本節內容
uwsgi 介紹
uwsgi安裝使用
nginx安裝配置老師
django with nginx
如何在生產(chǎn)上部署Django?
Django的部署可以有很多方式，采用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比較常見(jiàn)的一種方式。
uwsgi介紹
uWSGI是一個(gè)Web服務(wù)器，它實(shí)現了WSGI協(xié)議、uwsgi、http等協(xié)議。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的作用是與uWSGI服務(wù)器進(jìn)行交換。
要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 這三個(gè)概念的區分。
WSGI是一種Web服務(wù)器網(wǎng)關(guān)接口。它是一個(gè)Web服務(wù)器（如nginx，uWSGI等服務(wù)器）與web應用（如用Flask框架寫(xiě)的程序）通信的一種規范。
uwsgi是一種線(xiàn)路協(xié)議而不是通信協(xié)議，在此常用于在uWSGI服務(wù)器與其他網(wǎng)絡(luò )服務(wù)器的數據通信。
而uWSGI是實(shí)現了uwsgi和WSGI兩種協(xié)議的Web服務(wù)器。
uwsgi協(xié)議是一個(gè)uWSGI服務(wù)器自有的協(xié)議，它用于定義傳輸信息的類(lèi)型（type of information），每一個(gè)uwsgi packet前4byte為傳輸信息類(lèi)型描述，它與WSGI相比是兩樣東西。
uwsgi性能非常高
uWSGI的主要特點(diǎn)如下
超快的性能
低內存占用（實(shí)測為apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右）
多app管理（終于不用冥思苦想下個(gè)app用哪個(gè)端口比較好了-.-）
詳盡的日志功能（可以用來(lái)分析app性能和瓶頸）
高度可定制（內存大小限制，服務(wù)一定次數后重啟等）
總而言之uwgi是個(gè)部署用的好東東，正如uWSGI作者所吹噓的：
If you are searching for a simple wsgi-only server, uWSGI is not for you, but if you are building a real (production-ready) app that need to be rock-solid, fast and easy to distribute/optimize for various load-average, you will pathetically and morbidly fall in love (we hope) with uWSGI.
Uwsgi 安裝使用
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# Install the latest stable release:
pip install uwsgi
# ... or if you want to install the latest LTS (long term support) release,
pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz
基本測試
Create a file called test.py:
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# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return [b'Hello World'] # python3
#return ['Hello World'] # python2
運行
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uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
用uwsgi 啟動(dòng)django
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uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi
可以把參數寫(xiě)到配置文件里
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alex@alex-ubuntu:~/uwsgi-test$ more crazye-uwsgi.ini
[uwsgi]
http = :9000
#the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx
socket = 127.0.0.1:8001
# the base directory (full path)
chdir = /home/alex/CrazyEye
# Django's wsgi file
wsgi-file = CrazyEye/wsgi.py
# maximum number of worker processes
processes = 4
#thread numbers startched in each worker process
threads = 2
#monitor uwsgi status
stats = 127.0.0.1:9191
# clear environment on exit
vacuum = true
啟動(dòng)
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/usr/local/bin/uwsgi crazye-uwsgi.ini
Nginx安裝使用
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sudo apt-get install nginx
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start # start nginx
為你的項目生成Nginx配置文件
You will need the uwsgi_params file, which is available in the nginx directory of the uWSGI distribution, or from https://github.com/nginx/nginx/blob/master/conf/uwsgi_params
Copy it into your project directory. In a moment we will tell nginx to refer to it.
Now create a file called mysite_nginx.conf, and put this in it:
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# mysite_nginx.conf
# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to
upstream django {
# server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
}
# configuration of the server
server {
# the port your site will be served on
listen 8000;
# the domain name it will serve for
server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
charset utf-8;
# max upload size
client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste
# Django media
location /media {
alias /path/to/your/mysite/media; # your Django project's media files - amend as required
}
location /static {
alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
}
# Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.
location / {
uwsgi_pass django;
include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed
}
}
This conf file tells nginx to serve up media and static files from the filesystem, as well as handle requests that require Django’s intervention. For a large deployment it is considered good practice to let one server handle static/media files, and another handle Django applications, but for now, this will do just fine.
Symlink to this file from /etc/nginx/sites-enabled so nginx can see it:
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sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
Deploying static files
Before running nginx, you have to collect all Django static files in the static folder. First of all you have to edit mysite/settings.py adding:
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STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static/')
and then run
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python manage.py collectstatic
此時(shí)啟動(dòng)Nginx 和Uwsgi，你的django項目就可以實(shí)現高并發(fā)啦！
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