議論文的論證方法多種多樣，有歸納法、推理法、對照法和駁論法。而不同觀(guān)點(diǎn)對比型議論文常用的論證方法是對照法即對所有的事實(shí)、方面進(jìn)行對照，然后加以分析，得出結論。所以此類(lèi)文章有其約定俗成的寫(xiě)作模板即：一、問(wèn)題的提出（雙方就某一問(wèn)題有不同的看法）；二、正面論述（同意此問(wèn)題的人陳述支持的理由）；三、反面論述（持有相反觀(guān)點(diǎn)的人陳述反對的理由）；四、得出結論（結合雙方的觀(guān)點(diǎn)得出一個(gè)客觀(guān)公正的結論）。
寫(xiě)作時(shí)注意事項：（1）注意漢語(yǔ)式思維方式對英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作的影響，學(xué)會(huì )用英語(yǔ)式思維方式進(jìn)行思考，盡量使用地道英語(yǔ)句式結構；（2）注意多使用一些連接詞，使整個(gè)文章如行云流水，讓人賞心悅目。
【典型例題】
最近你班舉行了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于“動(dòng)物園里籠養動(dòng)物好不好的討論”。假如你是李華，請你根據下表提供的信息，用英語(yǔ)將討論的結果向某中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)報投稿，并陳述你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
贊成的同學(xué)認為
反對的同學(xué)認為
你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)
1. 有機會(huì )親眼目睹野生動(dòng)物
1. 浪費人力物力
……
2. 有助于培養對動(dòng)物和自然的熱愛(ài)
2. 破壞生態(tài)平衡
3. 能保護動(dòng)物免受野生環(huán)境的危害
3. 動(dòng)物失去自由
【思路分析】
此文一看便知是我們談到的不同觀(guān)點(diǎn)列舉型議論文，根據此類(lèi)文章的約定俗成的框架結構我們分析如下：文章的第一部分即議題的提出部分已給出；重點(diǎn)應放正面論述、反面論述以及得出結論三個(gè)部分；確定文章的框架結構后對本文的要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，語(yǔ)言詳略得當，生動(dòng)得體；注意在行文時(shí)恰當地使用過(guò)渡詞，為整篇文章增加亮色。
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we held on whether it is good to keep animals in zoos. There are two different opinions about it.
Some students are in favor of it. Firstly, they think it provides chances for people to see wild animals. Secondly, it might develop people’s love for animals and nature. Besides, animals in zoos can be protected from dangers in the wild. Students, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some students are against the idea. For one thing, they think that it is a waste of time and labor to keep animals in zoos. For another, it will damage the balance of nature. What is more, animals will lose their freedom if caged in zoos.
In my opinion, whether it is good to keep animals in zoos just depends. If it is really good for the protection of some endangered animals, maybe it is good to keep these animals in zoos. But if it is just to meet the demand of people, I totally disagree with it.
通過(guò)以上分析，我們可以總結出不同觀(guān)點(diǎn)列舉型議論文的框架結構或者說(shuō)寫(xiě)作模板：
Recently, … have had a heated discussion on whether … or not. Different people have different opinions about it (There are two different opinions about it / Their views mainly fall into two groups).
Some think it necessary (some are in favor of it). Firstly, . Secondly, . What’s more / besides / what’s worse / also / to make the matter worse, . However / on the contrary, … differ in their opinions on this matter. Some think it unnecessary / some don’t think so / some are against it. For one thing, . For another, .
In my opinion (As far as I am concerned), whether … or not just depends .
溫馨提示：除了掌握文章的寫(xiě)作模板之外，了解以下幾個(gè)方面對于學(xué)好英語(yǔ)以及提高英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作水平都大有裨益：
1. 注意英美人與中國人思維方式的不同。英美人思維方式是直線(xiàn)式，他們在遣詞造句謀篇上遵循著(zhù)從一般（general）到具體（specific），從概括（summarize）到舉例（exemplify），從整體（whole）到個(gè)體（respective）原則。不同觀(guān)點(diǎn)列舉型議論文的寫(xiě)作模板是先表明支持或反對的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，然后再陳述支持或反對的理由。
2. 注意英漢句子結構特點(diǎn)的不同。英語(yǔ)重形和，漢語(yǔ)重意和。英語(yǔ)句子中如果少了連接詞如firstly, secondly, what’s more, in my opinion, or, but, if, so, because, so that，所要表達意思就支離破碎了，而漢語(yǔ)沒(méi)連接詞，只從句子本身意思就可以把概念或關(guān)系表達清楚。
3. 如果句子清一色是簡(jiǎn)單句，文章必定很單調乏味。如果全篇充滿(mǎn)了冗長(cháng)的復雜句，讀起來(lái)也很費力。最好的方法是以簡(jiǎn)單句為基礎，配合適當的并列句和復雜句。簡(jiǎn)單句可長(cháng)可短，通常要加些附屬成分，如分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞短語(yǔ)、不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)為文章增添亮色。
【實(shí)戰演練】
三班的同學(xué)進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)有關(guān)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習的討論。討論的題目是：學(xué)習英語(yǔ)要不要從兒童時(shí)期開(kāi)始？請你根據下表中的提示寫(xiě)一篇短文，介紹討論的情況以及你個(gè)人的看法。
一些同學(xué)認為
另一些同學(xué)認為
你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)
1. 應從兒童時(shí)期開(kāi)始學(xué)習英語(yǔ)
1. 不應從兒童時(shí)期開(kāi)始學(xué)習英語(yǔ)
……
2. 兒童時(shí)期記憶力好，可以記住很多單詞
2. 兒童時(shí)期既要學(xué)習漢語(yǔ)拼音又要學(xué)英語(yǔ)，易混淆
3. 能為以后的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習打下堅實(shí)的基礎
3. 會(huì )影響漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習和今后英語(yǔ)學(xué)習
參考詞匯：基礎foundation；漢語(yǔ)拼音 Chinese pinyin
(One possible version)
The students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood. Their opinions fall into two groups.
Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood. First of all, as little boys and girls have a very good memory, they can learn a lot of English words by heart. What’s more, learning English from childhood will help them lay a solid foundation for their future learning. However, others totally disagree with it. For one thing, children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school. If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time, it will be very easy to mix them up. Furthermore, learning English too early will do a lot of harm not only to their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning.
As far as I am concerned, whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood just depends. If some children show great interest in learning English, it is necessary for them to learn English. Those children who are tired of learning English should not be forced to learn English.
