圖表作文必修3
寫(xiě)作指導 (4)
圖表作文
圖表作文是近年來(lái)高考??嫉念}型之一。圖表作文的體裁多為議論文、應用文和說(shuō)明文,內容多涉及前后變化對比、正反觀(guān)點(diǎn)對比或產(chǎn)品介紹等。要求考生通過(guò)數據、文字內容分析,系統準確地表達出圖表含義,并得出令人信服的結論。
一、圖表作文的命題形式
1.表格式
將統計的數據或被說(shuō)明的對象直接用表格形式體現出來(lái),即統計表。這類(lèi)題型一般以說(shuō)明文和議論文居多,往往是介紹、說(shuō)明某種情況或辯論某種觀(guān)點(diǎn)、看法,但有時(shí)也可能是記敘文。
2.圖像式
可分為以曲線(xiàn)形式表示數據變化的線(xiàn)形圖、以條形形式表示數據大小或數量之間差異的條形圖,以圓內扇形面積的大小表示總體中部分結構變化的圓形圖等。這類(lèi)題型一般以說(shuō)明文居多,是一些關(guān)于生產(chǎn)、銷(xiāo)售、發(fā)展進(jìn)程等各種項目統計的示意圖。
二、圖表作文的應試策略
1.審讀圖表前的文字說(shuō)明,弄清圖表的性質(zhì),做到“四確定”。首先,確定文章的體裁;其次,確定文章的結構;再次,確定文章的時(shí)態(tài);最后,確定文章的人稱(chēng)。
2.審讀圖表后的要求,尋找做題規律,要注意以下幾個(gè)方面:
(1)詞數:100左右。
(2)開(kāi)頭或結尾已給出,這就要求考生首先不能另行開(kāi)頭或結尾;其次,要細讀所給語(yǔ)句的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)言的表達風(fēng)格,力求前后一致。
(3)內容完整,即要點(diǎn)齊全,寫(xiě)作時(shí)要注意詳略得當和準確全面。
(4)行文連貫。行文必須做到形連和意連。形連要力求自我特色詞匯的使用,以增加得分“亮點(diǎn)”。意連要求能涵蓋高考書(shū)面表達中各種文體常用的一些特色詞匯,如however;besides;instead;in the meanwhile;for instance;on the contrary;worse still;in conclusion;all of a sudden;as a matter of fact等,這樣才能寫(xiě)出好文章。
(5)注意句式的變化,力求在語(yǔ)言表達正確的基礎上追求句式變換,確保語(yǔ)言表達的高級性。常見(jiàn)寫(xiě)作技巧主要包括:簡(jiǎn)單句與復合句的交替使用;主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為主,適度穿插被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);大膽使用平行結構;適當調整句中定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)的位置,使句子表達多樣化;三大從句與三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞靈活使用;特殊句式(如強調句、感嘆句、疑問(wèn)句、省略句)點(diǎn)綴其間等。
注意:1.詞數100左右,信的格式已為你寫(xiě)好;
2.可根據內容要點(diǎn)適當增加細節,以使行文連貫;
3.參考詞匯:牛津Oxford;費用fee。
Dear Sir/Madam,
________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
案例分析⊙
這是一篇典型的圖表式作文,要求寫(xiě)一封電子郵件,詢(xún)問(wèn)旅行社有關(guān)一則廣告的情況。細讀圖表和文字提示可知本文是一篇應用文,時(shí)態(tài)以一般現在時(shí)為主,人稱(chēng)為第一人稱(chēng)。本文內容要點(diǎn)包括:開(kāi)頭語(yǔ);學(xué)生票價(jià);費用是否包含景點(diǎn)門(mén)票、午餐;牛津的時(shí)間;是否有購物時(shí)間等,并稍加評論。
I’m writing for more information about the day tour to London.
As a student at Oxford University,I’d like to know if you have any special price for students.As for the money you charge,does it cover the entrance fees for visiting the places listed?What about lunch?Is it included?Or do I need to bring along my own food?How long will the tour last?Since I need to prepare my lessons for the next day,I’d like to know the time to return.Besides,is there any time for shopping?
I really want to have a look at the big stores in
Yours,
Li Hua
注意:1.詞數100左右。首句已給出,不計入總詞數;
2.參考詞匯:車(chē)輛vehicle。
With the development of industry,air pollution is getting more and more serious.___________________
【參考答案】
With the development of industry,air pollution is getting more and more serious.In this city,many people suffer from different kinds of illness because of air pollution.
Air pollution is caused by the following reasons.About half of the problem is caused by vehicles.There are more and more cars and buses on the road,which give off poisonous gases.35% of air pollution is caused by factories.Another factor is smoking.Smoking does harm to others’health as well as to that of the smokers.Besides,about 10% of air pollution is caused by other reasons.
We should take some measures to fight against pollution.New fuel can be used to take the place of gas.We can plant more trees,grass and flowers.All in all,if everybody realizes the importance of environment and does something to stop pollution,the problem will be solved.
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