牛津初中英語(yǔ)8B unit1—unit6 知識點(diǎn)歸納
Unit1
一.【精選詞匯】
㈠重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1. the changes to Sunshine Town陽(yáng)光鎮的變化→the changes to… …的變化 (p8)
〈知識鏈接〉change n.變化，常用復數changes。 e.g. Great changes have taken place since 1995.
2. in the southern part of town →in the southern part of…在…的南部→south →southern
〈知識鏈接〉east東部→eastern東部的, west →western, north →northern
3. in the past在過(guò)去→at present現在→in the future未來(lái)；將來(lái)，注意這些短語(yǔ)中的介詞和冠詞。
4. turn the place into a park →turn…into…把…變成…
〈知識鏈接〉①Heat turns water into vapor.熱使水變成蒸氣。②Turn this sentence into English.
5. play cards and Chinese chess打牌、下象棋，e.g. It’s pleasant to play cards and Chinese chess.
6. water pollution水污染→air pollution空氣污染，noise pollution噪音污染 (p9)
〈知識鏈接〉Water pollution was a problem before.
7. used to dump its waste into water →used to do sth過(guò)去常做某事，注意否定式、疑問(wèn)式的形式
〈知識鏈接〉⑴used to do sth →否定式used not to do sth或didn’t use to do sth→疑問(wèn)式Did sb use to do sth?或Used sb to do sth? ⑵There be和used to合用的形式為T(mén)here used to be。
根據要求進(jìn)行句型轉換：She used to teach history. ①否定式：She used teach history.或She didn’t teach history. ②疑問(wèn)式： she teach history?或Did she teach history?
〈用法拓展〉⑴be used to do sth＝be used for doing sth被用于做某事，e.g. Stamps are used to send letters.＝Stamps are used for sending letters. ⑵be/become/get used to sth習慣于某事，be/become/get used to doing sth習慣于做某事，e.g. ①My grandma used to live in the city but now she has got used to the country life. ②Tom is used to getting up early.
8. in some ways在某種程度上；在某些方面→in this way以這種方式
9. feel a bit lonely from time to time →from time to time＝at times＝sometimes有時(shí)；不時(shí)地
〈知識鏈接〉⑴a bit＋形容詞原級或比較級＝a little＋形容詞原級或比較級，有點(diǎn)…
⑵a bit of＋不可數名詞＝a little＋不可數名詞 e.g. a bit of water＝a little water
〈用法拓展〉not a little＝very非常，not a bit＝not…at all一點(diǎn)也不
10. throw away扔掉…→“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”結構，e.g. throw it/them away
11. have an interview with sb＝interview sb采訪(fǎng)某人；對某人面試；與某人面談 (p12)
〈知識鏈接〉①My parents have had an interview with my teacher. ②They interviewed 20 people for the job. ③There are a number of interviews with some famous football players.
12. the best model I have ever seen 我曾見(jiàn)過(guò)的最好的模型 (p17)
〈知識鏈接〉the＋形容詞最高級＋名詞單數＋sb have/has ever done，某人曾做過(guò)的最…的…
the most wonderful film (that) he has ever watched他看過(guò)的最精彩的比賽
〈用法拓展〉⑴ever通常用于疑問(wèn)句中或否定句中。e.g. ①Have/Has sb ever done sth?
②Nobody ever stepped in this cavern.沒(méi)人曾經(jīng)踏進(jìn)過(guò)這洞穴。
⑵ever since…自從…起到現在(用于現在完成時(shí))，for ever＝forever永遠；永久地
13. move into the new flats→move into…搬進(jìn)…，move out of…搬出… (p18)
14. lend me a book→lend sb sth＝lend sth to sb把某物借給某人，是“借出”。
〈知識鏈接〉borrow sth from sb向某人借某物，是“借入”。
15. a recent photo一張近期照片，write about the changes to Moonlight Town (p21)
16. a tourist attraction旅游勝地→attraction n. 吸引；向往的地方→attract vt.吸引→attractive有吸引力的①I(mǎi)t has become a new tourist attraction. ②Hepburn’s beauty and charm attracted Colette’s attention.
㈡詞匯解析
1. 常見(jiàn)的交通工具：bike/bicycle, bus, double-decker雙層巴士, coach長(cháng)途汽車(chē), tram有軌電車(chē), taxi, train, underground, light rail輕軌, plane, hot-air balloon熱氣球, aero done滑翔機
2. Using a dictionary: The words in a dictionary are in alphabetical order from “A” to “Z”. This helps us find the words we want quickly. If two words starts with the same letter, we look at the second letter to decide the alphabetical order. If the first two letters of two words are the same, we look at the third letter, and so on. e.g. The word “ball” comes before the word “banana”.
3. century＝one hundred years世紀；百年。⑴某世紀用序數詞。如：21世紀the twenty-first century。⑵“在某世紀”用介詞in，如：in the 20th century在20世紀。
二.【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. —Eddie, have you seen my food? —Yes, I’ve just eaten it. (p6)
2. You’ve changed, Eddie. You were kind. Now you’re not. I don’t want to play with you any more.
3. You’ve changed too. You always wanted to play with me. →always＋過(guò)去式＝used to do sth
4. Coaches have been in use/service in Beijing since 1958. →have been in use＝have been used
5. I moved here with my family when I was two years old and have lived here since then. (p8)
6. Have you ever moved house? →move house搬家
7. We lived till 1965, when I got married. →get married結婚→get/be married to sb與某人結婚
〈知識鏈接〉⑴marry sb與某人結婚，e.g. She married a football player. ⑵marry sb to sb把某人嫁給某人，e.g. He married his daughter to an actor. ⑶get/be married to sb和某人結婚，e.g. Yao Ming got married to Ye Li on 6 August, 2007. ⑷表示“已經(jīng)結婚”用have/has got married，表示“已經(jīng)結婚多久”用have/has been married for＋時(shí)間段或since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)。e.g. ①They have got married. ②They have been married for 5 years.不能說(shuō)成They have got married for 5 years.
〈用法拓展〉marriage n.婚姻e.g. They will celebrate their fifty years of marriage next month.
8. Has Sunshine Town changed a lot over the years? →change a lot變化大
〈知識鏈接〉over the years＝in the last/past years這些年來(lái)，這是現在完成時(shí)的一個(gè)標志。
9. There once was a shoe factory…. →There once was/were…＝Once there was/were…從前有…。
10. Later, the government realized it was a very serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution. →take action to do sth采取行動(dòng)做某事，reduce the pollution減少污染 (p9)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴action ①(拍攝影視時(shí)用語(yǔ))開(kāi)始 ②動(dòng)作，e.g. action film動(dòng)作片，action star動(dòng)作明星
⑵a very serious problem非常嚴重的問(wèn)題→problem(需要著(zhù)手解決的)問(wèn)題；難題，question(需要回答的)問(wèn)題 e.g. solve a Maths problem, answer my question
11. It is different for him to see some of them as often as before. (p12)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴It is＋adj.＋for sb to do sth. ⑵as often as before像以前一樣經(jīng)?！鷄s…as…
12. Things have changed a lot over the years.＝Great changes have taken place over the years.
13. When I was in primary school, my mother took me to school. → take sb to school送某人上學(xué)
14. I have the same feeling too. Do you sometimes stay after school to chat with friends? (p19)
15. The changes to Moonlight Town have brought advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people. (p22)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴bring advantages to …給…帶來(lái)好處，advantage優(yōu)點(diǎn)；有利條件→disvantage缺點(diǎn)；不利條件 ⑵cause problems for…給…帶來(lái)麻煩
Unit2
一.【精選詞匯】
㈠重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1. go on a trip to South Hill →go on a trip to…去某地旅游 (p24)
2. take you out for a few days帶你出去玩幾天→take sb out帶某人出去
3. go hiking, go skiing →go＋v-ing去做某事，see/enjoy the beautiful view觀(guān)看/欣賞美景 (p25)
4. a symbol of Japan →the symbol of…的象征，e.g. Red is the symbol of danger.紅色是危險的象征。
5. have a really fantastic time＝have a good/great/wonderful time＝have fun＝enjoy oneself (p26)
6. at the entrance在入口處 →at the exit在出口處
7. move at high speed高速運轉→at a speed of…以…的速度，at a speed of 100 km an hour
8. scream and laugh through the whole ride →through從物體的內部穿過(guò)
9. a fast food restaurant快餐店→fast food快餐，國際著(zhù)名快餐店：KFC肯德基，McDonald’s麥當勞
10. clap and stream with joy高興地拍手尖叫 →介詞短語(yǔ)with joy相當于副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。 (p27)
11. watch a three-D film，watch fireworks, look shiny and beautiful under the fireworks
12. in all總共；共計→first of all首先
13. scream with excitement興奮地尖叫→ with excitement＝excitedly激動(dòng)地；興奮地 (p28)
〈知識鏈接〉excite→excited興奮的→exciting令人興奮的；扣人心弦的；刺激的→excitement n.激動(dòng)，興奮→with excitement＝excitedly，be excited about (doing) sth對…興奮
14. a really delightful holiday and a meaningful experience一個(gè)高興的假期、一次有意義的經(jīng)歷
〈知識鏈接〉experience ⑴n.(C)經(jīng)歷；e.g. He had a pleasant experience in Hong Kong last year.
⑵n.(U)經(jīng)驗→experienced adj.經(jīng)驗豐富的，have experience in (doing) sth＝be experienced in (doing) sth在某方面有經(jīng)驗，e.g. ①He has experience in teaching English.＝He is experienced in teaching English. ②Dr Ma has much experience in eye operations.＝Dr Ma is experienced in eye operations. ③Chow Yun Fat is an experienced actor. He has acted in many action films.
15. buy a gift for my parents →buy sth for sb＝buy sb sth (gift比present高雅) (p33)
16. travel abroad到國外旅游→go abroad出國，e.g. He has gone abroad for further studies. (p35)
17. during this May Day holiday在“五一”假期里→during是介詞，后面不能接句子。
18. three and a half hours三個(gè)半小時(shí)→one/an hour一小時(shí)，half an hour半小時(shí)→one and a half hours一個(gè)半小時(shí)，two and a half hours兩個(gè)半小時(shí) (p38)
19. have a bird’s-eye view of Hong Kong →have a bird’s-view of…鳥(niǎo)瞰；俯視
20. a modern city of tall buildings with lights shining in the evening高樓林立、燈火輝煌的現代化城市 →with lights shining作后置定語(yǔ)，lights與shining是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
〈用法拓展〉He sleeps with windows closed.
21. the cultural centre of Hong Kong香港的文化中心→the cultural centre文化中心
〈知識鏈接〉culture n.文化→cultural adj.文化的 e.g. ①popular culture大眾文化 ②Venice is a beautiful city full of culture and history.威尼斯是一座具有深厚文化和歷史底蘊的美麗城市。
〈用法拓展〉nature →natural, centre→central
22. a good place to buy things，enjoy that day most, have great fun，a seafood restaurant, desserts and snacks，enjoy our trip to Hong Kong
㈡詞匯解析
1. popular tourist attractions(旅游勝地)：Mount Fuji富士山，the Great Wall，the Leaning Tower of Pisa比薩斜塔，the Little Mermaid小美人魚(yú)，the Statue of Liberty自由女神像，the Tower Bridge倫敦塔橋，Big Ben大本鐘，the Grand Palace(泰國)大王宮，the Pattaya Beach(泰國)芭堤雅海灘，Ocean Park(香港)海洋公園，Window of the World(深圳)世界之窗。 (p25)
2. Hong Kong Disneyland(香港迪士尼樂(lè )園)的四大主題公園(theme park)：Main Street USA(美國小鎮大街)，Tomorrowland(明日世界)，Fantasyland(幻想世界)，Adventureland(探險世界)。
3.⑴cheerful→cheerless, colourful→colourless, careful→careless, hopeful→hopeless
meaningful→meaningless, helpful→helpless, harmful→harmless, useful→useless
⑵delightful, wonderful, successful ⑶endless, noiseless＝quiet
二.【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. It must be fun. Can I join you?一定很有趣。我能和你一起去嗎？(p24)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must(表示推測)一定，用于肯定句，反義詞：can’t不可能。may可能，may not可能不。Probably, Perhaps, Maybe都是副詞，通常用于句首。
⑵join sb和某人一起做某事，e.g. Kitty joined them in the Disney parade.
2. I haven’t seen you since last month. →see是瞬間動(dòng)詞 (p26)
〈知識鏈接〉瞬間動(dòng)詞與表示一段時(shí)間的詞同時(shí)出現在現在完成時(shí)的否定句中，不能變?yōu)檠永m性動(dòng)詞。
3. I met many of my favourite Disney characters, such as Sleeping Beauty, Snow White, Alice and Cinderella, Mickey Mouse and all his friends were all there too.
4. I couldn’t stop taking photos with them. →can’t/couldn’t stop doing sth禁不住做某事
〈知識鏈接〉can’t/couldn’t help doing sth禁不住做某事，can’t/couldn’t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事。
〈用法拓展〉stop doing sth停止做某事，stop to do sth停下來(lái)去做某事。
5. The performers all wore different costumes and waved to people while they marched across the park, singing and dancing all the way. → all the way一路上 (p27)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴wave to sb向某人招手/揮手→wave n.波；波浪 ⑵march across…邁步穿越…
⑶singing and dancing all the way是現在分詞短語(yǔ)，作伴隨狀態(tài)。
6. I’m sure you’ll love it.你一定會(huì )喜歡的?！鶬’m sure that sb will do sth.＝Sb is sure to do sth.
〈知識鏈接〉I’m sure that he will win the match.＝He is sure to win the match.
7. The line of people outside Space Mountain was endless. We thought it was hopeless to wait in the line.
太空山外人們排的隊伍不見(jiàn)盡頭。我們原以為排不上隊了。 (p30)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴endless無(wú)盡的；無(wú)休止的，e.g. ①endless love ②We have endless homework to do.
⑵wait in the line排隊等候 ⑶Sb thought＋that從句，某人原以為…。
8. I’m watching an interesting TV programme. It started at 7 p.m. and has been on for haf an hour.
〈知識鏈接〉be on＝be shown放映→ be on show展出, e.g. ①Many old things are on show in the museum. ②When we reached the cinema yesterday, the film had been on/shown for 5 minutes.
9. ⑴She must be happy now, isn’t she? ⑵She must be happy yesterday, wasn’t she ? (p33)
〈知識鏈接〉must一定，表示推測時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句中的附加疑問(wèn)部分應以時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為準。
10. Spring is the best time for visiting Chinese garden. → Chinese garden中國園林 (p35)
〈知識鏈接〉the best time for doing sth＝the best time to do sth做某事的最佳時(shí)節 e.g.
Autumn is the best time for visiting the Fragrant Hill.＝Autumn is the best time to visit the Fragrant Hill.
11. Do you have any ideas about what to do for May Day holiday?
12. —By the way, how long does it take to fly to Singapore? —Sorry, I don’t know, but I can check it for you. →by the way順便問(wèn)一下，check sth for sb替某人核實(shí)某事
〈知識鏈接〉It takes sb some time to do sth. →How long does it take sb to do sth?
13. The day of our trip to Hong Kong finally arrived. My parents and I were excited about this special trip because we all wanted to visit Disneyland and take photos with the cute cartoon characters.
→the day of one’s trip to…某人去某地旅行的那一天 (p38)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴be excited about (doing) sth對(做)某事感到興奮 ⑵take photos拍照，take photos with …和…拍照 ⑶cute＝lovely可愛(ài)的
14. The weather in Hong Kong is quite different from that in Beijing.香港的天氣與北京不同。
〈知識鏈接〉在as…as…, not as/so…as…, the same as…, be different from…或形容詞、副詞的比較等級結構中，當主語(yǔ)為不可數名詞時(shí)，后者用that代替。當主語(yǔ)是名詞復數時(shí)，后者用those代替。e.g.
①Usually the pollution in big cities is much more serious than that in the countries.
②There are more books in our library than those in theirs.
15. I hope I can visit there again some day. →I hope＋that引導的一般將來(lái)時(shí)或can從句。
〈知識鏈接〉some day＝one day有朝一日；(將來(lái)的)一天。one day還表示過(guò)去的“某一天”。
16. I left a book at Millie’s home. →leave sth＋地點(diǎn)，把某物忘在某處；forget忘記某事。
〈知識鏈接〉⑴The forgetful man often leaves his bag on buses.
⑵—Why weren’t you at the meeting? —Sorry, I forgot.
Unit3
一.【精選詞匯】
㈠重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1. I have no idea.＝I’ve no idea.＝I don’t know.我不知道。 (p40)
2. turn on the TV →turn on/off打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉…，turn up/down調大/調低；都是“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”。
3. change the channel換臺→on Channel…在…臺，e.g. on CCTV-5→拓展：the English Channel英吉利海峽
4. different uses of computers計算機的不同用途：
draw and design, play computer games, search for information, send and receive e-mails收發(fā)電子郵件, do word processing進(jìn)行文字處理, write computer programs編寫(xiě)計算機程序 (p41)
5. travel around the world in eight hours八小時(shí)環(huán)游地球，educational CD-ROM教育軟件 (p42)
6. come out (書(shū)等)出版，發(fā)行，發(fā)表，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，可以轉化為be published。
〈知識鏈接〉When will her new novel come out?＝When will her new novel be published?
〈用法拓展〉⑴(太陽(yáng)、月亮或星星)出現；露出，e.g. The rained stopped and the sun came out.
⑵(花朵)開(kāi)放；(草)出芽，e.g. In March flowers and grass come out.
7. learn English and geography at the same time同時(shí)學(xué)英語(yǔ)和地理→at the same time同時(shí)
〈知識鏈接〉learn and play at the same time邊學(xué)邊玩
8. the main character主角→play the main character of…＝play the lead role of…
〈知識鏈接〉play the role…扮演…，the best actor最佳男主角，the best actress最佳女主角
9. have/get itchy feet渴望旅行，e.g. She has gone to Australia－she has always had itchy feet.
10. help you learn English by testing your knowledge of English grammar and vocabulary (p43)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴by介詞，通過(guò)某種方法、手段，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing。①He made a living by selling flowers. ②You can know more about the news by reading today’s newspaper.
⑵have a knowledge of有某方面的知識，e.g. ①He has a wide knowledge of painting.他在繪畫(huà)方面知識淵博。②Knowledge is power.知識就是力量。
11. one of the best on the market市面上最暢銷(xiāo)的一種
12. choose one icon in the menu在菜單里選擇一個(gè)圖標，click on it for more details點(diǎn)擊它以了解詳情→click on…點(diǎn)擊…，left double-click on…左鍵雙擊…
13. open my new e-dictionary on my computer打開(kāi)我電腦上的新電子詞典(p48)
〈知識鏈接〉“打開(kāi)”電腦的軟件用open不用turn on。
〈用法拓展〉⑴英漢詞典an English-Chinese dictionary，漢英詞典a Chinese-English dictionary
⑵查字典：look up a word in a dictionary或look a word up in a dictionary
14. restart the computer重新啟動(dòng)電腦 → start vt.啟動(dòng)；開(kāi)始→ restart重新啟動(dòng)
〈知識鏈接〉re＋部分動(dòng)詞→再…，e.g. rebuild重建，reuse循環(huán)使用，retell復述
〈用法拓展〉set off＝start off出發(fā)；動(dòng)身，set about doing sth開(kāi)始做某事，著(zhù)手做某事
15. check the settings檢查設置，double-click on the “auto-run” icon雙擊“自動(dòng)運行”圖標，double-click on the icon for “Tour” →double-click on the…icon＝double-click on the icon for…雙擊…圖標，put in the CD-ROM插入光盤(pán)
16. connect the keyboard to the computer properly正確地連接鍵盤(pán)和電腦
〈知識鏈接〉⑴connect A to B連接A和B →be connected to…與…連接 ⑵proper adj.正確的→properly
17. grow an inch長(cháng)一英寸，grow to six feet long長(cháng)到六英尺長(cháng)→ A foot is equal to 12 inches.
18. daily English＝everyday English日常英語(yǔ)→daily newspaper日報，Xinhua Daily新華日報
19. go on short tours of Australia and New Zealand去澳大利亞和新西蘭短期旅行 (p52)
20. be hidden in somewhere in the Arctic被藏在北極的某個(gè)地方→be hidden＋地點(diǎn)，被藏在…
21. the treasure box百寶箱→treasure hunt尋寶 (p55)
㈡詞匯解析
1. online adj.聯(lián)網(wǎng)的；在線(xiàn)的e.g. chat online網(wǎng)上聊天，order a package online網(wǎng)上訂購一套
2. reach ⑴vt.到達＝get to…＝arrive at/in… ⑵達到，e.g. ①reach 18 years old年滿(mǎn)18歲 ②The child isn’t tall enough to reach the snacks on the table. ⑶reach out a hand伸出一只手
3. ⑴correctly adv.正確地→correct ①adj.正確的→incorrect→incorrectly ②vt.改正；修正，e.g. correct a mistake改正錯誤 ⑵correct正確的→wrong錯誤的，in the correct order按正確順序
4. educate v.教育→education n.教育→educational adj.教育的，e.g. ①educate oneself自修；培養 ②be educated at school在學(xué)校里受教育 ③have a good education受到良好教育
5. knowledge n.知識→know vt.知道→be known to sb為某人所知，be well known/famous for…因…而出名，be known as…作為…而出名，e.g. Samuel Clemens, who was known as Mark Twain, was a famous American writer. 塞繆斯·克萊門(mén)斯，以馬克·吐溫知名，是美國名作家。
6. point ⑴n.分數 e.g. get 100 points得100分 ⑵n.小數點(diǎn) e.g. 1.732讀作one point seven three two
⑶v.指 e.g. point out指出，point at/to…指向
7. regards(用于信函的結尾或轉達問(wèn)候)致意；問(wèn)候→regard sb as…把某人視為…
8. company簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)作Co.，e.g.有限公司company limited＝Co., Ltd。producer制作人；制造商。
9. 使用計算機Office word常用短語(yǔ)：create a file創(chuàng )建文檔，keep/save the file for future use保存該文檔以備用?！笆瞻l(fā)電子郵件”send and receive e-mails需要“電子信箱”e-mail address。
10. control ⑴n.(鍵盤(pán)上的)控制鍵 ⑵vt.控制 e.g. ①The traffic lights are controlled by a central computer.交通信號燈由中心計算機控制。②This knob controls the volume.此旋鈕調節音量。
二.【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. —What do you use your computer for? —I usually use it to search for information. (p41)
〈知識鏈接〉What…for?＝Why…?為什么…? e.g. What did you do that for?＝Why did you do that?
2. It sounds interesting, doesn’t it? → “陳述句＋附加疑問(wèn)？”構成反意疑問(wèn)句。 (p42)
⑴附加疑問(wèn)即“助動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞的否定式縮寫(xiě)＋主語(yǔ)或there”；附加疑問(wèn)部分的助動(dòng)詞必須與陳述句保持一致，主語(yǔ)必須是人稱(chēng)代詞或there，并與陳述句主語(yǔ)的單復數保持一致。
⑵前肯定后否定；前否定后肯定。尤其要注意“前否定后肯定”答語(yǔ)的英漢差異。
⑶反意疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)為“Yes, 主語(yǔ)＋助動(dòng)詞.”或“No, 主語(yǔ)＋助動(dòng)詞的否定式”。
e.g. —Simon didn’t take part in the football match, did he? —Yes, he did. Though he wasn’t feeling well.
—西蒙沒(méi)有參加足球賽，是嗎？—不，他參加了。盡管他當時(shí)不舒服。
3. One day, he was lying on the grass and looking at the beautiful blue sky, when he fell asleep and had a very strange dream.一天，他躺在草地上，看著(zhù)美麗的藍天，不知不覺(jué)間睡著(zhù)了，并做了個(gè)奇怪的夢(mèng)。
lie ①躺→lies→lying→lay→lain ②說(shuō)謊→lies→lying→lied→lied ③位于→lies→lying→lied→lied
〈知識鏈接〉⑴lie意思是“躺”，常用于lie down躺下，find sb/sth lying＋地點(diǎn) ①She found a purse lying on the ground. ②I found a homeless man lying at the street corner. ⑵fall asleep睡著(zhù)，e.g. He fell asleep when he was watching TV. ⑶have/dream a…dream做了一個(gè)…的夢(mèng)，e.g. have/dream a strange dream
〈用法拓展〉lie ⑴說(shuō)謊，e.g. ①You could see from his face that he was lying. ②tell a lie說(shuō)謊
⑵位于，e.g. Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
4. See those big clouds of different colours with questions on them? You get a point every time you answer a question correctly. →every time＋陳述句，每當…，引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
〈知識鏈接〉get a point得一分，answer a question correctly答對一題
5. When you have got enough points, a cloud will come down and carry you off to a place you have never visited before. →you have never visited before是省略關(guān)系代詞that/which的定語(yǔ)從句。
〈知識鏈接〉have got enough points獲得足夠的點(diǎn)數，carry you off to…把你帶到…
6. Are you ready? Let’s go！準備好了嗎？出發(fā)！
7. For example, when you reach London, you will learn about the Museum of London and many other interesting places. → ①learn about…了解… ②many other＋名詞復數，其他許多… (p43)
8. Every time you pass a level, you will see a map of the world. →pass a level過(guò)一關(guān)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴Every time＋陳述句，每當… ⑵a map of the world世界地圖→ a map of China
9. The places you have visited are marked in bright purple. 你到過(guò)的地方都標上了明亮的紫色。
10. Get it now before it is sold out. →sell out售完，be sold out被售完，sell well好賣(mài)(不用被動(dòng))
〈知識鏈接〉—Have you got a size M? —Sorry, they are all sold out. They sell well.
11. I’ve bought many educational CD-ROMs before, but I’ve found none of them to be any good.
〈知識鏈接〉find none of them to be any good沒(méi)發(fā)現一個(gè)好的
12. —How can your teacher read your homework on the computer? —I can send him e-mails or print it out. → read your homework批閱作業(yè)，send sb e-mails給某人發(fā)電子郵件 (p46)
〈知識鏈接〉on the computer在電腦上，on the screen，on TV，on the Internet(在因特網(wǎng)上)
13. —Do you have a new printer, too? —Yes, and it prints very quickly. →該句的print不用被動(dòng)。
14. My new computer is much faster than the old one. I can type very easily, and the keyboard is very comfortable.
15. We’ve got many kinds of personal computers. This green one is called Kiwi, and it is designed especially for students. →personal computer個(gè)人電腦，簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)作PC。 (p48)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴Kiwi ①(informal)＝a person from New Zealand新西蘭人②幾維鳥(niǎo)，新西蘭鳥(niǎo)，喙長(cháng)、翼短、無(wú)尾、不能飛③kiwi fruit獼猴桃；奇異果 ⑵be designed especially for students特別為學(xué)生而設計
16. —Is it used widely? —Of course, very widely in Beijing. → be widely used被廣泛使用
〈知識鏈接〉English is widely used as the second language in many countries. (be widely as…被廣泛用作)
17. When a total of ten questions are answered incorrectly, the princess will become bald. (p51)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴total n.總數，總和e.g. ①You got 47 points on the written exam and 18 on the oral, making a total of 65.你筆試得了47分，口試得了18分，總分65分。②Out of a total of 15 games, they only won 2.在總共15場(chǎng)比賽中，他們只勝了2場(chǎng)。⑵become bald禿頂→become＋形容詞
18. The questions get more difficult as you go to higher levels.當你到更高的級別，問(wèn)題就更難了。
〈知識鏈接〉as連詞，當…時(shí)，隨著(zhù)…。e.g. The air will get fresher as you reach the top of the mountain.
19. She will help you when necessary.必要時(shí)她會(huì )幫助你?！鷌f necessary如果有必要 (p52)
20. Many topics are covered in the course, including travel and hotels, food and drink, and shopping and money. 這一課程涉及許多主題，包括旅游、飯店、購物和錢(qián)幣。 (p53)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴cover＝include包括；涉及 ⑵including介詞，包括…在內，e.g. ①His talk covered/included the history between the two World Wars. ②The package includes/covers a book and two CD-ROMs. ③There were ten students left in the classroom, including Tom.
21. Can you show me how to start this online tour of Australia, please?
你能告訴我如何開(kāi)啟這個(gè)澳大利亞的在線(xiàn)之旅嗎？→ how to start…是“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”。
22. Do you mind telling me how to use this function?你介不介意告訴如何使用這個(gè)功能？
〈知識鏈接〉mind介意，表示請求允許或客氣地請人做事。注意以下兩種表達的不同：
⑴Do/Would you mind my/me doing sth?或Do/Would you mind if I do sth?你介意我做某事嗎？
表示請求對方的允許，答語(yǔ)為Of course not. Certainly not.或You’d better not. Better not.
⑵Do/Would you mind doing sth?你介意做某事嗎？表示客氣地請人做事。
①Do you mind my opening the window?＝Do you mind if I open the window?我開(kāi)窗戶(hù)好嗎？
②Would you mind explaining that again, please?請你再解釋一遍行嗎？ 請做題
—Would you mind ? I’m feeling too tired. —Of course not. Let me do it.
A. to drive B. my drive C. driving D. my driving
23. Just double-click on the “Pencil” icon. …A worksheet has just appeared on the screen.
〈知識鏈接〉⑴appear是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。appear出現→disappear消失
⑵sheet n.①床單e.g. change the sheet換床單 ②一張(通常指標準尺寸的紙) e.g. 500 sheets
24. In which countries is the game sold? 這個(gè)游戲在哪些國家銷(xiāo)售？ (p55)
〈知識鏈接〉In which countries不能去掉介詞in，e.g. Which city did you go to last summer?
25. The goal of the game is to travel around the world to learn the history of each place and use this knowledge to open the treasure box. →當主語(yǔ)是goal等時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞不定式be to do作表語(yǔ)。
三.【語(yǔ)法詳解】被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
㈠英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)態(tài)－主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
⒈英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：①They built a new bridge over the river. (主動(dòng)) →A new bridge was built over the river by them. (被動(dòng)) ②Many people speak English. (主動(dòng)) →English is spoken by many people. (被動(dòng))
⒉漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用“助動(dòng)詞be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構成”，即“be＋p.p.”，其中助動(dòng)詞be有人稱(chēng)、數和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
㈡被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法
⒈當句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執行者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be＋過(guò)去分詞構成，時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)動(dòng)詞be表現出來(lái)。
⒉什么時(shí)候使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
⑴不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執行者是誰(shuí)。
①Some windows were broken last night. ②This book was published (出版) in 2005.
注意：第②句＝This book came out in 2005. come out 是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
⑵只強調動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強調動(dòng)作的執行者。
①Educational CD-ROMs are sold in many countries. ②Rice was first grown in China.
③English is learned all over the world.
注意：不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：appear, happen, take place等。
㈢被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結構
⒈動(dòng)作的承受者＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋其他＋by＋動(dòng)作的執行者。
簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)為“承受者＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋其他＋by＋動(dòng)作的執行者”。
⒉主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟：
確定主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)，它決定著(zhù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的助動(dòng)詞be?！?找出主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主、謂、賓。
→ 按照上述句式改寫(xiě)：承受者 +be+過(guò)去分詞+其他＋by＋執行者
⒊常用的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結構
時(shí)態(tài)
結構
時(shí)態(tài)
結構
一般現在時(shí)
am/is/are＋p.p.
含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
can/may/must/… be＋p.p.
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
was/were＋p.p.
現在完成時(shí)
have/has been + p.p.
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
will/shall be＋p.p.
am/is/are going to be＋p.p.
現在進(jìn)行時(shí)
am/is/are being + p.p.
⒋主動(dòng)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的例子：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本結構為主、謂、賓。
⑴His brother washes dishes every day. → Dishes are washed every day by his brother.
主(執行者) 謂 賓(承受者) 其他
⑵Peter will clean the room tomorrow. →The room will be cleaned tomorrow by Peter.
⑶He must look after the little boy. →The little boy must be looked after by him.
⑷The students are watching a charity show. →A charity show is being watched by the students.
㈣特殊情況的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本形式中的其中兩種變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)十分重要：
⒈主謂＋雙賓：這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)含有介詞to或for。如：give, send, show, buy, make…
⑴give sb sth＝give sth to sb，buy sb sth＝buy sth for sb
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Amy gave me some nice stickers.＝Amy gave some nice stickers to me.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：I was given some nice stickers by Amy.或Some nice stickers were given to me by Amy.
⑵主動(dòng)：A fairy gave the princess a magic wand.＝A fairy gave a magic wand to Princess Laura.
被動(dòng)：The princess was given a magic wand by a fairy.或A magic wand was given to the princess.
總結含有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的規則：可以把任何一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)作為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)；如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(即物體)作為主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞和直接賓語(yǔ)之間要添加相應的介詞to或for。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中無(wú)論使用give sb sth 還是give sth to sb，一律按照上述句子改寫(xiě)，即：
give sb sth 或give sth to sb → sb be given sth或sth be given to sb，這類(lèi)含有介詞to或for的短語(yǔ)見(jiàn)下表
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
send sb sth或send sth to sb
sb be sent sth或sth be sent to sb
show sb sth或show sth to sb
sb be shown sth或sth be shown to sb
buy sb sth或buy sth for sb
sb be bought sth或sth be bought for sb
make sb sth或make sth for sb
sb be made sth或sth be made for sb
⒉主謂賓＋省略to的不定式(即賓補)：使役動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，原來(lái)省略的to一定要加上。
常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)⑴make sb do sth→sb be made to do sth (主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不含to，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)必須帶to。下同)
⑵hear sb do sth→sb be heard to do sth
⑶see sb do sth→sb be seen to do sth
⑷have sb do sth→sb be had to do sth
注意特殊例子：let sb do sth →sb be let do sth (主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)都不含to。)
e.g. He made the workers work 12 hours a day. → The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
㈤主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義：有些不及物動(dòng)詞(其主語(yǔ)大都指物)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可以表示被動(dòng)意義。
⒈某些連系動(dòng)詞。這些動(dòng)詞有feel, taste, smell, sound, prove等。
①The coffee smells delicious. ②The story proved quite false.
⒉某些可與well, easily, quickly等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞。
①This kind of bikes sells well. ②This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind.
⒊某些可用于“主＋謂＋主補”結構中的不及物動(dòng)詞。e.g. The bag broke open.
⒋動(dòng)名詞在be worth doing句型中的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。
①His novels are so well worth reading that I want one. ②These stamps are worth collecting.
⒌動(dòng)名詞在need, want, require等動(dòng)詞后，主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。need doing＝need to be done
①The problem requires dealing with immediately. ②Her bike needed repairing.
⒍動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式在too…to…句型中表示被動(dòng)含義。The box is too heavy to carry.
⒎有些形容詞后的動(dòng)詞不定式有被動(dòng)含義。這些形容詞有easy, difficult, heavy, nice, good, pleasant, important, useful, dangerous等。
①Bad habits are easy to contract. ②English is difficult to learn.
Unit4
一.【精選詞匯】
㈠重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1. hold a microphone拿著(zhù)麥克風(fēng)→比較：The host came on stage with a microphone in his hand.
2. Congratulations!祝賀你！congratulations在向別人表示祝賀、祝福時(shí)常用復數。(p60)
3. be chosen to be/as the host of a charity show →be chosen to be/as…被選作…
〈知識鏈接〉be chosen to do sth被選做某事，e.g. Hepburn was chosen to play the lead role.
4. fund-raising activities for charities為慈善機構籌款的活動(dòng)，advertise on the Internet在網(wǎng)上做廣告→advertise on TV/in the newspaper/in the magazine在電視上/報紙上/雜志上做廣告，organize a charity show 組織慈善演出，sell books to raise money賣(mài)書(shū)來(lái)籌款 (p61)
5. give out leaflets發(fā)傳單→give…out分發(fā)，動(dòng)詞＋副詞結構，give it/them out。
6. return to school重返學(xué)?！鷕eturn ⑴回到return to＋地點(diǎn) ⑵return sth to sb把某物歸還某人
〈知識鏈接〉⑴return to…＝go back to…回到…⑵return sth to sb＝give sth back to sb歸還…
①Hong Kong returned to China in1997. ②I remembered returning the book to the library.
7. help protect rivers and lakes in China幫助保護中國的河流和湖泊→help (to) do sth幫助做…
8. host a charity show主持慈善演出，start working on the show開(kāi)始著(zhù)手演出工作 (p62)
9. have a lot of support from local businesses得到當地企業(yè)的許多支持
〈知識鏈接〉have support from sb＝have sb’s support得到某人的支持，e.g. have my parents’ support.
business n.⑴企業(yè)；商行 ⑵事情①Mind your own business.＝It’s none of your business.不關(guān)你的事。②on business因公；公干He has gone to Beijing on business.③business hours營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間
〈用法拓展〉⑴be busy with sth忙于某事 ⑵be busy (in) doing sth忙于做某事(聯(lián)想記憶：因為忙的時(shí)候人在做事，所以be busy之后用動(dòng)詞的ing形式) ⑶as busy as a bee極忙碌地
10. perform on the stage在舞臺上表演→perform v. →performer n.表演者→performance n.表演
11. on the side door在側門(mén)上，at both sides of the stage在舞臺的兩側，in the middle of the stage在舞臺的中間，in the four corners of the school hall在學(xué)校禮堂的四個(gè)角落里 (p67)
12. design the poster設計海報，set up the stage搭建舞臺，ask friends and families to come (p70)
13. make a sentence造句→make a sentence with…用…造句，keep silent保持沉默，from now on從今以后(用于將來(lái)時(shí))，since then自那時(shí)起(用于完成時(shí))，day and night日日夜夜，first of all首先；最重要的是，care more about…多關(guān)注…→care more about the people in need，care only about…只關(guān)心…，care about…在乎…, 關(guān)心… (p72)
14. make/do a speech演講→freedom of speech言論的自由 (p73)
㈡詞匯解析
1. 中國的慈善機構：Project Hope希望工程，Spring Bud Project春蕾計劃，Project Green Hope綠色希望工程，Save China’s Tigers拯救中國虎
2. TV cameras攝像機，TV station電視臺→Chinese Central Television Station＝CCTV
3. rise ⑴vi. 上升，(太陽(yáng)、月亮)升起→反義詞set，e.g. ①The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽(yáng)東升西落。②The curtain rose. ⑵(水)漲高 e.g. The river rose after the rain. ⑶(物價(jià))上漲 e.g. Prices have risen surprisingly.物價(jià)上漲得很驚人。
〈用法拓展〉⑴rise→rose→risen vi.上升；升起 ⑵raise→raised→raised vt.舉起；升起，籌集
二.【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. Only if you sleep less during the day.只要你白天少睡一些覺(jué) (p60)
〈知識鏈接〉only if…只要…就…；只有…才…
2. There are many ways to raise money for charity.為慈善籌款有許多方式。
3. A lot of work needed to be finished, so I don’t have much free time. (p62)
〈知識鏈接〉主語(yǔ)是事物時(shí)，need to be done＝need doing主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。
Your clothes are so dirty. They need washing./They need to be washed. (SeeUnit 3語(yǔ)法詳解)
4. It was my job to introduce each star.我的工作是介紹每一個(gè)明星。
〈知識鏈接〉當主語(yǔ)是job, duty, goal, purpose, aim, dream, wish等時(shí)，動(dòng)詞be之后用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)。e.g. ①Her duty is to clean the street. ②His dream is to be an explorer.
5. I couldn’t sleep at all that night because I was so excited. ‘Will it be a success?’ I kept asking myself.
〈知識鏈接〉⑴not…at all根本不…；一點(diǎn)也不…⑵kept doing sth反復做某事
⑶be a success成功＝be successful，be a big/great success非常成功
6. No time to be nervous any more. This is it! 沒(méi)有時(shí)間再緊張了。就這樣吧！
〈知識鏈接〉(There be) no time to do sth.沒(méi)有時(shí)間做某事。e.g. There’s no time to have breakfast.
7. The fans of the pop stars were making a lot of noise, so I had to speak loudly.
〈知識鏈接〉⑴make a lot of noise大聲吵鬧→ make a noise吵鬧；發(fā)出響聲
⑵speak loudly大聲說(shuō)話(huà)→ read aloud朗讀(動(dòng)詞＋副詞結構)，read it/them aloud
8. Everything seemed to happen so fast, and now it is all over.
〈知識鏈接〉seem adj. 好像；似乎⑴seem (to be)＋形容詞＝look＋形容詞 seem (to be) happy
⑵Sb seems/seemed to do sth.＝It seems/seemed that sb do sth好像/似乎某人做某事，Everything seemed to happen so fast.＝It seemed that everything happened so fast. ⑶It seems to me that sb do sth.
9. A lot of money has been donated to Project Green Hope. →have/has been＋過(guò)去分詞
〈知識鏈接〉donate sth to sb向…捐贈某物→sth be donated to sb某物被捐贈給… e.g.
People have donated tens of millions of yuan to Project Hope since it was founded in 1989.
10. I hope more events like this will be organized to raise money for charity and I think more people should be invited to take part in them. →more events like this更多像這樣的活動(dòng)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴invite sb to..→sb be invited to…應邀到某地，invite sb to do sth→sb be invited to do sth應邀做某事，e.g. Last night they were invited to Amy’s birthday party.
⑵take part in＝j(luò )oin in參加→attend出席，e.g. Many important persons attended the conference.
11. I was glad to receive your e-mail. It was great fun to be a host, wasn’t it? (p69)
12. Some children in poor areas do not have money to go to school, so Project Hope pay for their education.
〈知識鏈接〉pay for sth付…的款，pay some money for sth買(mǎi)某物付…錢(qián)
13. Our class held a meeting to talk about holding a charity show. →hold/have a meeting開(kāi)會(huì )
〈知識鏈接〉talk about sb/sth討論、談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈?，talk about doing sth討論、談?wù)撟瞿呈?div style="height:15px;">
14. We have arranged work among the students.我們已在同學(xué)中分配了工作。(p71)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴arrange vt.安排；籌備→ rearrange vt.重新安排；重新排列，arrange →arrangement，rearrange →rearrangement。e.g. They arranged a farewell party for the exchange students. ⑵among在…中(兩者以上) →between在…中(兩者) e.g. ①There is a wooden house among the trees. ②English is widely used for business between countries.
15. I hope that our show will be held at the school hall. I hope a lot of pop stars can be invited to the show.
〈知識鏈接〉⑴hope＋that引導的一般將來(lái)時(shí)或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的從句。⑵hope to do sth希望做某事。英語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有hope sb to do sth，必須改為hope＋that從句。
〈用法拓展〉⑴want/wish to do sth想做某事，want/wish sb to do sth想讓某人做某事。⑵wish＋that從句①表示祝福、祝愿 ②表示不可能實(shí)現或很難實(shí)現的愿望 e.g. ①I(mǎi) wish you will have success at school.② I wish you a happy new year. ③I wish I were a bird and could fly in the sky freely.
16. Project Hope is an organization that raises money to build schools and buy books for poor students. (p72)
〈知識鏈接〉畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分是關(guān)系代詞that/which引導的定語(yǔ)從句，該句不能省略關(guān)系代詞。
17. We would like to thank the following for their help and support.感謝以下(單位或個(gè)人)的幫助或支持。
18. We think it’s important that all children learn to read and write. 該句中的it＝that從句。(p74)
19. Their parents have no money, so the children have to go to work instead.
這些孩子的父母沒(méi)錢(qián)，所以他們得去干活。
〈知識鏈接〉⑴instead是副詞，意思是“代替，反而，卻”，表示“本應做的事沒(méi)有做，反而…”。
e.g. Let him go instead. ⑵instead of＋名詞/人稱(chēng)代詞賓格/動(dòng)名詞/介詞短語(yǔ)，代替…, 而不是…。①He was ill. I did the work instead of him. ②He spent his free time chatting online instead of watching TV. ③The children should go to school instead of working to support their families. 孩子們應該上學(xué)，而不是干活養家。④She will go to Dalian by ship instead of by plane.
20. After a few songs, there was a break. (p75)
〈知識鏈接〉break n.暫停，休息(工作時(shí)的間歇) 常用于：have a break休息一下。
〈用法拓展〉⑴break down出故障 ⑵break into…強行闖入⑶break out(戰爭、地震、火災等)發(fā)生→A fire broke out last night. ⑷break vi.破曉，e.g. Day broke. 天亮了?！?Night fell.天黑了.
Unit5
一.【精選詞匯】
㈠重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1. have some pocket money left →Sb have sth left某人剩下某物?！鶷here be sth/sb left.剩下… (p76)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴She has spent all her money on this book. Now she has none left.
⑵Hurry up. There is little time left.
2. a flying eye hospital飛行眼科醫院，perform/do operations做手術(shù)，teach them new skills and share our knowledge教他們新技術(shù)、分享我們的知識，watch the operations on video觀(guān)看手術(shù)錄像，train local doctors and nurses培訓當地的醫護人員 (p78)
3. be used as a teaching centre被用作教學(xué)中心 → be used as…被用作…→ use…as…把…用作…
〈知識鏈接〉be used as…→ use…as…，e.g. English is used as the first language in the USA .
4. operate on 150 patients →operate on…＝perform/do an operation on…給…做手術(shù) (79)
〈知識鏈接〉operate→operation→operating room手術(shù)室→operating table手術(shù)臺
〈用法拓展〉operate v.操作，e.g. ①Can you operate computers? ②This machine doesn’t operate well.
5. be proud to be able to help so many people → proud adj.驕傲的；自豪的→pride n.驕傲
〈知識鏈接〉⑴be proud to do sth因做某事而驕傲/自豪，I’m proud to be a member of the team.
⑵be/feel proud of…以…為驕傲/自豪，e.g. He is proud of his achievements. ⑶be/feel proud＋ that從句，以…為榮，e.g. She’s proud that her son has so much talent. ⑷be the pride of…是…的驕傲，e.g. His great success is the pride of us.
⑸be able to＋動(dòng)詞原形，常用于一般現在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)，也與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, may或助動(dòng)詞will等連用，e.g. You must be able to speak French for this job.
〈比較〉can/could＋動(dòng)詞原形，只用于一般現在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
〈用法拓展〉able有才能的→ability能力→disabled殘疾的, able→unable不能的→be unable to不能
6. make the world a better place for children讓世界成為孩子們的更好地方，receive/get education接受教育，work far away from home，work for ORBIS，work as a doctor當醫生→work as…當…；從事…
7. make a donation to…→make donations to…＝donate money to…向…捐款，do voluntary work做義工，raise money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other fund-raising activities (p86)
8. make flow charts制作流程圖，have a job like Mary’s有一份像瑪麗那樣的工作，finish school畢業(yè)(不用定冠詞the)，train as a nurse接受護士培訓→train as…接受…培訓 (p89)
9. do a lot of research on it →research n.研究，e.g. scientific research科學(xué)研究 (p91)
㈡詞匯解析
1. 國際慈善機構(international charities)：ORBIS奧比斯，Oxfam樂(lè )施會(huì )→Hong Kong Oxfam香港樂(lè )施會(huì )，Oxfam Trailwalker樂(lè )施會(huì )毅行者活動(dòng)，UNICEF聯(lián)合國兒童基金會(huì )，World Vision世界宣明會(huì )，World Wide Fund for Nature＝WWF世界自然基金會(huì )
2. indeed adv.的確，實(shí)在地，確實(shí)，用以加強肯定的語(yǔ)氣。e.g. ⑴—Do you agree? —Yes, indeed! ⑵A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見(jiàn)友情；患難朋友才是真正的朋友。
3. 部分動(dòng)詞、形容詞加后綴可以變?yōu)槊~，常見(jiàn)的有以下三種情況：
⑴部分動(dòng)詞＋后綴ment→名詞：agree→agreement, advertise→advertisement＝ad, develop→development, punish→punishment, improve→improvement
⑵部分動(dòng)詞＋后綴ion→名詞：invent→invention, collect→collection, donate→donation, educate →education, celebrate→celebration, organize→organization, invite→invitation, connect→connection
⑶形容詞＋后綴ness→名詞：ill→illness, sick→sickness, rich→richness, kind→kindness, ugly →ugliness, careless→carelessness, fit→fitness, great→greatness, careless→carelessness (粗心)
二.【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. I’m not used to going out before lunch. Don’t worry. Hobo, you used to be very kind to me. Let me have lunch first. I’m so weak that I can’t walk further. →further是far的比較級。 (p76)
2. Blindness affects about 45 million people around the world, mostly in poor countries, and about 80 per cent of these cases can be cured or prevented. →80% of the cases of blindness 80%的失明病例 (p78)
〈知識鏈接〉⑴affect＝influence vt.影響→effect n.影響，常用短語(yǔ)have a bad/good effect on sb，e.g. ①Smoking affects your health. ②Fights in action films have a bad effect on teenagers.
⑵mostly adv.主要地；大部分地；一般地，e.g. We’re mostly out on Sundays.我們星期天一般不在家。
⑶per cent百分數，如：80%讀作eighty per cent。當百分數作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式由百分數后面的名詞而定，與“就近原則”相似。e.g. ①71% of the earth is covered with water. ②Twenty per cent of the students are from the countryside.
3. However, many people do not have the money for medical treatment. 沒(méi)錢(qián)醫治
〈知識鏈接〉⑴medicine n.醫學(xué)；內服藥，e.g. Chinese medicine中藥，traditional Chinese medicine中醫，take/ have the medicine服藥，study medicine學(xué)醫 ⑵medicine→medical adj.醫學(xué)的；醫療的，e.g. medical history病史，medical records病歷，medical examination體檢，medical examiner法醫，medical treatment醫治 ⑶treat ①vt.治療→treatment n.治療，under the treatment在治療中 ②vt.對待 treat sb as…＝regard sb as…把…看作…；把…視為…，①Don’t treat him as a child. ②People regard Jet Lee as a talented actor.
4. Many of our patients are so poor that they can’t afford to travel to hospital, so we have to go to them. 我們的許多病人很窮，連去醫院的錢(qián)都沒(méi)有，所以我們得去他們那里。
〈知識鏈接〉⑴afford sth買(mǎi)得起…；有時(shí)間做…，通常與can, could, be able to連用，一般用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句中。e.g. Can we afford a new car? ⑵afford to do sth有足夠的錢(qián)做某事，e.g. ①We can’t afford to buy a new house. ②Can they afford to go abroad this summer?
5. By training local doctors and nurses, we hope to help even more people. →by介詞，通過(guò)。
6. You’ve done such an important job that people must be really grateful to you. (p79)
〈知識鏈接〉be grateful to sb for sth因某事而感激某人→grateful＝thankful，注意不要把grateful寫(xiě)成greatful。e.g. I’m grateful to you for your help and support.
7. However, the most important thing for us is that we can help people see again. that引導的表語(yǔ)從句。
8. Thank you very much for your time, Dr Ma. Is there anything else you’d like to say to our readers?
馬醫生，感謝你抽時(shí)間接受我們的采訪(fǎng)。你還有別的話(huà)要對我們的讀者說(shuō)嗎？
9. Modern medicine is developing so quickly that we can treat and cure most eye problems and improve the lives of patients.現代醫學(xué)發(fā)展如此之快，以至于我們能治療并治愈絕大多數眼疾，從而改善病人的生活。 注意so…that…結構中so后面形容詞或副詞的使用規則。
〈知識鏈接〉⑴life→lives生活；生命，lose one’s life/lives喪生，save one’s life/lives挽救某人的生命，物主代詞或名詞所有格的單復數決定了life/lives。e.g. lose his life, save their lives
⑵improve改進(jìn)；改善；提高，e.g. You need more practice to improve your English.
10. All we need is enough money to carry on with our work.我們所需要的足夠的錢(qián)，以繼續我們的工作?！鶤ll we need是All that we need的省略。
〈知識鏈接〉carry on with sth＝carry on doing sth＝continue to do sth＝continue doing sth繼續做某事，e.g. They carried on working, though they were very tired.
11. We hope people will support our work by sending donations to ORBIS.
＝We hope people will send donations to ORBIS to support our work.
12. Dr Ma said that 80% of the cases of blindness can be either prevented or cured. (p81)
〈知識鏈接〉either ⑴(兩者中的)任何一個(gè)，e.g. You can park on either side of the street.
⑵either…or…(對兩事物的選擇)要么…要么…；不是…不是…；或者…或者…，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式遵循“就近原則”。e.g. ①I(mǎi) think she’s either English or American. ②I’ll buy either a camera or a MP3 player with the money. ③This afternoon he will either stay at home or go to the cinema. ④Either he could not come or he did not want to.他要么是不能來(lái)要么是不想來(lái)。⑤Either he or you are going to be invited to attend the presentation this coming Friday.
⑶either (用于否定句句尾)也，①Peter can’t and I can’t either. ②—Sandy won’t go there. —I won’t go there, either.＝Neither/Nor will I.＝Me either.
〈用法拓展〉Neither＋助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)，某某也不。So＋助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)，某某也如此。
13. After learning from the ORBIS doctors, the local doctors can then help people in their areas.
向奧比斯的醫生學(xué)習之后，當地的醫生們就可以幫助所在地區的人了。 (p81)
〈知識鏈接〉after作介詞時(shí)，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。當after引導的時(shí)間從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可以省略從句的主語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞-ing形式：After doing…。before/when/while/as等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞也如此。e.g. After he worked for ten hours, he felt quite tired.＝After working for ten hours, he felt quite tired.
14. At that time, many children’s lives were changed because of the war. (p86)
15. Pollution is such a serious problem in many parts of the world that more action ought to be taken to prevent it. → ought to＋動(dòng)詞原形＝should＋動(dòng)詞原形 (p87)
三.【語(yǔ)法詳解】used to, be used to, so…that, such…that
㈠used to, be used to的用法
⒈used to＋動(dòng)詞原形，過(guò)去常做某事；否定式為used not to do sth或did not use to do sth；疑問(wèn)式為Did…use to do sth?或Used… to do sth? There be與used to的用法為：肯定式There used to be….；否定式There used not to be…或There did not use to be…；疑問(wèn)式Used there to be…? e.g.
⑴She used to live on her own.→否定式：①She used not to live on her own. ②She didn’t use to live on her own. →疑問(wèn)式：①Did she use to live on her own? ②Used she to live on her own?
⑵There used to be a clock tower. →否定式：①There didn’t use to be a clock tower. ②There used not be a clock tower. →疑問(wèn)式：①Did there use to be a clock tower? ②Used there to be a clock tower?
⒉be used to sth習慣某事，be used to doing sth習慣做某事，也可以表達為get/become used to sth, get/become used to doing sth。e.g. ①Daniel is/gets/becomes used to the life in the city. ②She is/gets/become used to getting up early.
㈡so…that, such…that的用法
⒈so, such的用法：
⑴so是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞原級；such是形容詞，修飾名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。
⑵such修飾含有名詞單數、名詞復數和不可數名詞的名詞短語(yǔ)，即：①such a/an＋形容詞＋名詞單數 ②such＋形容詞＋名詞復數 ③such＋形容詞＋不可數名詞。
注意以下特殊情況：such修飾名詞單數時(shí)可以轉換為so，但是詞序不同，即：such a/an＋形容詞＋名詞單數＝so＋形容詞＋a/an＋名詞單數。當名詞前有many, much, few, little這四個(gè)詞修飾，只能用so，即so many/few＋名詞復數，so much/little＋不可數名詞；簡(jiǎn)言之，so修飾“兩多”、“兩少”。例如：
①such a man ②such an exciting film＝so exciting a film ③such exciting films不能說(shuō)成so exciting films ④such fine weather不能說(shuō)成so fine weather ⑤so many/few books不能說(shuō)成such many/few books ⑥so much/little pollution不能說(shuō)成such much/little pollution。
⒉so…that…, such…that…如此…以至于…，引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句，兩者在意思上可以互換。such修飾名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)；so修飾形容詞或副詞原級。當so前面的動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，so后面用形容詞原級；當so前面是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，so后面用副詞原級；即：連系動(dòng)詞＋so＋形容詞原級，行為動(dòng)詞＋so＋副詞原級。so或such的使用是中考的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)。
⑴The problem is so difficult that we can’t work it out.＝It is such a difficult problem that we can’t work it out. 注意：so…that…轉換為such…that…，必須保持意思不變。
⑵Many patients are so poor that they can’t afford to go to hospital.
⑶Modern medicine is developing so quickly that we can treat and cure most eye problems.
⑷Dr Ma has done such an important job that people must be really grateful to him.
⒊so…that sb can’t/couldn’t…，such…that sb can’t/couldn’t…引導的結果狀語(yǔ)從句的否定式，可與too…for sb to do(注意動(dòng)詞原形之后不能再接賓語(yǔ))或not＋形容詞或副詞原級＋enough to do sth互換。
⑴The book cost so much that she couldn’t buy it.＝The book cost too much for her to buy.
⑵He ran so quickly that nobody could catch up with him.＝He ran too quickly for anybody to catch up with. 注意簡(jiǎn)單句too…for sb to do中的動(dòng)詞不定式之后不能再接賓語(yǔ)。
⑶The child was so young that he couldn’t go to school.＝The child was too young to go to school.
＝The child was not old enough to go to school.
Unit6
1． 再來(lái)一些 some more
2． 最大的籌款活動(dòng) one of the biggest fund-raising events
3． 亞洲的其他地區 many other parts of Asia
4． 一次艱難的遠足 a tough hike
5． 在48小時(shí)之內 within 48 hours
6． 一次極好的機會(huì ) an excellent chance
7． 學(xué)會(huì )團隊精神 learn team spirit
8． 互相支持 support each other
9． 至少 at least
10． 使你感到舒服 keep …comfortable
11． 盡力做某事 try one’s best to do
12． 支持發(fā)展項目 support development project
13． 為什么不 why not do
14． 參加 take part in
15． 以…出名 be known as
16． 完成某事 finish doing
17． 保持健康 keep fit
18． 看不起某人 look down on
19． 發(fā)生 take place
20． 后援小組 a support team
21． 在某些方面 in some way
22． 在去…途中 on the way to
23． 聽(tīng)某人做某事 hear sb do/doing
24． 捉迷藏 play hide-and-seek
25． 注意 pay attention to
26． 做某事(對某人來(lái)說(shuō))是 it’s + adj + (for sb.) to do
27． 在湖邊 by the lake
28． 迷路 get lost
29． 記得做某事 remember to do sth.
30． 向…學(xué)習 learn from
31． 航空郵寄 by mail
32． 更多的信息 further information
33． 雖然,盡管 even though
34． 學(xué)習的機會(huì ) a chance to study
P92
1 train for a charity walk 為一個(gè)慈善步行活動(dòng)受訓
2 support me 支持我
3 It’s meaningful to do sth. 做某事是有意義的。
4 need some more food 需要更多的食物
5 invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事
6 organize a charity walk 組織一次慈善步行活動(dòng)
7 design a web page to advertise the event 設計一張網(wǎng)頁(yè)為這個(gè)活動(dòng)做廣告
P93
1 people who need help 需要幫助的人
2 a disabled person 一位殘疾人
3 an elderly person 一位年歲大的人
4 a homeless person 一位無(wú)家可歸的人
5 deaf people 聾人
6 help them cross the road 幫助他們過(guò)馬路
P94-95
1 a fund- raising event called Oxfam Trailwalker 一個(gè)叫作樂(lè )施會(huì )毅行者的慈善基金募集活動(dòng)
2 one of Hong Kong’s fund-raising events 香港慈善基金募集活動(dòng)之一
3 be known as 被作為``````了解
4 people in other parts of Asia and Africa 亞洲和非洲其它地區的人
5 be held in November 在11月舉行
6 group themselves into a team of four people四人一組進(jìn)行分組
7 tough hike 艱苦的遠足
8 finish walking a 100-kilometre trail within 48 hours 在48小時(shí)內走完10萬(wàn)米路
9 It means that``` 這意味著(zhù)``````
10 walk two days and night without sleep 不睡覺(jué)走兩天兩夜
11 walk through country parks 走過(guò)鄉村公園
12 walk over hills and mountains 翻山躍嶺
13 an excellent chance 一個(gè)極好的機會(huì )
14 team spirit 團隊精神
15 plan everything together 一起計劃所有的事情
16 the team’s finishing time will be recorded 整個(gè)團隊最終所用時(shí)間將被記錄下來(lái)
17 It is necessary/ useful for sb to do sth. 對某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事``````。
It is necessary/useful that```.
18 support teams 支持小組
19 keep sb comfortable讓某人舒服
20 support development projects 支持發(fā)展計劃
21 try one’s best to do sth 盡某人全力去做某事
22 an experience you will never forget 一次終身難忘的經(jīng)歷
P96-97
1 a path through the country 鄉間小路
2 collect money for 為```籌集資金
3 the process of growth 成長(cháng)的過(guò)程
4 a money-collecting event 一次資金籌集活動(dòng)
5 think of doing sth 考慮做某事
6 take part in 參加
7 fitness and training 健康和訓練
8 form groups of four 組成四人一組的團隊
9 the aim of sth 某事的目的
10 the aim is to ``` 目的是去``````
P98
1create new words by putting two words together 通過(guò)連接兩個(gè)詞來(lái)創(chuàng )造新詞
2 add a hyphen between the two words 在兩個(gè)詞中間加上一個(gè)連字符
3 add hyphens if necessary 如果必要的話(huà)加上連字符
4 bring a first aid box 帶上一個(gè)急救箱
P99-101
1 look down on /upon sb 看不起某人
2 do voluntary work 做支援工作
3 exercise to kip fit 通過(guò)鍛煉保持健康
P102-103
1 as much information as possible 盡可能多的信息
2 5km south of Sunny Street Sunny街向南5千米
3 play hide-and-seek 捉迷藏
4 flat land for flying kites 用來(lái)放風(fēng)箏的平地
fly kites on the flat land
5 900 metres high/in height 900米高
6 a small lake for fishing 用來(lái)釣魚(yú)的小湖
7 be close to 接近
8 the Kite Festival 風(fēng)箏節
9 facts about the hill 關(guān)于小山的事實(shí)
10 route of the walk 行走的路線(xiàn)
11 best of all .最好地
12 the perfect place 完美的地方
13 find the information useful 找出有用的信息
14 tips for joining a charity walk 參加慈善之行的技巧
15 bring an umbrella if necessary 如果必要的話(huà)帶一把傘
P104
1 your top teeth touch your bottom lip 上排牙齒碰到下唇
2 the sound of violins 小提琴的聲音
3 sing with very beautiful voices 用非常優(yōu)美的聲音唱
P105-106
1 the flow chart 流程表
2 provide a chance to study 提供一次學(xué)習機會(huì )
3 details of the event 活動(dòng)的細節
4 get an application form 拿一張申請表
5 return the form on or before 15th May在五月十五或之前交回表格
6 collection of funds 捐款總額
7 Don’t miss the chance. 不要錯過(guò)這次機會(huì )。
8 certificates for walk 慈善之行的證書(shū)
9 receive a certificate 獲得一張證書(shū)
10 contact sb on 5558 6390 撥打55586390與某人聯(lián)系
P107
1 have the chance to do so 有機會(huì )這么做
2 improve the lives of poor people 改進(jìn)窮人的生活
