青少年如何拒絕酒精誘惑
Most adventurous teenagers will occasionally have a drink. The majority will experiment and stop, or continue to use alcohol casually without significant problems. Sadly, some will develop a dependency and become physically, emotionally, and socially destructive to themselves for many years. Some will die, and some will cause others to die.
很多愛(ài)冒險的青少年偶爾會(huì )嘗點(diǎn)酒。他們中大多數人只是嘗嘗鮮，不會(huì )貪杯，或者他們雖然會(huì )時(shí)不時(shí)的喝酒，但也不致于到酗酒的嚴重地步。不幸的是，有部分人會(huì )染上酒癮，長(cháng)期對身體、心理、社交產(chǎn)生破壞性的影響。還有一些人因過(guò)度酗酒而死，或是因酒后犯事而致他人死亡。
A person’s best defense against teenaged alcoholism is a good offense! There are a number of steps people can take to help prevent a kid from crossing that line between experimentation and abusing alcohol:
呼吁抵制青少年酗酒就是最好的防御措施。大家可以通過(guò)以下方法去避免未成年人從試酒變成酗酒：
Give a kid the facts about alcohol. The "teachable years" of nine to eleven are probably the best time to start talking to your children. People can call (800) 359-TALK and receive two free booklets from the Anheuser-Busch Company that provide tips on discussing alcohol use with younger people. These excellent guides emphasize that people should give their teen's accurate information about alcohol. Simply telling them "not to drink" or that alcohol is evil does not work. Many teenagers drink as a dramatic way of asserting their independence from too demanding parents. A more positive approach is to tell young people that alcohol does have a place in society and then instruct them how to use it safely. Another free pamphlet is available by sending a self-addressed stamped envelope to the American Academy of Pediatrics, Department C - Alcohol: Your Child and Drugs, PO Box 927, Elk Grove, Illinois 60009.
讓孩子知道酒到底是什么。9-11歲這個(gè)時(shí)期孩子處于易于教導階段，是開(kāi)始給孩子這方面教導的最佳時(shí)機?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)撥打（800）359談話(huà)專(zhuān)線(xiàn)免費獲得安海斯布希飲料公司提供的關(guān)于跟未成年人討論飲酒問(wèn)題的兩本小貼士?jì)宰?。只是一味的命令他們不能喝酒或者說(shuō)喝酒不好是沒(méi)有用的。有許多青少年喝酒僅僅就是為了向過(guò)分要求他們的父母宣揚獨立這個(gè)可笑的理由。更實(shí)際的一個(gè)方法是告訴他們酒有一定的社會(huì )地位，從而引導他們怎樣安全飲酒。還可以通寄信到美國兒科學(xué)會(huì )部門(mén)C：《酒精：孩子與毒品》免費獲得小冊子。收信人：艾爾克格洛夫，地址：伊利諾斯州60009號，郵編：927。
Set a good example by being a positive role model. Research consistently shows that an adult's behavior has a more dramatic impact on young people than advice, and this is particularly true with alcohol use and abuse. Problem drinking by adolescents is most likely to occur when adults in the household use alcohol in excess. In addition, people who do not drink should know that their abstinence will not guarantee that a teen will not abuse alcohol.
家長(cháng)要給孩子們樹(shù)立好榜樣，不消極酗酒。研究表明成年人的具體行為比苦心忠告對孩子有更大的影響。在飲酒和酗酒問(wèn)題上家長(cháng)的行為也同樣對孩子產(chǎn)生極大的影響。青少年酗酒通常是家長(cháng)在家過(guò)度飲酒導致的惡果。此外，即使家長(cháng)不飲酒，也不代表孩子會(huì )因此不酗酒。
Point out the myths about alcohol portrayed in the media. Drinking is not an essential part of having fun, playing sports, or being "cool." Never make light of anyone getting drunk and reinforce the idea that this behavior is not an indicator of maturity.指出影視劇里面酒的真面目。喝酒并不是娛樂(lè )、體育、?？岬谋貍鋬热?。絕不要把喝酒當成是顯示成熟的標志，更不要讓這個(gè)想法發(fā)展下去。
Keep the lines of communication always open. This will let the teen know that they can discuss any problems so that their issues can be remedied before getting worse. This is not always easy for people, since the adolescent wants all the privileges of being an adult without accepting any of the responsibilities. Make an agreement that your teen can call anytime ("no questions asked") for transportation home instead of getting into a car with a driver who has been drinking.
保持通訊正常。這樣孩子知道有問(wèn)題的時(shí)候可以跟家長(cháng)討論，避免問(wèn)題惡化。這對家長(cháng)來(lái)說(shuō)不容易，因為青春期的孩子理所當然的要父母盡責卻不愿意承擔任何義務(wù)。在接送孩子回家的問(wèn)題上達成共識，孩子任何時(shí)候都可以打電話(huà)要求接送（不允許反對），避免孩子搭酒駕司機的車(chē)。
Help teens feel good about themselves. People who have a strong self-image are better able to say "no" and withstand peer pressure. While the development of a teen’s self-image begins long before adolescence, people can take measures to enhance their youngster’s self-image. Seek out areas in which the teenager is talented or unique and stimulate their interest in them. Remember to always criticize the action rather than the teen to preserve their self-esteem and lessen the chances of repeated behavior.
幫助孩子認識到自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。有強烈自我認識的孩子更容易拒絕喝酒，更能抵擋來(lái)自同輩的壓力。當青少年的自我認識在青春期之前形成時(shí)，家長(cháng)就可以想辦法增強孩子的自我認識。找出孩子擅長(cháng)或者獨特的地方，然后鼓勵他們往這些方面發(fā)展。要記住是批評他們做錯事，而不是指責孩子，不要損害到他們的自尊，從而減少再犯同樣錯誤。
People should prepare themselves for the fact that their teen will eventually try alcohol. This experimentation is a fact of life and should not be considered a reflection of poor parenting. Decide in advance how to handle the situation.
孩子總有一天會(huì )嘗試喝酒，家長(cháng)對此要做好心理準備。孩子試酒是無(wú)法改變的事實(shí)，不必把它當做教導不善的反映。要提早想好應對的方法。
Monitor the teen’s whereabouts. People should always know where their kids are when not in school. It is important to get to know your teen’s friends and also their parents. Parents can combat teen drinking without making their teen a social outcast by joining other parents and having "alcohol-free" parties.
了解孩子的去向。家長(cháng)要知道孩子放學(xué)后都會(huì )去哪里玩。這對了解孩子的朋友及他們的家長(cháng)十分重要。家長(cháng)可以跟其他家長(cháng)一起舉辦無(wú)酒聚會(huì )，這樣孩子既不會(huì )被排擠，也不會(huì )沾上酒。
Demand state legislators close loopholes that make it harder for minors to buy alcohol. Favor stronger laws that require parents in whose home underage drinking takes place and bartenders who serve teens liable for accidents caused by intoxicated youngsters. But remember, don’t expect legislation to stop underage drinking. Prohibition did not work either.要求國家執法部門(mén)限制酒類(lèi)銷(xiāo)售，使未成年人難買(mǎi)酒。利用法律的強制力規定未成年人在家或是在酒吧醉酒所發(fā)生的事故由其家長(cháng)或是有關(guān)酒吧服務(wù)員負責。但要記住，不要指望法律去制止未成年人喝酒。禁酒令也沒(méi)有辦法完全解決問(wèn)題。
Help your child overcome peer pressure by developing effective decision making skills. Rather than giving advice or making demands, help adolescents in making decisions and anticipating the consequences. Teach your teen that saying "no" is a sign of maturity and that true friends will respect their decision.
培養孩子有效決策的能力，幫助他們克服來(lái)自同輩的壓力。要幫助孩子做決定，考慮事情的后果，而不是一味的勸告和提要求。告訴孩子懂得說(shuō)“不”是成熟的標志，真正的朋友會(huì )尊重他們的決定。
Encourage positive "addictions." Supporting a young person’s involvement in hobbies, sports, the arts, and other activities can help prevent the teen from trying alcohol or other drugs out of sheer boredom.
鼓勵積極向上的嗜好。支持孩子們投入自己感興趣的、體育、藝術(shù)類(lèi)等一些能幫助他們擺脫因無(wú)所事事而試圖以喝酒解悶的活動(dòng)中。
Despite their apparent physical health, teens frequently engage in behaviors that increase their risk of physical harm, jeopardize their future, and upset their parents. In the midst of our nation’s war on drugs like cocaine and crack, everyone should place more attention on the rising tide of alcohol abuse by teenagers. Former Surgeon General Dr. Antonio Novello feels that "the true consequences of underage drinking go beyond crashes and cirrhosis of the liver. They include school dropouts, vandalism, theft, truancy, date rape, and death by overdose." It is unrealistic to think that alcohol use by teenagers will ever disappear, but parents can do a lot to significantly reduce adolescent alcohol abuse.
除了身體上受到傷害，青少年頻繁喝酒會(huì )增加對身體的危害，還會(huì )耽誤自己的未來(lái)，讓父母對自己失去信心。在我國大力查禁可卡因和搖頭丸等毒品的同時(shí)，青少年酗酒勢頭的迅速上升應引起足夠重視。前美國衛生署署長(cháng)安東尼奧諾瓦拉認為，未成年人酗酒的危害遠不止肝壞死或是肝硬化這些身體上的傷害，還有輟學(xué)、破壞公共財物、盜竊、逃課、強暴、嗑藥致死等嚴重后果。未成年人酗酒問(wèn)題最終會(huì )消失的想法是不切實(shí)際的，但家長(cháng)可以為減少青少年酗酒做出極大貢獻。
A TEENAGERS GUIDE TO HANDLING PEER PRESSURE
如何應對同輩勸酒的壓力
TACTIC
策略
ANSWER
回答
"Go ahead and have a drink. What’s the matter, are you scared?"
“走，我們喝一杯。不會(huì )不敢喝吧?"
"You must think I’m pretty stupid to fall for that line. It takes a lot more guts to do your own thing."
”你肯定會(huì )認為我太笨了，就為了這句話(huà)喝了酒。但做自己想做的事情需要很大的勇氣?！?b class="label bg2" jquery1321312132703="82">
"Come on, all the cool kids drink."
”來(lái)吧，喝酒真是酷斃了?！?b class="label bg2" jquery1321312132703="83">
"Maybe the kids who drink think they’re cool, but if they really were cool, maybe they would not have to try do hard!"
”也許喝酒的青少年認為自己很酷，但如果他們真的酷的話(huà)，也許他們不需要如此費心證明自己?！?b class="label bg2" jquery1321312132703="84">
"Hey, I’m your friend. Would I steer you wrong?"
“我們是哥們，難道我還會(huì )害你不成？”
"Friends are people who like you for who your are. If you are really a friend, respect my feelings."
”朋友是能夠接受最真實(shí)的你的人。如果你真是我的朋友，我想你會(huì )尊重我的選擇?！?b style="BACKGROUND: url(http://image42.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2011/11/1507/19278822_1.png) no-repeat left top" class="label bg2" jquery1321312132703="86">
"Do you want everyone to think you’re not with it?
“你真想讓每個(gè)人都覺(jué)得你是不合群的嗎？”
"Sure I care with other kids think of me, but if they base their opinions on stuff like drinking, their opinions are not worth very much."
“我當然在意別人對我的看法，但是如果他們以喝不喝酒這些事情去評判我，我不在乎他們怎么看我?！?/p>
"I bet you’re just scared your parents will find out you’re drinking."
"我敢打賭你肯定是怕被你爸媽發(fā)現你喝酒。"
"I would not blame my parents for getting angry. How can I expect them to treat me like an adult if I sneak around and act like a kid?"
“我家人生我的氣也是合情合理的。像這樣鬼鬼祟祟做事，像個(gè)長(cháng)不大的孩子，我還怎么能期望他們把我當成人看待呢？”
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