5． 動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式
如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者，這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞就要用被動(dòng)式。
例如：The problem is far from being settled.
動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)式往往用一般被動(dòng)式來(lái)代替，以免句子顯得累贅。例如：
I still remember being invited（代替having been invited）by afamous artist when I was in Shanghai.
6． 動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的用法比較
<1> 作主語(yǔ)：
(1)多數情況兩者可以互換。例如：Seeing is believing.＝To see is tobelieve.
Talking is easy and doing is difficult.＝To talk is easy and to dois
difficult.
(2)如果表示一種具體、短期的行為，或表示將來(lái)的行為，宜用不定式。例如：
It took him two hours tofinish the work.
To be a scientist is hisdesire（愿望）.
(3)如果表示一種經(jīng)常性、習慣性的行為，一般用動(dòng)名詞。例如：
Getting up early is a goodhabit.
<2>作賓語(yǔ)：
(1) 有些動(dòng)詞跟不定式、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)皆可，意義也差不多，主要有：begin,start,
continue, love, prefer等。
(2) 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，主要有：wish,hope, expect, demand, refuse,
decide.
(3) 有些動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，已學(xué)過(guò)的這類(lèi)詞有：finish,imagine, insist on,enjoy, escape, consider,can?t help, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise,put off（延遲）＝delay, suggest.feel like, look forwardto,devote…to(doing),be worth.
(4)有些動(dòng)詞后跟不定式、動(dòng)名詞意義有明顯差別，主要有：forget,remember, regret, stop, mean, try, want, need, require, go on
A.forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事＝forget having done sth.＝forget tohave
done sth.
B.remember to do sth.記住要做某事 remember doingsth.記住做過(guò)某事
C.regret to do sth.遺憾（要）做某事 regret doing sth.懊悔做了某事
D.stop to do sth. 停下（原事）去做某事（不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)）
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
E.mean to do sth. 決意／打算做某事 mean doingsth. 意味／表明做某事
F.try to do sth. 努力／設法去做某事
try doing sth. 試圖／嘗試用某一方法做某事
G.want/need/require to do sth. 要／想做某事
want/need/requiredong. 需要／想要被…
H.go on to do sth. 繼續做不同的事 go on doing sth.繼續做相同的事
7．使用現在分詞的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn)：
(1)作狀語(yǔ)用的現在分詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須同句中主語(yǔ)為同一人或同一事，例如：
Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the wholecity.（正）
(Standing＝When we stood)
Standing on top of the tall building,the whole city could beseen.（誤）
Having foundthe cause, they continued the experiment.（正）（Having found
＝After/When they had found）
Having found the cause, theexperiment continued.（誤）
(2)短暫動(dòng)詞（即瞬間動(dòng)詞）的現在分詞被動(dòng)式不可作賓補或定語(yǔ)。例如：
He saw the old man knockeddown by the car.(knicked down不可改為being knocked down或havingbeing knicked down)
Do you like the dictionarybought by Zhang Ming?(bought不可改為being bought或having beenbought)
<2>現在分詞被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞用法的區別：
現在分詞被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞都有被動(dòng)意，但其用法是有區別的：
(5) 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，現在分詞的一般被動(dòng)式表示一個(gè)正在發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞則表示一個(gè)已發(fā)生過(guò)的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或沒(méi)有時(shí)間性的狀態(tài)。例如：
Do you see thehospital there?
你看見(jiàn)了那邊那個(gè) 醫院?jiǎn)幔?/p>The continent connected with Asia at the Suez Canal isAfrica.在蘇伊士運河處與亞洲相連的洲是非洲。（句中connected無(wú)時(shí)間性）
(6) 作原因狀語(yǔ)，現在分詞被動(dòng)式與過(guò)去分詞可以互換。例如：
Being led(＝Led )by the Party,the Chinese people have won greatvictories.
(7) 作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)，不用現在分詞被動(dòng)式，而用過(guò)去動(dòng)詞。例如：
The soldiers lay on the ground,covered with nothing.
(8) 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，若動(dòng)作先于句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作，且有具體過(guò)去時(shí)間，不可用現在分詞一般被動(dòng)式或完成被動(dòng)式。例如：Builtin 1192 ,the bridge was very useful.
如果沒(méi)有具體過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可用過(guò)去分詞或現在分詞完成被動(dòng)式。例如：
Discussed(＝Having been discussed)many times, the problem wassettled at
last.
如果要強調分詞狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，則宜用現在分詞完成被動(dòng)式，而不用過(guò)去分詞。例如：
Not having been invited,she had to stay at home.
(5)在have,get之后宜用過(guò)去分詞作賓補，不用現在分詞被動(dòng)式或不定式被動(dòng)式作賓補。例如：I?llhave my hair cut.(cut不能改為being cut或be cut)He got his watchrepaired.(repaired不能改為being repaired或to be repaired)
(6)在make, order, want, like,wish等動(dòng)詞后，多用過(guò)去分詞作賓補，少用現在分詞被動(dòng)式作賓補。例如
The speaker couldn?t make himselfheard.(一般不說(shuō)being heard)
He wanted his house painted.(一般不說(shuō)being painted)
8.心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式與-ed形式
所謂心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞是指含有使動(dòng)意，使人產(chǎn)生某種情感、心理變化的動(dòng)詞。如：surprise使驚訝；interest使感興趣。它們的-ing形式含主動(dòng)意義，-ed形式含被動(dòng)意義。皆可視為形容詞。例如：surprising令人驚訝的，interesting令人感興趣的；surprised（因…）感到驚訝的，interested（因…）感到興趣的。下面的句子可顯示兩者的區別：
The film is so interesting that they are allinterested in it.
She was much surprised at the surprisingnews.
已學(xué)的心理狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：astonish,bore(使厭煩),delight,disappoint,
discourage,encourage,excite,frighten,interest,move(使感動(dòng))，please（使高興）,puzzle（使迷惑）,satisfy（使滿(mǎn)意）,surprise,shock,tire（使疲勞）,trouble,upset（使不安）,worry
它們的-ing形式多和物連用，如：The news is pleasing/exciting.a boring report(一個(gè)令人厭煩的報告),a tiringwalk（累人的步行）。
它們的-ed形式多和人連用，如：an excited girl,I?mtired.
但是也有-ing形式和人連用，-ed形式和物連用的現象。如：an inspiringleader一位有感召力的領(lǐng)袖，an amusing girl一個(gè)討人喜歡的女孩，apuzzled expression一種迷惑不解的表情，She said in a frightenedvoice.她用受了驚嚇的聲音說(shuō)著(zhù)話(huà)。
