知識點(diǎn)4動(dòng)詞及時(shí)態(tài)
知識概要
動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)言中是必不可少的一部分。它的語(yǔ)法現象也較多，但在初中范圍主要有以下幾方面問(wèn)題。① 時(shí)態(tài)：初中范圍主要有一般現在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現在完成時(shí)，現在進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來(lái)時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)六種時(shí)態(tài)。② 語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。③ 助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。④ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，也就是不定式，動(dòng)名詞及現在分詞、過(guò)去分詞的用法。時(shí)態(tài)主要掌握以下幾種時(shí)態(tài)的應用要點(diǎn)和習慣用法。
1一般現在時(shí)：主要有以下三方面，① 用來(lái)表示狀態(tài)，特征或不受時(shí)間限制的客觀(guān)存在和真理。如：Matter exists in three states物質(zhì)有三態(tài)。又如：The earth moves around the sun ② 表示習慣性和經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：I often go to bed at 9∶３０ ③ 在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：As soon as I get there I'll telephone you.
2一般過(guò)去時(shí)：① 主要用于表達過(guò)去時(shí)間內發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，如：I was ill last week ② 過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或習慣性動(dòng)作，如：I used to get up at six.
3一般將來(lái)時(shí)：用于表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，其構成方式① 用ｗill (shall)+動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表達將來(lái)在某一時(shí)間內要發(fā)生，或經(jīng)常、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，如：School will begin on Sepember 1st ② 用be going to+動(dòng)詞原形，用來(lái)表示不久將要發(fā)生或打算去作的動(dòng)作。如：I'm going to swim this afternoon ③ be+現在分詞，也就是用某些動(dòng)詞的現在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)，如：I'm coming。這些動(dòng)詞只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。④ 在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
4現在進(jìn)行時(shí)：用于表示現在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，如：What are you doing now?要注意的是表示狀態(tài)，情感的某些詞沒(méi)有現在進(jìn)行時(shí)，這些動(dòng)詞有：like, have (有)，love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish hope, expect…
5過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：用來(lái)表達從過(guò)去某時(shí)間點(diǎn)上看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如： He told me he would come to my party
6現在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)：現在完成時(shí)的兩個(gè)用處是：① 用來(lái)表達在過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作持續到現在，如：I've studied English for two years ② 用來(lái)表達過(guò)去發(fā)生的事但它影響到現在，如：I haven't had my breakfast. so I'm hungry now 現在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區別在于動(dòng)作的截止時(shí)間，現在完成時(shí)所表達的動(dòng)作截止于現在，而過(guò)去完成時(shí)所表達的動(dòng)作截止于過(guò)去。如：I haven't seen my old teacher for a long time 我好久未見(jiàn)到我過(guò)去的老師了。是指到目前截止。如果加上一句話(huà)，則將變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)，如：Yesterday I saw my old teacher. I hadn't seen him for a long time. 因為我好久未見(jiàn)他這一情況截止于昨天。還要注意的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是截止性動(dòng)詞可以有完成時(shí)，但不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：When I got to school, the class had begun 如果一定要講開(kāi)始幾分鐘了則要換用表示狀態(tài)，或延續性動(dòng)詞，如：When I got to school, the class had been on for five minutes
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一共有16種，以ask為例，將其各種時(shí)態(tài)的構成形式列表如下：
| | 現在時(shí) | 過(guò)去時(shí) | 將來(lái)時(shí) | 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) |
| 一般 | ask / asks | asked | shall/will ask | should/would ask |
| 進(jìn)行 | am/is/are asking | was/were asking | shall/will be asking | should/would be asking |
| 完成 | have/has asked | had asked | shall/will have asked | should/would have asked |
| 完成進(jìn)行 | have/has been asking | had been asking | shall/will have been asking | should/would have been asking |
一、考點(diǎn)分析
考點(diǎn)一：時(shí)態(tài)在狀語(yǔ)從句中的考察。（主要是時(shí)態(tài)的搭配使用）
A、“主將從現”原則
[例] ---I’ll plan a visit to Hong Kong if it ____ tomorrow .
--- Really ? I think I ________with you .
A. don’t rain , go B. won’t rain , go
C. isn’t rain , will go D. doesn’t rain , will go
B、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與三種時(shí)態(tài)的搭配使用：
一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
[例] He was sure that he his wallet in the office .
A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left
[例] When she _____ at the door, my mother _____ some washing.
A. knocked… did B. was knocking… did
C. knocked… was doing D. knocks… is doing
考點(diǎn)二：語(yǔ)境中時(shí)態(tài)的對比使用（主要是時(shí)態(tài)的區分）
A、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現在完成時(shí)的區別
[例] ----______ you ever ________ Tom before ?
---- No, I _____ him just two minutes ago.
A. Did, know ; met B. Have, known ; have met
C. Have, known; met D. Did, know; had met
B、一般現在時(shí)與現在進(jìn)行時(shí)的區別
[例] Mr. Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.
A. is writing…is writing B. is writing… writes
C. writes… is writing D. writes… writes
C、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區別
[例] — How did the accident happen?
— You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it .
A. was…was raining B. was…had rained
C. is…is raining D. was…rained
考點(diǎn)三：延續性動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)中與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配使用（主要是在完成時(shí)中的使用）
A、在特殊疑問(wèn)句中的考查
[例] -- How long ______ you __________England , Sue ?
-- Since two years ago.
A. have, been to B. have , gone to C. have , been in D. have , moved to
B、在句型中的考查
[例] It ______ two years since he _______ the Party.
A. is; has joined B. was; joined
C. has been; joined D. had been; joined
C、在一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現在完成時(shí)之間進(jìn)行轉換中的考查
[例] The meeting has been off for two hours .
It _______________________since _______________.
The meeting ___________________two hours ago.
3、易錯點(diǎn)分析
A、when引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，時(shí)態(tài)的對比使用問(wèn)題
[例] When I _____ the Children's Palace, the children _____ with joy.
A. visited… was jumping B. was visiting , jumped
C. visited… jumped D. visited , had jumped
[例] My father ______________in this school when he was 12 years old .
A. study B. was studying C. would study D. studied
B、主將從現中，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的表達方式問(wèn)題
[例] My sister to see me . She’ll be here soon.
A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came
C、回答中動(dòng)詞的重復替代問(wèn)題
[例] ----______ you ______ the text?
---- Yes, we _____ it two hours ago.
A. Did, copy; did B. Have, copied; have copied
C. Have, copied; did D. Did, copy; had
D、語(yǔ)境的限制問(wèn)題
[例] ---Hi! Kelly . I didn't see you at the party.
---Oh, I ________ ready for the maths exam.
A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got
E、時(shí)態(tài)中的“特殊”對策的原則
[例] The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ________Christmas Day.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
F、母語(yǔ)理解干擾的問(wèn)題
[例] --- I am so sorry , I ____________your number , can you say it again ?
--- 89907622
A. had forgotten B. have forgetton C. forgot D. foget
初中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)練習100題（九年級適用）
1.I will tell him as soon as he _____ back A. come B. comes C. will come D. came
2. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them.
A. tries…buys B. tries… buies C. trys… buys D. trys… buies
3. The girl often ______ cold when she ______.
A. cathcs…dances B. catches… dances C. catchs… dancees D. catches… dancee
4. _____ he ____ himself there? No, I don't think so.
A. Do…enjoy B. Does… enjoies C. Does… enjoys D. Does…enjoy
5. _____ your teacher ____ from them very often? Certainly.
A. Do…hear B. Does…hear C. Do… receive D. receive
6. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays?
A. Does…does B. Do…does C. Does…do D. Do… do
7. _____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _____.
A. Has… x…does B. Has…x…does
C. Does…has…has D. Does… have…does
8. Which teacher _____ lessons to you every day ?
A. does …gives B. does… give C. do… give D. gives
9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____? _____ , he does.
A. does he…No B. does he…Yes C. doesn't he…No D. doesn't he…Yes
10.Mr Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?
A. goes…doesn't B. goes…isn't C. doesn't go…does D. doesn't go…is
11.He usually _____ TV on Sunday evening.
A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching
12. We'll go to play with snow if it ______ tomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed
13. Neither I nor he ______ French. A. speak B. doesn't speak C. speaks D. doesn't speak
14. Nobody ______ how to run this machines.A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing
15. The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day.A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries
16. Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games.
A. swimming… playing B. swimming…plaiingC. swimming… I playing D. swimming…plaing
17. Look ! The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ .
A. playing… dance B. playing… dancingC. play… dancing D. play… dance
18. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.
A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins
19. _____ he _____ on well with his friends this term ?
A. Does…gets B. Does…get C. Is…getting D. Is…geting
20. Mr Smith _____ short stories, but he ____ a TV play these days.
A. is writing…is writing B. is writing… writes C. writes… is writing D. writes… writes
21. I _____ to the cinema. I ______ there every Sunday.
A. go…go B. am going… go C. go… am going D. am going…am going
22. Look, they______ a good time, ____ they ?
A. have…do B. have…don't C. are having…are D. are having… aren't
23. You ______ about the future now, ______ you ?
A. don't think…don't B. aren't thinking… aren't C. don't think… do D. aren't thinking… are
24. She always ______ something whenever she ______.
A .studied…played B. studied…plaied C.. studied…plaied D. studied… played
25. He often _____ late in the forest. It _____ me very much.,
A. stayed…worried B. staied… worried C. stayed…worryed D. staied… worried
26. I ______that the boy _____ with no tears in his eyes.
A. noticed… cryed B. noticed… cried C. noticed…cried D. noticed… cryed
27. We _____the floor and _____ all the windows.
A. mopped… cleanned B. moped… cleaned C. mopped…cleaned D. moped… cleaned
28. When I _____ the Children's Palace, the children _____ with joy.
A. visited… jumpped B. visited… jumped C. visited… jumped D. visited… jumpped
29. ______ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes , they ______.
A. Did they have… did B. Did they have… had C. Had they… had D. Had they… did
30. ____ you _____out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I ______.
A. Did…went…went B. Did… go… went C. Did… went… did D. Did… go… did
31. _____ Jack _____ on with his work or ______ to have a rest?
A. Did… went… stopped B. Did… go… stop C. Did… went… stop D. Did… go… stopped
32. You gave them a talk two days ago, _____you ? Yes, I ______.
A. did… did B. did… gave C. didn't… did D. didn't… gave
33. ____ your brother _____ a letter to ? My father.
A. Who… wrote B. What…wrote C. Who did…write D. What did… write
34. They _____ about the TV news then in the sitting-room. They often ____ such talks
A. talked…had B. talk…have C. were talking…had D. are talking…have
35. He ______ some cooking at that time, so _____ me.
A. did… heard B. did… didn't hear C. was doing… heard D. was doing… didn't hear
36. " _____ you angry then?" "They_ too much noise.”
A. Are…were making B. Were…were making C. Are…made D. Were… made
37. This time yesterday Jack _____ his, bike. He _____ TV.
A. repaired… didn't watch B. was repairing… watched
C. repaired… watched D. was repairing… wasn't watching
38. We _____ for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us ______.
A. were waiting… waiting B. were waiting… wait C. waited… waiting D. waited… wait
39. When you _____ at the door, I _____ some washing.
A. knocked… did B. was knocking… did C. knocked… was doing D. knock… am doing
40. The boy_____ English on the radio when I _____ his door.
A. learned… was opening B. was learning… opened C. learned… opened D. is learning… open
41. When they______ through the forest, a bear _____ at them.
A. walked… was coming B. were walking… came C. were talking… comes D. walk… is coming
42. A young man _____ her while she _____ her work .
A. watched… was finishing B. was watching… finished
C. watched… finished D. was watching… was finishing
43. While mother _____ some washing, I ______ a kite for Kack.
A. did… made B. was doing… made C. was doing… was making D. did… was making
44. I _____ myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. I _____ to work.
A. was teaching… didn't go B. taught… didn't go C. was teaching… went D. taught… went
45. He _____ a model plane when I came to see him.A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made
46. I ______ a letter at nine last night. A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. is writing
47. The teacher_____ (give) us a history lesson when Tom walked into the classroom.
A. gave B. is giving C. was given D. was giving
48. There will be a football match in two days, that is _______.
A. last Sunday B. next Sunday C. every Sunday D. this Sunday
49. We ______ class meeting this November. A. had B. have C. will have D. are having
50. He ______ in his garden every morning next year.
A. will work B. works C. worked D. is working
51. Be careful. The train ______.A. will come B. C. comes D. is coming
52. Look at those clouds. It _____ soon, I'm afraid.
A. is going to rain B. is raining C. will rain D. won't rain
53. The radio says it ______ the day after tomorrow.
A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows
54. _____ he _____ some shopping tomorrow afternoon ?
A. Will…does B. is going to do C. is…doing D. Shall… do
55. What day _____ it ______ tomorrow ? Wednesday.
A. is… going to be B. will…be C. shall…be D. does…be
56. The boy _______ sixteen years old next year.
A. is going to be B. is growing to be C. will be D. is
57. _____ you ____ me up at six, please ?
A. Are…going to wake B. Are…waking C. Will…wake D. Do…wake
58. If he ______ to college, he _____ a lot more.
A. will go…will learn B. will go…is going to learn
C. is going… is going to learn D. goes… will learn
59. When she _____ next time ,l ______ her everything.
A. is going to come…shall tell B. will come…shall tell
C. comes…will tell D. come…will tell
60. What day ____ it ____ tomorrow ? It ____Tuesday.
A. is…going to be… is B. will…be…will C. is…going to be…is going D. will be…will be
61. She _____that she _____ her best to help them the next term.
A. says…will do B. said…will do C. said… would do D. says…would do
62. People _____ that the Smiths _____ for a holiday next week.
A. say… will go B. said… will go C. said… would go D. say…would go
63. Nobody _____ us that he _____ even stricter with us
A. tell…will be B. tells…would be C. told…will be D. told…would be
64. Please _____ him that we _____ able to help him.
A. tell…will be B. tells… would be C. told…will be D. told… would be
65. Jack _____ that they _____ surprised to see it this Friday.
A. know… would be B. knows… will be C. knew… would be D. knew… will be
66. I _____to know if Mary_____ by train that afternoon.
A. want… would go B. want… will go C. wanted… would go D. wanted… will go
67. _____ he _____ that they _____ home tomorrow?
A. Does… learn… would go B. Does… learn… will go
C. Did… learn… would go D. Did… learn… will go
68. We _____ that they _____ a sports meet tomorrow.
A. learn… would have B. have learned… would have
C. learn… will have D. have learned… will have
69. ____ you _____ that he _____ his lost son one day ?
A. Do…think…will find B. Do…thought…would find
C. Did…think…will find D. Did…thought…would find
70. I _____ that you _____ good care of her that day.
A. thought…will take B. thought…would take C. think… will take B. think… would take
71. The visitors _____ where they _____ a short test.
A. ask… would take B. ask… will take C. asked… would take D. asked… can take
72. John ____ sure that he ____ good at chemistry soon.
A. be… will be B. is, would be C. was… will be D. was… would be
73. She ____ ill so she ____ able to go skating the next day.
A. is… won't be B. is… wouldn't be C. was… won' be D. was… wouldn't be
74. He _____ the thief to the police when he _____ the man again.
A. would take… would meet B. would take…met C. will take… will meet D. will take… meet
75. Mother ____ me a new coat yesterday, I _____ it on. It fits me well.
A. has made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried
76. " He ____ to draw horses already ."" When ____he ?”. " Last year. "
A. learned…has B. learned…did C. has learned…has D. has learned…did
77. Tom ____ up into the tree. Look, he _____ high up there !
A. has got… is B. has climbed… was C. got… was D. climbed… is
78. _____you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we _____ it two hours ago.
A. Did…copy…did B. Have… copied…have C. Have… copied… did D. Did …copy…had
79. "Why she angry?" "Because he _____ at he just now.
A. did… get, shouted B. has…got…shouted C. did… get… has shouted D. has…got…has shouted
80. _____ you ______ the film before ? Where ____ you _____ it ?
A. Have… seen… did… see B. Did…see…die…watch
C. Have…seen… have… seen D. Did…see…have…seen
81. You _____ me waiting for two hours. I _____ for you since five.
A. Kept…waited B. have kept…waited C. kept…have waited D. have kept…have waited
82. Where _____John _____? To the library. He _____ there for an hour.
A. has… been … has gone B. has…gone…has been C. did… go… went D. did…be…went
83. _____ the baby still _____ ? No, it ______ crying.
A. Has… cried… has stopped B. Is…crying…stopped
C. Did… cry… stopped D. Is…crying…has stopped
84. I _____ the way. I ______ here for quite many years.
A. knew… have lived B. knew… live C. know… have lived D. know… live
85. _____ you ever _____America ? Yes, I have.
A. Have… gone to B. Have… gone in C. Have… been to D. Have… been in
86. My brother _______ college for over three years.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been for
87. He _____ the Army by the end of 1992. He ____ in the army since then.
A. joined…is B. has joined…has been C. had joined…is D. has joined… has been
88. By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten metres.
A. came…have climbed B. came…had climbed C. come…have climbed D. had come…climbed
89. Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o'clock. Then he____ a test.
A. went…took B. went…had taken C. had gone…took D. had gone…had taken
90. We _____ out by that time that he ____ a thief for a long time.
A. had found…had been B. had found…was C. found…had been D. found…was
91. Before the new _____ him, he ____ to know about it.
A. reaches… has got B. reached…had got C. reached… got D. had reached…got
92. I _____ him a second letter before I _____ from him.
A. wrote… heard B. wrote… had heard C. had written… heard D. have written… hear
93. We _____ in a good harvest because we ______ enough rain.
A. didn't get… had had B. got… had had C. had got… had bad D. got… hadn't had
94. They ____for five hours when they ____ in
A. flew…arrived B. had flown…had arrived C. flew…had arrived D. had flown…arrived
95. She ____ that it ____ for two days by that day.
A. says…has rained B. says…had rained C. said… had rained D. said…rained
96. John _____ there since the year before, so he ____ them.
A. had worked…knew B. had worked….had known C. worked…knew D. worked…had known'
97. He _____ angry because he _____ for a long time.
A. had got…had waited B. got…waited C. had got…waited D. got…had waited
98. Paper _____ first invented in
99. The Greens _____
A. has been in B. have been in C. went to D. has gone to
100.There _____ an eraser under the desk. Is it yours ? A. is B. has C. was D. had
31.It is impolite to laugh at the people who are 處于困境 .
32． Thanks for ______________ of my dog.照顧
33． The manager is __________ his work. 忙于
34． Stamps for posting letters. 用于
35． What do you that film / movie? 認為
36．Miss Liu Chinese. 教我們的
37．I did not leave until he .回來(lái)
38． Would you mind the radio? 調小
39． Their talk last week lasted five hours. 長(cháng)達
40．We must the new term. 準備
41． After he left school, he began to English. 自學(xué)
42． I 20 yuan this dictionary last Sunday. 買(mǎi)
43． The bottle is water. 裝滿(mǎn)
44．These toys are wood. 用…..做的
45．It’s said that the powder was used for fruits and vegetables .
46．我們希望你戒煙，這對你的健康有利。
We hope you can give up , will be good for your health.
47．這是他本星期收到的第三封信。
This is the that he has received this week.
48． Guilin is one of the places that they have ever visited. 最美麗
49． Are you ________ ________ _ dogs? 害怕
50． My parents didn’t _____ ___________ ___ me yesterday.同意
51． He _______ _ swim ______ ____ . 根本不會(huì )
52． We arrived in Guangzhou _____ ___ _____ ___ last Saturday.同時(shí)
53． Please _______ _ his things ____ ______ . 收好
54． You should send him to the hospital .立刻
55． _________ Tim _________ Jim are doctors. 都是
56． Uncle Wang are ______ _______ _____ machines.忙于制造
57． They often help ___ ____________ _____ . 互相
58. We __ _______ ____ _____ all the oranges yesterday .吃光
59. He _____ __________ ____ the Chinese exam last time . 考得好
60. Did you ______ _____________ ______ in
61. How do we _________________ our problems? 處理
62. Her bag is ______________________ apples. 裝滿(mǎn)
63. I ______ __ lots of _____ ____ in the exam yesterday .犯錯
64. He likes ______ ______ ____ with others .交朋友
65. Please __________ me ___________ tomorrow morning. 叫醒
66. The boss ___ _____ me ___________ last week . 打電話(huà)
67. There is a river ______ ___ _____ ___ his house .前面
68. You can ____________________ his idea . 考慮
69. 他一到那兒就會(huì )打電話(huà)給我。
He will give me a ______ ___ as soon as he ___ ______ there.
70. His brother helps me _______ __ ______ ____ . 一直
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