Sick of work? If you are held back by your organisation, it may be making you physically sick.
We're always hearing about how many billions it costs the economy when workers go off sick. Annually it could be as much as $350 billion in the US and $66 billion in the UK.
我們常常聽(tīng)到人說(shuō)，我們的財政有多少多少億花在了生病的雇員身上，實(shí)際上，美國每年花在這上面的錢(qián)大概就有3500億美金，而英國每年大概要花660億美金。
But what aspects of work make people sick?
但是是什么讓人們生病的呢？
Nixon (2011) looked at 72 studies of the effect of occupational stress on physical symptoms including headaches, backaches, sleep disturbances and gastrointestinal problems. Here are the associations with physical symptoms in decreasing order of strength:
Nixon （2011）對72例因工作壓力致病的情形進(jìn)行了研究，其中包括頭痛，背痛，睡眠障礙以及腸胃問(wèn)題，下面我們將按致病的嚴重程度排序，來(lái)對可能致病的工作壓力因素進(jìn)行說(shuō)明：
1. Organisational constraints
1. 組織約束
Overall the factor most strongly associated with physical symptoms was organisational constraints. These are the aspects of a workplace environment that stop you getting your job done. It could include things like not having the time, materials or the authority to reach the goals that have been set for you. It seems that this is likely to be the strongest cause of physical symptoms (although we can't say much about causality as this was a correlational study).The types of physical symptoms most associated with organisational constraints were tiredness and gastrointestinal problems.
總的來(lái)說(shuō)，最易致病的工作壓力因素是組織約束。在工作環(huán)境中，總是有著(zhù)方方面面的原因，讓你無(wú)法完成你的工作，無(wú)法達成預設目標，這可以是因為沒(méi)有時(shí)間，沒(méi)有資源，或者是沒(méi)有權限，類(lèi)似這樣的情況看起來(lái)是最主要的致病因素（我們無(wú)法判斷這樣情形的發(fā)生會(huì )有多么的頻繁，因為這只是一項相關(guān)性研究）。如果是因為組織約束致病，病理現象則常見(jiàn)于疲憊和腸胃問(wèn)題。
2. Role conflict
2. 角色沖突
This is where one boss tells you to do one thing and another tells you to do something else. Infuriating. This was most associated with gastrointestinal problems.
有的時(shí)候，你的老板會(huì )叫你去干一件什么活兒，而其他的人又需要你去干另外的什么活兒，這種情況相當讓人惱火，常常會(huì )導致腸胃問(wèn)題。
3. Interpersonal conflict
3. 人際沖突
Interpersonal conflict covers anything from rude or unthinking behaviour by co-workers up to all-out bullying. Interpersonal conflict was most associated with sleep disturbances.
人際沖突則包含了很多內容，從同事粗魯的不經(jīng)大腦的舉動(dòng)到赤裸裸的恃強凌弱，都屬于這個(gè)范疇。人際沖突常常會(huì )導致睡眠障礙。
4. Workload
4. 工作量
This is the first one that you might expect to appear higher up the list. We tend to think that it's having too much work that makes us ill. It certainly contributes but not as much as organisational constraints or role conflict. Unsurprisingly workload was most associated with fatigue.
也許你以為這一項會(huì )排的更靠前一些吧，哈哈。我們總是以為，太多的工作是讓我們生病的主要原因，這當然是原因之一，但是它還比不上組織約束和角色沖突。眾所周知，工作量主要會(huì )導致疲勞。
5. Role ambiguity
5. 職責不清
Role ambiguity occurs when you don't quite know what the job is. And when you don't know what's expected of you, the stress it causes is associated with illness. In fact in this analysis it was most associated with fatigue.
職責不清，也就是說(shuō)你不是很清楚這份工作到底是要做什么，而當你都不清楚自己的職責的時(shí)候，這樣的狀態(tài)所帶來(lái)的壓力常常也會(huì )致病。實(shí)際上，在這次的研究中我們發(fā)現，這是導致疲勞的主要原因。
6 & 7. Work hours & lack of control
6&7. 工作時(shí)長(cháng)及缺少管控
Work hours is most interesting because of how far down the list it comes. You might imagine that working hours would be at the top but it comes down at the bottom with lack of control, which had a similar association with physical symptoms. Both associations were weak, but still there.Work hours were most associated with eye strain while lack of control was most associated with backache and problems sleeping.
非常有趣，工作時(shí)長(cháng)排名竟然如此靠下，你也許會(huì )以為這一項會(huì )排在最前面的吧。工作時(shí)長(cháng)同缺少管控相似，它們與疾病之間的關(guān)系雖然較弱，但也仍然存在。工作時(shí)長(cháng)常常與眼疲勞有關(guān)，而缺少管控則常常會(huì )導致背痛及睡眠問(wèn)題。
Image credit: Peter Hellberg
攝影：Peter Hellberg
聯(lián)系客服
