【要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】
一.
1.規則變化:加-s, -es; 輔音字母加y結尾的去y加ies;把f/fe變成ves;
(1)keys , three Henrys; stomachs; safes; beliefs; proofs; roofs;gulfs; chiefs; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes; Negroes; dingoes
(2) 縮寫(xiě),數字,字母等在后面加s或’s都可,如: some VIPs (VIP’s);in his 50s / 50’s; in the 1990s / 1990’s; There are two t’s inthe word “l(fā)etter”.
2.不規則變化:
(1)men , children , feet, teeth, geese, mice; oxen等;
(2)單復數形式相同:sheep; deer; fish; means; works(工廠(chǎng));Chinese; Japanese; Swiss; (teas, fruits, fishes,metals等表示種類(lèi));
(3)只有復數形式:trousers,glasses(眼鏡);remains(遺體/物);clothes; ashes; contents(目錄);goods; customs(海關(guān)); arms(武器);
(4)復合名詞的復數形式: shoe shops; lookers-on; grown-ups;passers-by; daughters-in-law
(5)表示某國人的復數形式:A:單復一樣:Chinese / Japanese) B:把man變成men : Englishmen; Frenchmen; C:其它加s (包括Germans)
一、不可數名詞
1.量的表示:用some / a little /much等表示數量的詞(組)及單位名詞(量詞),用得較多的有piece,article, bottle, head, loaf, bar等:a piece of advice / bread /news / information / equipment / chalk / cloth / clothing / music /work / furniture / paper / wood / baggage; a loaf of bread; a barof chocolate ; two head of cattle
2.不可數名詞具體化:These games are great successes; The partywas a great success.
二、名詞的所有格:
1.表示有生命的名詞后加’s,如一樣東西為幾人共有,則在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s: Jack and Tom’sroom(兩人共有的房間); Jack’s and Tom’srooms(兩人各自的房間);表示無(wú)生命的名詞的所有格用of表示:thewindows of the room;
(但表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市、團體、機構等無(wú)生命的名詞后也可加’s:China’s industry; today’s paper; ten minutes’ walk)
2.表示“某人家里”“某店鋪”等的名詞所有格后省略所修飾的名詞:atmy aunt’s (house); at the doctor’s (office); go to the chemist’s(shop);
3.雙重所有格:a / an / this / that / these / those / some / any/ a few / no / every / several / such / another / which 等+名詞+of+…..’s /名詞性物主代詞(表示“部分”的概念或表示某種感情色彩,如:贊賞、討厭等);
比較:
a friend of hermother’s她母親的一個(gè)朋友(強調她母親的朋友中的一位,為雙重所有格)
a friend of hermother她母親的朋友(強調兩人間的關(guān)系,為of所有格)
a picture of hisbrother’s(他弟弟的所擁有的照片中的一張,照片上不一定是他本人)
a picture of hisbrother(他弟弟本人的一張照片,照片上就是他本人)
三、名詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞:前一個(gè)名詞表示后一個(gè)名詞的特點(diǎn)、性質(zhì)及用途;
(1)一般前面的名詞用單數形式,復數加在后面主體名詞上:shoeshop(s); story book(s); coffee cup(s); physics teacher(s);個(gè)別名詞修飾另外一個(gè)名詞用復數形式:sales manager; sports meet;由man / woman與另一個(gè)名詞構成復合名詞兩者都變復數:men/ womendoctors;
(2)比較名詞作定語(yǔ)及形容詞作定語(yǔ)的不同意義:
a dust bag ( a bag for dust) 裝灰塵的袋子/ a dustybag布滿(mǎn)灰塵的袋子
a gold watch 一只金表(表材質(zhì))/ a golden watch一只金黃色的表
五.英語(yǔ)中”很多”的表達:
只修飾可數名詞:quite a few / a great many (of) / many / a (large/ small) number of
只修飾不可數名詞: a great deal of / a great amount of ( greatamounts of)
既可修飾可數也可修飾不可數名詞:plenty of / a lot of ( lots of )/ a (large) quantity of / large quantitiesof
【各個(gè)擊破】
1.No regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails tostick to the _____of his advertisement.
A. standard
2.-----What do you think of his composition?
A. space
3. Sometimes doctors make higher ______ for their work than theyshould.
A. bills
4. The ______of a big snake made her frightened, so she satthere still.
A. sight
5.No ______ she fell ill, considering that she had beenoverworking for years.
A. problem
6. -----How is it that you lost your way?
A. way
7. Little Tom asked me for small _________ for his_________piece, so I gave him ________.
A. change; ten pennies; tenpence
C. change; ten pence; tenpennies
8. Will you please tell me _______you are talking about?
A. which Zhang Yimou’sfilm
C. which film of ZhangYimou’s
9. The baby broke a _______which is made of _____just now.
A. tea cup; glass
10. Look, Mother has just bought three _______ and _______.
A. fruit; lots of vegetables
C. fruit; a great many of thevegetables
11. If you get the job you’ll have to make business ______everynow and then.
A. journeys
12. I listened to his lecture about biology , but I missed thekey ______.
A. messages
13. He is always full of ______as though he never knewtiredness.
A. strength
14.There has been a great _______ in the number of cars in ourcity in the past five years.
A. increase
15. I don’t think it’s my ______ that the TV doesn’t work. Ijust turned it off.
A. mistake
16. ---- What’s the ______ of this pair of shoes?
A. cost; value
17. How did you like the ________of the interpreter(口譯員)atthe conference on TV?
18.She is not in good _______for such heavy work.
A. state
19.It’s bad _______ for a man to smoke in public places wheresmoking is not allowed.
A. manners
20. Johnson is an honest businessman. Our company and his hashad a lot of _______ in the past few years.
A. agreements
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