錯，而應先把文章瀏覽一遍，弄清文章的脈絡(luò )層次和中心思想，把握作者所采用的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數?？梢韵劝讯涛闹忻黠@的錯誤(如固定詞組、詞性、單復數)或認為有可能的錯誤(如句子結構的錯誤)用鉛筆輕輕地標出來(lái)，為下一步正式改錯做準備。
2. 逐句分析，依句改錯
在短文改錯中，題隨行出、錯隨句生。因此，考生應在略讀全文、把握文章中心思想的基礎上，對文章進(jìn)行逐行逐句研究，從詞匯的用法、句子的結構到文章的篇章邏輯都要進(jìn)行仔細地推敲，把錯誤之處一一改正過(guò)來(lái)，切不可孤立地依行改錯。若一時(shí)發(fā)現不了錯誤，不要揪住一處不放而耽擱太多時(shí)間?？梢栽谌母耐暌院?，再回過(guò)頭來(lái)進(jìn)行難點(diǎn)突破。若已改出了八、九處錯誤，剩余一兩處實(shí)在找不出錯誤而時(shí)間又來(lái)不及時(shí)，則大膽地打上鉤，不留空白。當然，有些考生在考試過(guò)程中由于緊張而脾氣急躁，一看找不到錯處就打勾，這也是不明智的。因為近幾年來(lái)，該題的出題方式基本穩定，只有一處是正確的。
3. 復讀全文，檢查核對
考生在做完短文改錯題后，務(wù)必要把已改好的短文復讀一遍，查看是否出現疏漏或遺漏的地方，特別要注意時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、代詞所指及人稱(chēng)和數等篇章邏輯方面的問(wèn)題，檢查無(wú)誤后方可定稿作答。
2011高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯分類(lèi)解析—名詞
一、考點(diǎn)規律分析
短文改錯的名詞考點(diǎn)主要涉及名詞的單復數問(wèn)題，即在該用復數的地方誤用其單數，或在該用單數的地方誤用其復數。
二、真題單句歸納
(1) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. (waters 改為water，因“水”為物質(zhì)名詞，不可數) (全國卷)
(2) We climb everywhere, not only in
(3) There are branch library in many villages. (library 改為 libraries，因其前的謂語(yǔ)are為復數) (全國卷)
(4) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. (times 改為 time，some time 意為“某時(shí)”) (全國卷)
(5) Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family. (去掉time，因first 已含有“次”的意思) (全國卷)
(6) They were eager to know everything about
(7) We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. (subject 改為 subjects，因 a few 后應接復數可數名詞) (全國卷)
(8) …and often watch football match on TV together. (match 改為 matches) (全國卷)
(9) Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (return改為 returns，many happy returns of the day! 為祝賀生日的慣用表達) (北京春季卷)
(10) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. (schoolmate 改為 schoolmates，因校友不只一個(gè)，另外根據其后的 all 也可推知) (全國卷)
(11) I used to love science class — all of them— biology, chemistry, geography, physics. (class 改為 classes，指其后提到的所有課程) (北京春季卷)
(12) They did not want me to do any work at family. (family 改為 home，因 at home 為固定短語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(13) …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject 改為 subjects，請注意前面的 all) (全國卷)
(14) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (picture 改為 pictures，picture 作為可數名詞，其前應有限定詞，或為復數形式) (全國卷)
(15) No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. (program 改為 programs，從句意上看，此處應用復數) (北京春季卷)
(16) Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word 改為 words，注意其后的復數動(dòng)詞) (全國卷)
(17) You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.”(month 改為 months，因 several 后要用可數名詞的復數形式) (江蘇卷)
(18) …but after class we become stranger at once.(stranger改為strangers，由本行前面的we可知應該用名詞復數) (全國卷)
(19) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. (minute改為minutes，因為a few后面的名詞一定是復數) (廣西卷)
(20) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby…(age改為ages，因談到不止一個(gè)人的年齡，age用復數；of all ages指各個(gè)年齡階段的人 (浙江卷)
(21) She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when… (homeworks改為homework，因它是不可數名詞，沒(méi)有復數形式) (福建卷)
(22) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改為knowledge，因 knowledge是不可數名詞，沒(méi)有復數形式) (湖北卷)
三、模擬單句演練
(1) Women live longer than men in most country.
(2) The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.
(3) It’s said that all the ticket have been sold out.
(4) The children spend a lot of times watching TV.
(5) I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.
(6) The flower in the park were all pleasing.
(7) As the day went by, she became less anxious.
(8) Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country.
(9) It’s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read.
(10) He made his first time visit to
(11) Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear.
(12) He hasn’t lived here long, but he has a great many friend here.
(13) I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there.
(14) He’s getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.
(15) There’s a paper’s factory near our school.
【參考答案】
(1) country 改為 countries，因其前的most 意為“大多數”。
(2) time 改為 times，many times 意為“許多次”。
(3) ticket 改為 tickets，因它是可數名詞，且受 all the 的修飾。
(4) times 改為 time，因 time 表示“時(shí)間”時(shí)不可數。
(5) peoples 改為 people，因 people 表示“人們”，本身是復數，其后不能再加詞尾-s。（注：復數的peoples 表示不同的民族）
(6) flower 改為 flowers，因為其后的謂語(yǔ)為復數。
(7) day 改為 days，句意為“隨著(zhù)時(shí)間的推移，她變得不那么焦急了”，此處的 day 應用復數。
(8) computer 改為 computers，根據句意和其后的謂語(yǔ) are，可知 computer 要用復數。
(9) book 改為 books，因 one of 后表示范圍的名詞要用復數。
(10) 去掉 time，his first visit 即為他第一次訪(fǎng)問(wèn)，其中已包含“次”的概念。
(11) tear 改為 tears，因 tear 為可數名詞，不要誤認為它是不可數名詞。
(12) friend 改為 friends，因a great many 后要接復數名詞。
(13) family 改為 home，leave for home 意為“動(dòng)身回家”。
(14) furnitures 改為 furniutre，因它是不可數名詞。
(15) paper’s 改為 paper，表示“紙廠(chǎng)”、“紙花”、“紙飛機”等，直接用 paper 作定語(yǔ)。
2011高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯分類(lèi)解析----代詞
一、考點(diǎn)規律分析
短文改錯對代詞的考查主要涉及人稱(chēng)代詞的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和單復數的一致性)、人稱(chēng)代詞的主格與賓語(yǔ)變化、各類(lèi)代詞的誤加與漏用(尤其是一些易受漢語(yǔ)影響的結構)、某些不定代詞的用法(尤其是在意思上用錯)、代詞在某些習語(yǔ)中的用法等。
二、真題單句歸納
(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. (去掉 it，因它與其前的關(guān)系代詞 which 語(yǔ)義重復) (全國卷)
(2) When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. (head 前加 his，漢語(yǔ)可“搖頭”，而英語(yǔ)的習慣要說(shuō) shake one’s head) (全國卷)
(3) We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. (They 改為 We，前后人稱(chēng)不一致) (全國卷)
(4) And I can’t forget the good food you cooked for I. (I 改為 me，因介詞之后的人稱(chēng)代詞要用賓格) (全國卷)
(5) I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon. (去掉 both。因 both 與后面的 two 意義重復，況且詞序安排也不對) (全國卷)
(6) The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his 改為 their，因前面的 the Smiths 指的是“史密斯夫婦”或“史密斯一家”，是復數意義) (全國卷)
(7) And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. (they 改為 we，根據句意，主從句的主語(yǔ)應該一致) (全國卷)
(8) Now I can’t watch much television, but a few years ago… (去掉 much，因為從下文看作者現在根本就不看電視) (全國卷)
(9) Now someone at home reads instead. (someone 改為 everyone 或 everybody。從全文語(yǔ)義來(lái)看，應為“每一個(gè)人”) (全國卷)
(10) I’m spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. (去掉 all，因 all 與 whole 語(yǔ)義重復) (北京春季卷)
(11) The day before the speech contest(比賽) English teacher talked to me. (English 前加 my，teacher 為單數可數名詞，前面要有限定詞) (全國卷)
(12) I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the world works. (it 改為 they，因它表示 those classes) (北京春季卷)
(13) …in any other words, I am an only child. (去掉 any，因 in other words 為固定短語(yǔ)，意思是“換句話(huà)說(shuō)”) (全國卷)
(14) For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place I couldn’t find. (them 改為it，因它指代上文提到的a chocolate cake) (北京春季卷)
(15) Then he ate it all, by himself. He never helped other. (other改為others，others 泛指“其他人”) (北京春季卷)
(16) The three of them were very excited. (them 改為 us，因短文用的是第一人稱(chēng)) (全國卷)
(17) But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college is the only place for a smart boy like his son. (his 改為 their，因要與其前的 his parents 保持一致) (安徽春季卷)
(18) According to studies, any children spend more time watching television than they spend in school. (any 改為 many / some，由句意決定) (北京春季卷)
(19) …and tried to translate anything into English. (anything 改為 everything，根據上下文句意確定) (全國卷)
(20) …as I was learning to express me in simple English. (me 改為 myself，express oneself 為固定結構，意為“表明意思、意見(jiàn)，表達思想”) (全國卷)
(21) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (showed 后加 it，showed 在此作及物動(dòng)詞，后面缺少賓語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(21) At once I apologize and controlled me at my best till the dinner started. (me 改為 myself，根據主語(yǔ)和句意，此處應用反身代詞) (江蘇卷)
(22) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own (your 改為 their，主語(yǔ)是 more and more people，故用代詞their) (浙江卷)
(23) If any one of us had any difficulty in our life or study, the other would help him out.(other 改為 others，因為當某個(gè)人遇到困難時(shí)，“其余的所有人”都會(huì )幫他，而不是“另外的那一個(gè)人”會(huì )幫他) (天津卷)
(24) What’s more, you have to be friendly with your pupils and take good care of him. (him 改為 them，因為此處要代替的是 your pupils) (湖北卷)
三、模擬單句演練
(1) Here are some letters for you and he.
(2) She loves swimming. It keeps she fit.
(3) Here are the cats Auntie brought us. Take good care of it.
(4) Everyone here gets up earlier than her does.
(5) Here is my dog. It’s name is Petty.
(6) He opened mouth as if to say something.
(7) Don’t lose your heart. Try again.
(8) The Smiths have been married, but have no children of his own.
(9) I tell him everything, for he is a good friend of me.
(10) He smiled at her and laid her hand on hers.
(11) When you are away from home, you should look after you.
(12) If you have any question, put up hand.
(13) It’s a very important thing. You must think over carefully.
(14) I don’t like these; please show me some other.
(15) In order to catch the thief, the police did his best.
(16) This is the book which you bought it for me ten years ago.
(17) I’m very sorry about all the whole thing.
(18) When I got up, I found parents were preparing breakfast for me.
(19) Yes, money is very important, but it is not anything.
(20) At the airport, all his baggage was stolen, but soon he got them back.
【參考答案】
(1) he 改為 him，因與you并列用作介詞 for 的賓語(yǔ)。
(2) she 改為 her，因用作動(dòng)詞 keeps 的賓語(yǔ)。
(3) it 改為 them，因它指代前面的cats。
(4) her 改為 she，因其后有動(dòng)詞 does。
(5) It’s 改為 Its，it’s = it is / it has，而 its 意為“它的”。
(6) mouth 前加his，按英語(yǔ)習慣，此物主代詞不能少。
(7) 去掉 your，比較：lose heart意為灰心，lose one’s heart意為愛(ài)上。
(8) his 改為 their，因其前相應的名詞 the Smiths(史密斯夫婦)表復數。
(9) me 改為 mine，a friend of 后習慣上名詞性物主代詞，不接人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格形式。
(10) 將 her hand 中的 her 改為 his，句意為“他對她笑了笑，把他的手放在她手上”。
(11) 將最后一個(gè) you 改為 yourself，look after oneself 意為“自己照顧自己”。
(12) hand 前加 your，否則不合英語(yǔ)習慣。
(13) think 后加 it，因 think over 為及物動(dòng)詞。
(14) other 改為 others，指另外的一些；若指另外的一個(gè)，可用 another。
(15) his 改為 their，指代前面的 the police(它永遠表復數意義)。
(16) 去掉 it，因 it 與 which 語(yǔ)義重復。
(17) 去掉 all，因它與 the whole 語(yǔ)義重復。
(18) parents 前加 my，否則不符合英語(yǔ)習慣。
(19) anything 改為 everything，否則語(yǔ)意不通。
(20) them 改為 it，因 baggage 為不可數名詞。
2011高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯分類(lèi)解析-冠詞
一、考點(diǎn)規律分析
短文改錯對冠詞的考查主要涉及冠詞的誤加和漏用，有時(shí)也考查不定冠詞與定冠詞以及零冠詞的用法區別(包括 a 與 an 的區別)。其中，涉及最多的是，當一個(gè)單數可數名詞表示泛指時(shí)，其前漏用不定冠詞；另外，冠詞在一些習語(yǔ)中的用法也是一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)。
二、真題單句歸納
(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (a 改為 an，因 hour 讀音以元音開(kāi)頭) (全國卷)
(2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. (the 改為 a，因此處并非特指，而是泛指) (全國卷)
(2) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. (去掉 the，因這里的 books 表泛指，不表特指) (全國卷)
(3) Good health is person’s most valuable possession. (person’s 前加 a，這里的 a 表泛指) (全國卷)
(4) Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. (去掉 the，因health 表泛指) (全國卷)
(5) There is public library in every town in Britain. (public library 前加 a，因這里的 public library 是單數可數名詞表泛指，故在其前用 a) (全國卷)
(6) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. (a 改為 the，因從含義上看，此處的 winter holidays 屬特指或者是談話(huà)雙方都知道的) (全國卷)
(7) Today I visited the Smiths — my first visit to a American family. (a 改為 an，因 American 的讀音以元音開(kāi)頭) (全國卷)
(8) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (captain 前加冠詞 the，captain 為特指) (全國卷)
(9) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (the 改為 one，one 與下一行的 another 構成“一個(gè)……另一個(gè)”) (全國卷)
(10) I’ll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (wonderful 前加 a，該表達與 have a good time 類(lèi)似，其中的 a 不可省) (北京春季卷)
(11) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (去掉 a，catch sight of 是習語(yǔ)，意為“看見(jiàn)、瞥見(jiàn)”) (全國卷)
(12) For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery(奧秘). (去掉 the，rain 在此泛指) (北京春季卷)
(13) We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改為 the，因 same 前應用定冠詞) (全國卷)
(14) As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.(在 famous 前加 a，注意 mountain 是單數可數名詞) (全國卷)
(15) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. (my diary 改為 a diary，keep a diary 意為“寫(xiě)日記”) (全國卷)
(16) When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. (boy 前加 a，因 boy 為可數名詞) (江蘇卷)
(16) On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. (a 改為 the，因這不是泛指的周末，而是特指本周周末)(四川卷)
(17) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of their own and discover an interest which can even last lifetime. (lifetime 前加a，指人的一生是 a lifetime) (浙江卷)
(18) Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. (fire 前加 the，因這是特指的一場(chǎng)火災) (福建卷)
(19) As we all left home at early age,… (early前加an，at an early age意為“在年幼時(shí)”) (天津卷)
(20) My grandma was the best cooker in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. (cooker 改為cook，比較：cook=炊事員，cooker=炊具) (江蘇卷)
三、模擬單句演練
(1) Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.
(2) It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.
(3) It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella.
(4) My friend Mary comes from an European country.
(5) Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.
(6) In small village like this, everybody knows everybody else.
(7) Only few of the children can read such books.
(8) For long time neither of us spoke to each other.
(9) Look, a girl in blue is my cousin.
(10) Look! A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful.
(11) She asked whether we came from a same city.
(12) The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round.
(13) You don’t know what wonderful time we’ve had.
(14) People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes.
(15) Soon the plane was out of the sight.
(16) Great changes have taken the place in my hometown since 1978.
(17) In the word, he is a good student and all of us like him.
(18) You say you took the book without his permission. In the other words, you stole it.
【參考答案】
(1) nurse 前加 a，因 nurse 為可數名詞。
(2) such 后加 a，dinner 受形容詞修飾時(shí)，其前通常要加不定冠詞。
(3) a 改為 an，因 umbrella 的讀音以元音開(kāi)頭。
(4) an 改為 a，因 European 的讀音不是以元音開(kāi)頭。
(5) physics 前加 a，因 teacher 為可數名詞。
(6) small 前加 a，因 village 為可數名詞，在句中表泛指。
(7) few 前加 a，因其前有 only 修飾，即習慣上說(shuō) only a few。
(8) long 前加 a，a long time 意為“很長(cháng)一段時(shí)間”。
(9) a 改為 the，此處為特指用法。
(10) 第二個(gè) A 改為 The，特指前面已提到的事物。
(11) a 改為 the，因 same 前習慣上用定冠詞，不用不定冠詞。
(12) 去掉 the，在此 snow 為泛指用法。
(13) wonderful 前加 a，因 have a wonderful time 為習慣表達。
(14) 去掉 the，因 make fun of 為習語(yǔ)，意為“取笑”。
(15) 去掉 the，因 out of sight 為習語(yǔ)，意為“看不見(jiàn)”。
(16) 去掉 the，因 take place為習語(yǔ)，意為“發(fā)生”。
(17) the 改為 a，因 in a word 為習語(yǔ)，意為“總之”、“一句話(huà)”。
(18) 去掉 the，因 in other words 為習語(yǔ)，意為“換句話(huà)說(shuō)”。
2011高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯分類(lèi)解析-形容詞與副詞
一、考點(diǎn)規律分析
短文改錯對形容詞與副詞的考查主要涉及形容詞和副詞比較等級的誤用(尤其是在本身已是比較級的詞前誤加more)、形容詞與副詞的混用(如修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)誤用形容詞或修飾名詞時(shí)誤用副詞)等，另外，用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)該用形容詞的卻誤用了名詞、簡(jiǎn)短副詞(如 in, down 等)的誤加與漏用、涉及形容詞搭配的as…as 結構、how 與 what 的混用等也是?？嫉目键c(diǎn)。
二、真題單句歸納
(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (frightening 改為 frightened，因它表示某人感到害怕，而不是令人害怕) (全國卷)
(2) Charles said, “As soon as I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it. (realy 改為 really 或 real，若改為 really，則修飾 tall；若改為 real，則修飾 building) (全國卷)
(3) Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. (taller 改為 tallest，因從含義上看此處應是最高級) (全國卷)
(4) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. (去掉 more，因為 longer 本身已是比較級，不能再受 more 修飾) (全國卷)
(5) Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives. (Therefore 改為 However，因此處語(yǔ)意轉折) (全國卷)
(6) People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. (so long as 改為 as long as，其意為“與……一樣長(cháng)”) (全國卷)
(7) In some places you may borrow many books as you want. (many 之前加 as，因as ... as 結構不完整) (全國卷)
(8) I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends here that a great time I had. (that 改為 what) (全國卷)
(9) I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. (去掉 much，因 much 不能用來(lái)修飾形容詞的原級，盡管它可用來(lái)修飾比較級和最高級) (全國卷)
(10) I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully 改為 wonderful，因它是放在名詞前作定語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(11) First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉 more，因從上下文看，這是第一次給對方寫(xiě)信，不存在談?wù)?#8220;更多情況”的問(wèn)題) (全國卷)
(12) I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting 改為 interested，be interested in 意為“對……感興趣”) (全國卷)
(13) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. (important 改為 importance，teach 后可接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不接形容詞作賓語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(14) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate 改為 Unfortunately，因此處要求用副詞作狀語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(15) I think I liked those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. (what 改為 how，how 在此表示方式) (北京春季卷)
(16) After learning the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me. (practically 改為 practical，此處用形容詞作表語(yǔ)) (北京春季卷)
(17) Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. (去掉 often，因句中的whenever 與 often 意義重復) (全國卷)
(18) What things are in other homes, I wonder. (What 改為 How，句意為“不知其他家庭的情況是怎樣的”) (全國卷)
(19) For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four o’clock in the morning. (loudly 改為 loud，與 strong 并列作定語(yǔ)，修飾 music) (北京春季卷)
(20) But he is difference now. (difference改為different，即用形容詞作表語(yǔ)) (北京春季卷)
(21) The time passes quickly. Evening came down. (去掉 down，要表示“夜幕來(lái)臨”，直接說(shuō) Evening came 即可) (全國卷)
(22) …although radios can be very noise. (noise 改為 noisy，即用形容詞作表語(yǔ)) (北京春季卷)
(23) …all planned and written by grown-ups to make children want things that they don’t real need. (real 改為 really，修飾動(dòng)詞要用副詞) (北京春季卷)
(24) But one of the best players in our team told me just then that he wouldn’t play basketball any more. (then 改為 now，just now 為習語(yǔ)，意為“剛才”) (安徽春季卷)
(25) But one of the best players in our team told me just now that he wouldn’t play basketball once more. (once 改為 any，not … any more為習語(yǔ)，意為“不再”) (安徽春季卷)
(26) I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (quietly 改為quiet，and連接并列成分quite和shy) (全國卷)
(27) Finding information on the Net is easily. (easily改為easy，作表語(yǔ)要用形容詞) (年廣西卷)
(28) Yes, a concert can be very excited. (excited改為exciting，表示某事物是“令人興奮的”用exciting；表示某人“感到興奮”才用excited) (四川卷)
(30) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. (interested 改為 interesting，指某事物是“令人有趣的”，用interesting，表示某人“對…感興趣”時(shí)，用interested) (浙江卷)
(31) She called 119 immediate. (immediate改為immediately，用作狀語(yǔ)，要用副詞) (福建卷)
(32) However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. (helplessly改為helpless，在系動(dòng)詞felt后作表語(yǔ)，要用形容詞) (年天津卷)
三、模擬單句演練
(1) I’ll try to be more carefully next time.
(2) China is much more bigger than the United States.
(3) There are few boys than girls in our class.
(4) He says that skiing is much exciting than skating.
(5) The more money you make, the most you spend.
(6) He found someone was following her, so she felt frightening.
(7) It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself.
(8) In fact, we finished the work without any difficult.
(9) Look at the asleep boy. How lovely!
(10) The fish tastes well; why not have a try?
(11) Last week was very rain. I didn’t go out the whole week.
(12) The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.
(13) I promise to return back before 10.
(14) The book contains much use information. It’s well worth reading.
(15) This is quite far the mostly expensive bicycle in the shop.
(16) The workers warm welcomed us at their offices.
(17) Oh, it’s simply wonderfully to see you here!
(18) She is in more health now than she was last year.
【參考答案】
(1) carefully 改為 careful，用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
(2) 去掉more，more 不能修飾比較級。
(3) few 改為 fewer，注意句中的 than。
(4) 將 much 改為 more，或在 much 后加more，此句涉及 skiing 與 skating 的比較。
(5) most 改為 more，the more…the more… 意為“越……越……”。
(6) frightening 改為 frightened，frightening表示“令人害怕的”、“恐怖的”；frightened表示“感到害怕的”。
(7) real 改為 really，修飾形容詞用 really，不用 real。
(8) difficult 改為 difficulty，用名詞形式作介詞 without 的賓語(yǔ)。
(9) asleep 改為 sleeping, asleep 為表語(yǔ)形容詞，不用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。
(10) well 改為 good, nice 等，taste 在此為連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
(11) rain 改為 rainy，此處用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
(12) 去掉 down，因 set 相當于 go down，本身就包括了 down。
(13) 去掉 back，或將 return 改為 come / be。因 return 相當于 come back 或 be back。
(14) use 改為 useful，用形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。
(15) mostly 改為 most，most 在此用于構成最高級。
(16) warm 改為 warmly，修飾動(dòng)詞要用副詞，不用形容詞。
(17) wonderfully 改為 wonderful，用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
(18) more 改為 better，為 in good health 的比較級形式。
2011高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯分類(lèi)解析-介詞
一、考點(diǎn)規律分析
短文改錯對介詞的考查主要涉及在及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)誤加介詞和在不及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)漏加介詞、可直接用作狀語(yǔ)的副詞短語(yǔ)前誤加介詞、介詞與其他詞的常用搭配、常用介詞的基本用法、習語(yǔ)中的介詞用法等。
二、真題單句歸納
(1) Bill insisted in staying near the car. (in 改為 on，insist on 為固定搭配) (全國卷)
(2) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. (at 改為 of，catch sight of是習語(yǔ)，意為“看見(jiàn)”) (全國卷)
(3) When I have free time I go a long walk. (go 后加 for，go for a walk 是習語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(4) When they came down the police were angry to them. (to 改為 with，要表示對某人生氣，英語(yǔ)習慣上用be angry with sb) (全國卷)
(5) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (去掉 for，因其前的 get 是及物動(dòng)詞) (全國卷)
(6) …and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular. (books for 改為 books on，此處的 on 意為“關(guān)于”) (全國卷)
(7) I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting. (去掉 about 或將 about 改為 that，因動(dòng)詞 knew 后可直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)需用介詞) (全國卷)
(8) It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. (for 改為 of，注意句型 It’s kind of sb to do sth) (全國卷)
(9) In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year. (去掉 in，在由 next, this, last 等構成的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)中，一般可直接用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，無(wú)需加 in, on, at 這樣的介詞) (全國卷)
(10) We practise for three times every week. (去掉 for，在表示頻率的名詞前通常不加介詞) (全國卷)
(11) We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (instead 后加 of，instead of 為復合介詞，在此表示“而不是”) (全國卷)
(12) Unfortunately, there are too many people among my family. (among 改為 in，in my family 意為“在我家里”) (全國卷)
(13) I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing…(a lot 后加 of，因 a lot 不能直接修飾名詞) (全國卷)
(14) Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday. (on 改為 for，thanks for doing sth 意為“因某事而感謝某人”) (北京春季卷)
(15) So I’m really sorry that I won’t be able to come in this time. (去掉 in，因 this time 可直接用作狀語(yǔ)) (北京春季卷)
(16) …but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. (去掉 about，因 about 后沒(méi)有接賓語(yǔ)，about 屬多余) (全國卷)
(17) For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o’clock in the morning. (去掉 on，因 one night 可直接用作狀語(yǔ)) (北京春季卷)
(18) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉 at，the moment 在此用作連詞，相當于 as soon as) (全國卷)
(19) His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination. (去掉 in，spend 是及物動(dòng)詞，其后可直接跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)) (安徽春季卷)
(20) I feel sorry to him. (to 改為 for，be / feel sorry for sb 意為“為某人感到難過(guò)”) (安徽春季卷)
(21) Because so much viewing, children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. (Because 后加 of，因 so much viewing 相當于名詞) (北京春季卷)
(22) On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials…(On 改為 In，意為“在一年中”) (北京春季卷)
(23) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese… (去掉 that 前的 in，was 后是一個(gè)以 that 引導的賓語(yǔ)從句，in 是多余的) (全國卷)
(24) I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. (to 改為 at，laugh at 意為“嘲笑”) (全國卷)
(25) You can find all kinds information in just a few minutes on the Internet. (kinds 后加 of，a kind of 意為“一種……”，all kinds of…意為“各種各樣的……”) (廣西卷)
(26) But I have spent lots my money, … (lots后加of，lots / a lot后不能接名詞；后接名詞時(shí)，要用lots of…，a lot of…) (四川卷)
(27) …you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors’ Club…(去掉 in，表示“參加，加入”某個(gè)組織，join 后不要再加介詞 in；表示“參加”某項活動(dòng)時(shí)，才加 in) (浙江卷)
(28) We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. (on 改為 in，因為 have sth in common 是固定搭配，意為“有共同的……”) (福建卷)
三、模擬單句演練
(1) We must serve for the people heart and soul.
(2) I followed the man for a while, and saw him enter into the bank.
(3) Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim.
(4) I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.
(5) In English class, we often talk each other in English.
(6) Don’t talk. What the man says is well worth listening.
(7) The chair looks hard, but it is comfortable to sit.
(8) She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.
(9) I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday.
(10) Are you glad to be going to back to school?
(11) On his way to home, he met one of his old friends Jack.
(12) Please close the door at next time you come in.
(13) Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year.
(14) We can finish the work either this week or in next week.
(15) We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator.
(16) We could not have heard them because the noise from the river.
(17) Don’t be angry to me for not having written—I was really too busy.
(18) I’ve read a lot books about animals.
(19) He invited us to dinner, which was very kind for him.
(20) I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him.
(21) Don’t go by plane. It’s a lot of more expensive.
(22) Except milk and cheese, we all need vegetables.
(23) On my way back, I called at Mr Smith at his office.
【參考答案】
(1) 去掉 for，serve 表示“為……服務(wù)”，是及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)無(wú)需用介詞。
(2) 去掉 into，enter 表示“進(jìn)入”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)無(wú)需用介詞。
(3) 去掉 with，marry 表示“與……結婚”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)無(wú)需用介詞。
(4) 去掉 of，a great many后可直接跟名詞，無(wú)需用介詞。但若其后的名詞有the, these, my 等表特指的限定詞，則要用介詞 of，如 a great many of my friends。
(5) talk 后加 to，因 talk 為不及物動(dòng)詞。
(6) listening 后加 to，因what the man says 是 listen to 的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。
(7) sit 后加 on或 in，因為從邏輯上說(shuō)就是 sit on/in the chair。
(8) insisted 后加 on，insist 后可接從句作賓語(yǔ)，但不接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞等作賓語(yǔ)，遇此情況應用 insist on。
(9) 去掉 to，因 ask 是及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)無(wú)需用介詞。
(10) 去掉 back 前的 to，因 back 是副詞，其前不用介詞。
(11) 去掉 home 前的 to，因 home 是副詞，其前不用介詞。
(12) 去掉 at，因 next time 在此用作連詞，意為“下次”。
(13) 去掉 in，every year 可直接用作狀語(yǔ)，其前無(wú)需用介詞。
(14) 去掉 in，next week 可直接用作狀語(yǔ)，其前無(wú)需用介詞。
(15) instead 后加 of，instead of 為復合介詞，在此表示“而沒(méi)有”。
(16) because 后加 of，因其后接的是名詞，而不是句子。
(17) to 改為 with，要表示“對某人生氣”，用 be angry with sb，不用 be angry to sb。
(18) a lot 后加 of，a lot of 意為“許多”。
(19) for 改為 of，為 it is very kind of sb 的變體。
(20) 去掉 on，the moment 在此用作連詞，意為“一……就”。
(21) 去掉 of，a lot 修飾比較級，a lot of 修飾名詞。
(22) Except 改為Besides。比較：except 表示“除……外，不再有”，besides 表示“除……外，還有”。
(23) at 改為 on。比較：call at 后接某地方，call on 后接某人。
2011高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯分類(lèi)解析-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
一、考點(diǎn)規律分析
短文改錯對非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查主要涉及不定式符號 to 的有無(wú)，介詞后該使用動(dòng)詞的什么形式(用動(dòng)名詞)，并列結構中幾個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否一致，動(dòng)詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用何種形式(可用動(dòng)名詞或不定式，但不能用動(dòng)詞原形)等。
二、真題單句歸納
(1) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. (wanted 后加 to，因為want 后要接不定式) (全國卷)
(2) …rather than go into the forest and getting lost. (getting 改 get，因為 get 與其前的go 并列) (全國卷)
(3) David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. (leading 改為 lead，因為其前有助動(dòng)詞 would) (全國卷)
(4) I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. (stood 改為 stand，因為 to stand up 在此為不定式結構) (全國卷)
(5) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (climbed 改為 climb / climbing，若將 as well as 視為連詞，則將 climbed 改為 climb，因為它與其前的 do 并列；若將 as well as 視為介詞，則 climbing，因為介詞后動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞) (全國卷)
(6) Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. (去掉live 前的 to，因為 live 與其前的 know, have 并列) (全國卷)
(7) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. (improve前加to，to improve…為表目的的不定式短語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(8) …you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (send改為sending，因為介詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(9) …and let you to know when the book you want has returned (去掉 know 前的 to，因為其前有動(dòng)詞 let) (全國卷)
(10) I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. (have改為having，因為介詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(11) I had always wanted return to the village after moving away. (return前加 to，因為 want 后要接不定式) (全國卷)
(12) It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (drove改為 drive，因為 drive 與其前的 to meet 并列，此處的 drive 為省略 to 的不定式) (全國卷)
(13) I look forward to hear from you soon. (hear改為 hearing，因為其前的 to 是介詞) (全國卷)
(14) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (第一個(gè)play改為 playing，因為動(dòng)詞原形不能用作主語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(15) I was often a little tired after a day’s work and watch TV demands very little effort. (watch改為 watching，因為動(dòng)詞原形不能用作主語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(16) I’d like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning. (come 前加 to，因為 would like 后接不定式) (北京春季卷)
(17) I’ll spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. (prepare 改為 preparing，因為它與其前的 reading 并列，與其前所用的動(dòng)詞 spend 有關(guān)) (北京春季卷)
(18) But then there is always more mysteries look into. (look 前加 to，此處為不定式作后置定語(yǔ)) (北京春季卷)
(19) After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me. (learn 改為learning，因為介詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)) (北京春季卷)
(20) My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (make 前加 to，因為 to make… 在此用作目的狀語(yǔ)，注意句型 do all one can to do sth) (全國卷)
(21) He did not want share things with other people. (want 后加 to，因為want 后要接不定式) (北京春季卷)
(22) That is, a game of tennis making him very busy. (making 改為made，因為缺謂語(yǔ)，不能用非謂語(yǔ)形式，根據上下文用一般過(guò)去時(shí)) (北京春季卷)
(23) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改為 visited，因為它與其前的 fed 和其后的 told 并列) (全國卷)
(24) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (go 改為 going，因為動(dòng)詞原形不能用作主語(yǔ)) (安徽春季卷)
(25) …children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (read 改為 reading，因為介詞后要接動(dòng)名詞) (年北京春季卷)
(26) …to make children to want things that they don’t really need.(去掉 want 前的 to，因為 want…在此用作使役動(dòng)詞 make 的賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)) (年北京春季卷)
(27) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. (talk 改為 talking，因為動(dòng)詞 enjoy 后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(28) Shake her head, she said, “It isn’t a good time to do that, dear.” (Shake 改為 Shaking，現在分詞表伴隨) (江蘇卷)
(29) It’s like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books. (have 改為 having，介詞后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)) (廣西卷)
(30) I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum and some parks. (visit 改為 visiting，因visit與making并列，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)) (四川卷)
(31) I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.(giving 改為 given，“把某物給某人”是give sth to sb；句中records與give是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞)
(32) I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls. (give改為giving，因它與standing并列，作dream of的賓語(yǔ))
三、模擬單句演練
(1) In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day.
(2) It’s very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.
(3) It was silly of you believe what he said.
(4) He was made wash the boss’s car once a day.
(5) I’ll let you to know as soon as I hear from her.
(6) I waved to her but failed attract her attention.
(7) I have already seen the film twice. I don’t want see it any more.
(8) What I want know is when all this happened.
(9) It was clear that he wanted be alone.
(10) Most children are interested in listen to stories.
(11) Walk quickly is difficult for an old man.
(13) Be careful in cross the street.
(14) The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice.
(15) Find work is very difficult these days.
(16) Most of us students enjoy ask questions in English.
(17) Look, some of my classmates are practising speak English over there.
(18) Teach a child to sing and dance is very interesting.
(19) Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it.
(20) My friend Jim is very good at making things and repair things.
(21) He decided to go to the south, find a good job and living there.
(22) It was very kind of you to buy us some much fruit and seeing us at the station.
(23) Excuse me, would you to tell me the way to the zoo?
【參考答案】
(1) work 前加 to，此句為 force sb to do sth 的被動(dòng)形式。
(2) learn 前加 to，此句用的是 it’s difficult for sb to do sth 句型。
(3) believe 前加 to，此句用的是 it’s silly of sb to do sth 句型。
(4) wash 前加 to，make sb do sth 中的 do 不能帶to，但若 make 用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則其后的 do 要帶 to。
(5) 去掉 to，因為 let 后用作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)的不定式不能帶 to。
(6) attract 前加 to，fail to do sth 意為“未能做某事”。
(7) see 前加 to，want(想要)后接動(dòng)詞要用不定式。
(8) know 前加 to，want(想要)后接動(dòng)詞要用不定式。
(9) be 前加 to，want(想要)后接動(dòng)詞要用不定式。
(10) listen 改為 listening，介詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
(12) Walk 改為 Walking，用作主語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用動(dòng)詞原形。注意不能將 walk 視為名詞，因為其后有副詞修飾語(yǔ) quickly。
(13) cross 改為 crossing，介詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
(14) see 改為 seeing，worth 后接動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞形式。
(15) Find 改為 Finding，用作主語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用動(dòng)詞原形。
(16) ask 改為 asking，enjoy 后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞形式。
(17) speak 改為 speaking，practise 后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞形式。
(18) Teach 改為 Teaching，用作主語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用動(dòng)詞原形。
(19) Learn 改為 Learning，用作主語(yǔ)要用動(dòng)名詞，不用動(dòng)詞原形。
(20) repair 改為 repairing，因它與 making 并列，一起用作介詞 at 的賓語(yǔ)。
(21) living 改為 live，因它與其前的 go to…, find… 并列。
(22) seeing 改為 see，因它與 to buy 并列，see 為省略 to 的不定式。
(23) 去掉 tell 前的 to，因 would you… 后應接動(dòng)詞原形，不接不定式。
2011高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯分類(lèi)解析-動(dòng)詞
高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯考點(diǎn)類(lèi)析•動(dòng)詞用法
一、考點(diǎn)規律分析
此考點(diǎn)歸納的是除動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之外的動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)，它包括被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞形式的變化、動(dòng)詞用法辨析、動(dòng)詞 be 的誤加與漏用等。
二、真題單句歸納
(1) He lied down by the side of the path to rest. (lied 改為 lay，lie 表示“躺”時(shí)，其過(guò)去時(shí)是 lay) (全國卷)
(2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (seeing 改為 seen，因為從含義上看，此處謂語(yǔ)應用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) (全國卷)
(3) Books may be keep for four weeks. (keep 改為 kept，因此處要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) (全國卷)
(4) …and let you know when the book you want has returned. (returned 之前加 been，因從句意上看，此處要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) (全國卷)
(5) Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. (go 改為 come，由句意可知) (全國卷)
(6) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (eager 前加were，因此處缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) (全國卷)
(7) I’d like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (to 后加 be / become，因 would like后要接不定式，根據句意此處應加 be / become) (全國卷)
(8) What your favourite sport? (what 后加 is 或將 What 改為 What’s，此句缺謂語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(9) I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football. (use to 改為 used to，此為習語(yǔ)，意為“過(guò)去經(jīng)常”) (全國卷)
(10) I was used to watch it every night. (去掉 was，因 used to do sth 是固定表達，意為“過(guò)去常常做……”) (全國卷)
(11) There will an important game next month. (will 后加be，此處缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) (安徽春季卷)
(12) Because of so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. (去掉 be，因它與其后的動(dòng)詞 develop 相沖突) (北京春季卷)
(13) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. (去掉 should，因 put 和 followed 是平行結構，作并列謂語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(14) As we were all left home at an early age. (去掉were，因句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞left，“我們離開(kāi)家”又是主動(dòng)，不能再加be) (天津卷)
(15) I often dream of a teacher. (a teacher 前加上 being 或 becoming。根據后文的內容看來(lái)，作者不是夢(mèng)見(jiàn)老師，而是自己夢(mèng)想“成為”一名教師) (年湖北卷)
(16) Without enough knowledges, you can never learn well.(learn改為teach，因上句講“為了教好，教師不得不學(xué)”，此句便是“沒(méi)有學(xué)問(wèn)，就決不會(huì )教好”) (年湖北卷)
三、模擬單句演練
(1) I want to know how long the book can be keep.
(2) Don’t worry. Your child is well looking after here.
(3) All the invitations must sent out today.
(4) You are an expert on this. You might invited to speak at the meeting.
(5) The public have a right to know what in the report.
(6) What the English for this? Can anyone tell me?
(7) He says that he likes singing and that he wants to a singer.
(8) He is a nice girl. You’re certain to happy with her.
(9) I use to play tennis a lot but I don’t play very often now.
(10) He has changed a lot. He is not what he was used to be.
(11) It was very cold. The snow lied thick on the ground.
(12) There will have an English film in the school hall tonight.
(13) After that, the boy decided not to a sailor.
(14) After supper, my father would go out for a walk and then come back to see newspapers.
(15) Hear to me carefully. What I’m saying is very important.
【參考答案】
(1) keep 改為 kept，根據句意，此處應用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
(2) looking 改為 looked，根據句意，此處應用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
(3) sent 前加 be，根據句意，此處應用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
(4) invited 前加 be，根據句意，此處應用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
(5) what 后加 is 或 將 what 改為 what’s，因此句缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
(6) What 后加 is 或 將 What 改為 What’s，因此句缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
(7) to 后加 be或be come，其意為“成為”。
(8) to 后加 be，happy 用作 to be 的表語(yǔ)。
(9) use 改為 used，used to 意為“過(guò)去經(jīng)常”。
(10) 去掉 was，used to 表示今昔對比，be used to 表示“習慣于”。
(11) lied 改為 lay，lie 表示“說(shuō)謊”時(shí)，是規則動(dòng)詞；表示“躺”、“保持”等，是不及物規則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為 lay, lain。
(12) have 改為 be，為 there be 的將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
(13) to 后加 be / become，否則意思不完整。
(14) see 改為 read，“看報”習慣上用動(dòng)詞 read。
(15) Hear 改為 Listen。listen to 表示注意聽(tīng)，側重過(guò)程；hear 表示聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，側重結果
2011高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯分類(lèi)解析-主謂一致
一、考點(diǎn)規律分析
從廣義來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)中的一致問(wèn)題涉及多個(gè)方面，如主謂一致、人稱(chēng)的一致、并列結構的前后一致等。由于人稱(chēng)的一致已歸入“代詞”考點(diǎn)、并列結構的前后一致已分別歸入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)等，所以這里只歸納主謂一致問(wèn)題。
二、真題單句歸納
(1) Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. (was 改為 were，因先行詞 two men 是復數，所以修飾該先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應用復數) (全國卷)
(2) Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (give 改為 gives，它與makes 為平行結構，構成并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞) (全國卷)
(3) Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. (is 改為 are，因主語(yǔ)是 my picture and the prize，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復數) (全國卷)
(4) But then there is always more mysteries to look into. (is 改為 are，因其后的 mysteries 為復數，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復數) (北京春季卷)
(5) But not all information are good to society. (are改為is，因為主語(yǔ)是不可數名詞information，表單數) (廣西卷)
(6) So then, a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. (cost改為costs，因主語(yǔ)是單數a concert，根據全文用的都是現在的時(shí)態(tài)，故用一般現在時(shí)) (年四川卷)
(7) If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money. (are改為is，因為在there be結構中的be用is還是用are，由緊跟在be后的那個(gè)名詞的單復數來(lái)決定，此處no need是單數，所以用is) (四川卷)
(8) …you will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors’ Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. (exist改為exists，因主語(yǔ)which是指the Stamp Collectors’ Club，這是單數，所以用exists) (浙江卷)
(10) One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. (was改為were，因為主語(yǔ)their parents是復數，所以不用was要用were) (年福建卷)
三、模擬單句演練
(1) Her parents were in Shanghai, and so was his.
(2) As is known to us all, remembering English words are not easy.
(3) The police was looking for the murderer everywhere in the city.
(4) Writing English and speaking it is different things.
(5) It is the parents and their son who wants to buy the bicycle.
(6) What he said at the meeting were very important to us.
【參考答案】
(1) was 改為 were，因其主語(yǔ) his 為 his parents 之略，為復數。
(2) are 改為 is，句子主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) remembering English words，故其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數。
(3) was 改為 were，police 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總是用復數。
(4) is 改為 are，因句子主語(yǔ)為復數。
(5) wants 改為 want，此句為強調句，強調的是主語(yǔ) the parents and their son，為復數。
(6) were 改為 was，名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數。
2011高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯分類(lèi)解析-時(shí)態(tài)
一、考點(diǎn)規律分析
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)主要涉及一般現在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去的區別，其命題方式通常是在一個(gè)一般現在時(shí)的背景下誤用某個(gè)一般過(guò)去時(shí)；或者反過(guò)來(lái)，在一個(gè)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的背景下誤用某個(gè)一般現在時(shí)。從所涉及的動(dòng)詞來(lái)看，主要涉及be 和 have兩個(gè)常用動(dòng)詞。有時(shí)也涉及其他時(shí)態(tài)，如一般將來(lái)時(shí)，現在完成時(shí)等，但很少見(jiàn)。
二、真題單句歸納
(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop…(stop改為stopped) (全國卷)
(2) …and had returned to the car! Bill is standing at the side of the car (is 改為 was) (全國卷)
(3) Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the…(hurry 改為 hurried) (全國卷)
(4) Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (第二個(gè)is 改為 was) (全國卷)
(5) Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases. (had 改為 have) (全國卷)
(6) Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (cost 改為 costs) (全國卷)
(7) If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. (去掉 will) (全國卷)
(8) I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. (is 改為 was) (全國卷)
(9) They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. (have 改為 had) (全國卷)
(10) I learn about you from my English teacher, Miss Fang. (learn 改為learned) (全國卷)
(11) My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. (was 改為 is) (全國卷)
(12) I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing and there was no way of settling the matter except by selling the set. (am 改為 was) (全國卷)
(13) I’d like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. It is a very… (had 改為have) (北京春)
(14) I remembered her words and calm down. (calm改為calmed)(全國卷)
(15) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to… (did 改為 do) (全國卷)
(16) He said he is busy. (is 改為 was) (北京春)
(17) On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. (passes 改為 passed) (全國卷)
(18) But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. (was 改為 is) (安徽卷)
(19) At once I apologize and controlled myseff at my best till the dinner started.(apologize改為 apologized) (江蘇卷)
(20) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. (talked改為 talk) (全國卷)
(21) She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbor’s house. (find改為 found) (福建卷)
(22) We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. (treat改為 treated) (天津卷)
(23 I am always young when I was staying with them. (am改為 was) (湖北卷)
三、模擬單句演練
(1) Just now Jim tells me his mother was ill.
(2) I phone the other students a moment ago.
(3) We often played together when we are children.
(4) What are you doing when I called you?
(5) I see you in the park. You were talking to a pretty girl.
(6) She doesn’t hear the doorbell, for she was watching TV.
(7) We’ll stay at home playing cards if it will rain tomorrow.
(8) Please let me know if you will have any trouble.
(9) He hurt his back when he is playing football with his classmates.
(10) I’ll write to him when I finished the book.
(11) Charles worked hard since leaving school.
(12) In fact, I am very thin when I was young.
(13) He is kind to me. Although he is very busy, he still came to see me.
(14) How long have you been here? How did you like our city?
(15) As is known to us all, the earth turned around the sun.
(16) I’m interested in English, so I spoke it better than the others do.
(17) Don’t worry about it. I promise you I come to help you.
(18) Now everything is dear. Even a small piece of bread cost one yuan.
(19) Remember to turn off the lights before you will leave.
(20) I forget to tell him the news. Shall we telephone him now?
【參考答案】
(1) tell 改為 told，因句中有表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)just now(剛剛)。
(2) phone 改為 phoned，因句中有表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)a moment ago。
(3) are 改為 were，因主句謂語(yǔ)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
(4) are 改為 were，因從句謂語(yǔ)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
(5) see 改為 saw，因下文用了 were talking。
(6) doesn’t 改為 didn’t，因下文用了 was watching。
(7) 去掉if從句中的 will，因條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義。
(8) 去掉 will，因條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義。
(9) is 改為 was，因主句中的hurt為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
(10) finished 改為finish，或在 finished 前加 have。即在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義，但這里也可用現在完成時(shí)表示完成。
(11) worked 前加has，句中的 since 表示“自從……以來(lái)一直……”，即表示從過(guò)去持續到現在的一段時(shí)間，故用現在完成時(shí)。
(12) am 改為 was，根據從句中的一般過(guò)去時(shí)可知 am 應改為 was。
(13) came 改為 comes，根據前面的兩處一般現在時(shí)可知。
(14) did 改為 do，根據前面的現在完成時(shí)可知“你”現在還在我們城市，故后面一句問(wèn)的是“你”現在對我們城市的看法。
(15) turned 改為 turns。本句敘述的是客觀(guān)真理，故用一般現在時(shí)。
(16) spoke 改為 speak。全句敘述的是現在的情況。
(17) come 前加 will，根據句意，此處應是將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。
(18) cost 改為 costs，句子講述的是現在的一般情況。
(19) 去掉 will，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義。
(20) forget 改為 forgot，根據句意，此題的“忘記”應是指過(guò)去忘記。
2011高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯分類(lèi)解析-從句及并列連詞
一、考點(diǎn)規律分析
短文改錯對從句引導詞的考查主要涉及根據句意正確選用引導詞、引導詞的誤加與漏用、將不是從句的東西誤認為是從句而誤加引導詞等。
二、真題單句歸納
(1) In the last five years that they’ve climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. (去掉 that，因此處的 in the last five years 為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其后無(wú)需用that) (全國卷)
(2) Charles said, “As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it.（I 前加 as，因為 as soon as 為引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的引導詞）(全國卷)
(3) Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (since 改為 when / if / whenever。從句意上看此處用 since 講不通，改為 if / when / whenever 均可) (全國卷)
(4) However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. (there 改為 where，where 在此引導定語(yǔ)從句) (全國卷)
(5) …in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels. (去掉 where，in other places 在此為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(6) …in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels. (that 改為 which，因介詞后要用 which 來(lái)引導定語(yǔ)從句) (全國卷)
(7) …and whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (whether 改為 if，表示“如果”時(shí)，不能用 whether) (全國卷)
(8) I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (去掉 when 或將 when 改為 that，因這里的定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(spent)缺賓語(yǔ)，故只能用關(guān)系代詞 that或將其省略) (全國卷)
(9) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where 改為 which，因此處要填關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)) (全國卷)
(10) …but it didn’t matter that I would win or not. (that 改為 whether，whether 與 or not 搭配，表示“是否”) (全國卷)
(11) I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. (as 改為 that，so…that…為固定句式，其中的 that 引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句) (全國卷)
(12) In one class, I learned it rained. (it 前加why，why 在此表原因) (北京春季卷)
(13) For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put it in a secret place where I couldn’t find. (where 改為that / which，或去掉 where，I couldn’t find 為修飾 place 的定語(yǔ)從句，其前用關(guān)系代詞，也可省略) (北京春季卷)
(14) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (we 前加 when，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句缺少連詞引導) (全國卷)
(15) Besides, I have few friends, I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. (that 改為 why，why 引導賓語(yǔ)從句，表示原因) (年全國卷)
(16) I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (who’s 改為 whose，因who’s=who is，不僅結構錯誤，而且意思也不通；whose 引導定語(yǔ)從句，表示“……的”) (福建卷)
(17) It has been five years when we graduated, but those memories are as sweet as ever before. (when 改為 since，It is / has been +時(shí)間段+since(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是短暫性動(dòng)詞)是固定句型，意為“自……以來(lái)有多久了”) (年天津卷)
三、模擬單句演練
(1) He is the man his car was stolen.
(2) That’s the hotel which we were staying last summer.
(3) That’s the palace where we visited last summer.
(4) I suddenly woke up in mid-night. And it was a long time I got to sleep again.
(5) In the past few years when we’ve planted thousands of trees along the river.
(6) At the airport where all the baggage must be examined.
(7) He wrote me a letter and asked I was getting on.
(8) She stayed in France for 10 years. That’s she spoke French so well.
(9) It’s really a beautiful place, where everyone hopes to visit.
(10) It cost nothing. Anyone can get it unless he likes it.
【參考答案】
(1) his 改為 whose，whose 在此引導定語(yǔ)從句。
(2) which 改為 where，where引導定語(yǔ)從句且在從句中用作狀語(yǔ)；此題還可在staying后加in。
(3) where 改為 which / that，也可去掉 where，因visit為及物動(dòng)詞，此處應用關(guān)系代詞作其賓語(yǔ)（也可省略）。
(4)第二個(gè) I 前加 before，此句意為“過(guò)了好久我才又睡著(zhù)”。
(5) 去掉 when，否則全句沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)。
(6) 去掉 where，否則全句沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)。
(7) asked 后加 how，否則句意不通。
(8) That’s 后加 why，否則句意不通。
(9) where 改為 which，which 在此引導非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中用作賓語(yǔ)(用作 visit 的賓語(yǔ))。
(10) unless 改為 if，否則句意不通。
高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯考點(diǎn)類(lèi)析•并列連詞
一、考點(diǎn)規律分析
短文改錯對并列連詞的考查主要涉及and, but, or, so 等幾個(gè)表示并列、轉折、選擇、因果等關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)。嚴格說(shuō)來(lái)，這類(lèi)錯誤主要屬于行文邏輯的錯誤。
二、真題單句歸納
(1) We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (and 改為 but，因此處語(yǔ)意轉折) (全國卷)
(2) I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had. (all 前加 and，表示并列關(guān)系) (全國卷)
(3) It is a very important exam but I can’t afford to fail it. (but 改為 and / so，此處表因果關(guān)系，并非轉折關(guān)系) (北京春季卷)
(4) She was smiling but nodding at me. (but 改為 and，因此處并無(wú)轉折之意) (全國卷)
(5) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (and 改為 or，a visitor 和 a guest 應是選擇關(guān)系，意思是“好像我的父母親把我當作一個(gè)來(lái)訪(fǎng)者或一個(gè)客人”)
(6) The food was expensive and the service was good. (and 改為 but，此處意義發(fā)生轉折) (全國卷)
(7) I’m the captain of our school team so with my fellow players we’ve won several games. (so 改為 and，表并列關(guān)系) (安徽春季卷)
(8) My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.(but 改為and，此處表示并列，而不是轉折) (江蘇卷)
(9) So once you’ve started collecting seriously, you… (So 改為 But，因為前后是轉折關(guān)系) (年浙江卷)
(10) Clever as she is, but she works very hard. (去掉but，因前面已有引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞 as(=though 雖然)，千萬(wàn)不要受漢語(yǔ)句式“雖然……但是……”的影響，而重復用連詞) (福建卷)
(11) I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(but 改為and，因為 teach / play 與 watch 是并列關(guān)系，而不是轉折關(guān)系) (湖北卷)
三、模擬單句演練
(1) Do you want a bath at once, and shall I have mine first?
(2) Are you going to clean your car before and after supper?
(3) Hurry up, and you’ll be late for school.
(4) She never said she was rich, and she was.
(5) Mr Smith worked very hard so without any success.
(6) Everyone asked me to go, but I went.
【參考答案】
(1) and 改為 or，or 在此表選擇。
(2) and 改為 or，or 在此表選擇。
(3) and 改為 or，or 在此表示“要不然”、“否則”。
(4) and 改為 but，but 在此表示轉折。句中的 she was 為 she was rich 之省略。
(5) so 改為 but，此處語(yǔ)意轉折。
(6) but 改為 so，so 在此表示因果關(guān)系。
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