● 關(guān)系詞的選擇 ●
定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩大類(lèi)。關(guān)系代詞起著(zhù)代詞和連詞的作用，而關(guān)系副詞起著(zhù)副詞(或介詞短語(yǔ))和連詞的作用。
◆關(guān)系代詞that、which、who(m)、whose引導定語(yǔ)從句
1)關(guān)系代詞that只能用于限定性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(不可作介詞的賓語(yǔ))。例如：
Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited threemonths ago?(2005北京春)
A. whereB. when C. that D. what
解析：C。先行詞是the chickenfarm，定語(yǔ)從句缺賓語(yǔ)，所以應用關(guān)系代詞that、which或省略關(guān)系代詞，選C。本題所給選項中，where、when都是關(guān)系副詞，而what不能指代地點(diǎn)。
2)關(guān)系代詞which可引導非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，作從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，指代整個(gè)主句或主句中的部分內容；此時(shí)，其引導的定語(yǔ)從句一般位于主句后面，常譯為“這(那)件事……”。例如：
His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ wasbeyond his wildest dream. (2007 上海)
A. which B. that C. whereD. it
解析：答案選A。關(guān)系代詞which在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指代整個(gè)主句。
注意：That和which作關(guān)系代詞，引導定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的主要區別為：which可用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，指代物或整個(gè)主句或主句中的一部分，也可以用于介詞之后；而that則不能用于上述兩種結構中。
3)關(guān)系代詞who和whom引導定語(yǔ)從句，都可用于指人，用法類(lèi)似。區別主要在于：whom在從句中只能作賓語(yǔ)；而who在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以代替在從句中擔任賓格的whom，但它的前面不能有介詞；如果用于介詞后指人時(shí)，必須用賓格的whom。在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，whom不可用that或who替代。例如：
Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have agreater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't.(2006北京)
A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who
C. who; who D. 不填; 不填
解析：C。兩處空格后均為定語(yǔ)從句，均缺少關(guān)系詞。第一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是woman，要用關(guān)系代詞引導從句，同時(shí)該從句中缺主語(yǔ)，用who；第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是those，在句中指人，其定語(yǔ)從句也缺少主語(yǔ)，用who。所以選C。
4)Whose引導定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其后應緊跟一個(gè)名詞，構成名詞短語(yǔ)，即“whose+名詞”的形式；whose引導的定語(yǔ)從句，其先行詞不僅可指人，還可指物；若指物時(shí)，還可用ofwhich代替，但詞序不同，即“whose + 名詞 = the + 名詞+ of which”。例如：
·Look out! Don't get too close to the house _______ roof isunder repair. (2006福建)
A. whose B. which
C. of which D. what
解析：A。關(guān)系代詞whose意為“……的”，表示所屬關(guān)系，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾從句的主語(yǔ)roof；從句中whoseroof 指的是the house'sroof。由于roof前缺少修飾限定詞，故此處不能用ofwhich代替。
·Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was veryreasonable. (2000上海)
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
解析：B。先行詞為“an ancient Chinesevase”，而定語(yǔ)從句講述的是這個(gè)vase的price如何如何，同時(shí)，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，所以要用whoseprice或the price of which來(lái)引導從句。
◆關(guān)系副詞where、when、why引導定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞where、when、why引導的定語(yǔ)從句，分別在從句中充當地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因狀語(yǔ)。
· If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop. (2005 上海)
A. that B. which C. when D. where
解析：D。先行詞是chairs，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，要用where，相當于“inwhich”。
·We are living in an age ____ many things are done oncomputer. (2003 北京)
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
解析：D。先行詞是age，when引導定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
◆As引導定語(yǔ)從句
1)As用于限定性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構成thesame...as、such...as等結構。例如：
· I like the same book as you do. (as作賓語(yǔ))
· I've never seen such a clever boy as he is.(as作表語(yǔ))
· I shall do it in the same way as you did.(as作狀語(yǔ))
· These houses are sold at such a low price _____ peopleexpected. (2000 上海春)
A. like B. as C. that D. which
解析：答案選B。As在定語(yǔ)從句中作expected的賓語(yǔ)。
2)As引導非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，作從句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用來(lái)指代整個(gè)主句的內容，常譯為“正如……”。但不同于which，as引導的定語(yǔ)從句既可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，還可位于主句中間。例如：
·The Beatles, _____ many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool. (2006 天津)
A. what B. that C. how D. as
解析：D。As代表整個(gè)主句The Beatles came fromLiverpool，作定語(yǔ)從句中remember的賓語(yǔ)。
·____ is reported in the newspapers, talks between thecountries are making progress. (2004 北京)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
解析：B。As代表整個(gè)主句talks between the countriesare makingprogress，作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)。句意為：正如報紙上所報道的那樣，各國的會(huì )談取得了進(jìn)展。
● 關(guān)系詞的省略 ●
◆限定性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的省略
1)關(guān)系代詞的省略：當關(guān)系代詞that、who(m)、which在作從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略；但是whom和which若在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可以省略。例如：
·— Do you have anything to say for yourselves? (2006江西)
— Yes, there's one point _______ we must insist on.
A. why B. where C. how D. /
解析：D。該題中的先行詞是onepoint，定語(yǔ)從句we must insiston前省略了作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which或that。
·— Why does she always ask you for help?
— There is no one else ______, is there? (2005北京)
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
解析：B。該題中的先行詞是no one else，she canturnto前省略了作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom或who；值得注意的是,本句還可以寫(xiě)成to whom she can turn。
2) 關(guān)系副詞的省略：
?、賂he time、every time、each time、themoment等后的關(guān)系副詞可省略。例如：By the time (when)he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced mathematicsall by himself.
?、谠谀承┍硎镜攸c(diǎn)的名詞(如theplace)后，關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)也可以省略。例如：This isthe place (where) we met years ago.
?、巯刃性~thereason后面的關(guān)系副詞可省略。例如：The reason (why) hedid that is quite clear.
?、墚斚刃性~是way時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞常常省略。例如：Iappreciate the way (that) you teach us.
·What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.(2004 湖北)
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
解析：A。根據句意該用theway，所以在A(yíng)和D中選擇。然后考查theway后接定語(yǔ)從句的用法，具體用法有三種：(1)用inwhich引導；(2)用that引導；(3)省略關(guān)系副詞。此題屬于第三種用法，應選A。
◆非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的省略
非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞不可以省略，并且指物只能用which，指人只能用who(主格)/whom(賓格)，不能用that。例如：
·Anyway, that evening, ______ I'll tell you more aboutlater, I ended up staying at Rachel's place. (2004 浙江)
A. when B. where C. what D. which
解析：D。這是一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，which在定語(yǔ)從句中作about的賓語(yǔ)，不能省略。
·The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a comeback,attracted a lot of attention. (2002 北京春)
A. where B. when C. which D. who
解析：D。先行詞為T(mén)he famous basketballstar，表示人，所以關(guān)系詞要用who；同時(shí)，who在從句中作主語(yǔ)，不可以省略。
● 從句的位置 ●
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，定語(yǔ)從句總是緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后，比較容易找出從句；但有時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞會(huì )被介詞或其他成分分隔，從而給從句的辨別帶來(lái)一定的難度。下面，就來(lái)看從句和先行詞被分隔開(kāi)的兩種情況。
◆被介詞分隔
定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞被介詞分隔，實(shí)際上也就是關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)。此時(shí)，關(guān)系詞多和介詞一起放在先行詞和從句之間。用于這種情況的關(guān)系代詞一般為which(指物)和whom(指人)，that一般不能放在介詞之后。例如：
· He was educated at a local high school, ____ he went on toBeijing University. (2007 江蘇)
A. after which B. after that
C. in which D. in that
解析：A。根據從句的意思確定是介詞after“在……之后”，which在此指代整個(gè)主句Hewas educated at a local high school，故答案選A。
· Frank's dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce theworkings of his own hands. (2005 湖南)
A. that B. in which
C. by which D. how
解析：B。該題是考查“介詞+ 關(guān)系代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”的特殊結構，它可以還原為：Frank'sdream was to have his own shop in which he could produce theworkings of his own hands.
注意：有時(shí)候關(guān)系副詞when和where也可以用在介詞之后，如sincewhen、by when和from where等。例如：
· The book was written in 1946, ____ the education systemhas witnessed great changes. (2007 山東)
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
解析：D。根據從句的意思確定是選sincewhen，when在此指代時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)1946。
◆被其他成分分隔
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，定語(yǔ)從句總是緊跟著(zhù)它所修飾的先行詞，但有時(shí)候定語(yǔ)從句如果緊接先行詞會(huì )引起主句頭重腳輕或句意分隔等問(wèn)題，此時(shí)，從句和先行詞被其他成分分隔。例如：
· The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farmingtwo years ago. (2007 福建)
A. when B. which C. that D. where
解析：選D。定語(yǔ)從句where we learned farming twoyears ago修飾它的先行詞the village，中間被謂語(yǔ)hasdeveloped a lot隔開(kāi)。
· After graduation she reached a point in her career _____she needed to decide what to do. (2007 江西)
A. that B. what C. which D. where
解析：選D。定語(yǔ)從句where she needed to decide whatto do修飾它的先行詞a point，中間被定語(yǔ)in hercareer隔開(kāi)。
除了以上考查定語(yǔ)從句自身所包含的一些考點(diǎn)，在高考英語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)也結合其他考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行考查。最常見(jiàn)的有：在強調結構的省略句型中考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的選擇。例如：
·— Where did you get to know her?
— It was on the farm ____ we worked. (2007 山東)
A. that B. there C. which D. where
解析：D。該題很容易誤選A。解題時(shí)，先還原句子：Itwas on the farm (where we worked) that I got to know her.還原后，不難發(fā)現：原來(lái)這個(gè)句子主句實(shí)際上是強調結構“Itwas...that”省略了that I got to knowher?？崭裉幍脑~實(shí)際上要引導一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾限定farm。
以上是對高考英語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)的分析，希望能對大家學(xué)習定語(yǔ)從句有所幫助。
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