實(shí)用高中英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)與句型詞典
3. beangry for sth 因為某事而生氣。如：
I was angry with myself for makingsuch a stupid mistake.
我因為犯了這么愚蠢的錯誤而在生自己的氣。
He was angry with me for not havingdone anything. 因為我什么也沒(méi)做，他對我很生氣。
another
1. oneafter another 一個(gè)接一個(gè)地，一個(gè)又一個(gè)地。如：
They left the room one afteranother. 他們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離開(kāi)了房間。
We achieved victories one afteranother. 我們取得了一個(gè)又一個(gè)的勝利。
注：按傳統語(yǔ)法，one after another 指三者或三者以上，若指兩者則用one after the other,但在現代英語(yǔ)中，兩者?？蓳Q用。如：
Difficulties arose one after another[the other]. 問(wèn)題一個(gè)一個(gè)地冒了出來(lái)。
另外，One after another 通常用作狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)用作主語(yǔ)。如：
One after another stood up and wentout. 人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地站起來(lái)，走了出去。
2. oneanother相互，彼此。如：
We should help one another.我們應該互相幫助。
The members of the team support oneanother. 隊員們相互支持。
注：有人認為one another 一定用于三者或三者以上，而用于兩者須用each other。但在現代英語(yǔ)中，兩者?？蓳Q用。
The boy and girl are deeply in lovewith one another [each other]. 這男孩和女孩深深地相愛(ài)著(zhù)。
The sea and the sky seem to melt intoone another [each other]. 大海與藍天似乎融為一體。
另外，one another 可以有所有格形式。如：
Those two are always copying oneanother’s [each other’s] homework. 那兩個(gè)人總是相互抄襲作業(yè)。
answer
1. answer for 對……負責，對……承擔責任，保證，代表。如：
I will answer for it (him).我愿對它(他)負責。
One day you’ll have to answer forwhat you’ve done. 有一天你會(huì )對你今天的所作所為承擔責任的。
I agree but I can’t answer for myfriends. 我同意，但我不能代表我的朋友也同意。
注：該短語(yǔ)通常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子，其后可接名詞或代詞，一般不接 that 從句，若要接這類(lèi)從句，則應先接形式賓語(yǔ) it。如：
I can’t answer for hishonesty. ＝ I can’t answer for it that he is honest.我不能保證他是誠實(shí)的。
2. inanswer to 作為對……的回答，響應……的請求。如：
In answer to his question, she shookher head. 對于他的問(wèn)題，她以搖頭作答。
The doctor came at once in answer tomy phone call. 醫生一接到我的電話(huà)就來(lái)了。
anxious
1. beanxious about sth (sb) 為某事或某人擔心或擔憂(yōu)。如：
I’m very anxious about him.我很為他擔心。
He was anxious about herabsence. 他擔心她不來(lái)。
2. beanxious for sth (sb)
(1) 為某事或某人擔心或擔擾。如：
He was anxious for family.他為他的家人擔心。
We are anxious about hishealth. 我們都為他的身體擔心。
注：此用法有時(shí)可將介詞 for 換成 about。如：
We’re anxious for [about] hissafety. 我們擔心他的安全。
(2) 渴望某事物。如：
We are anxious for a change.我們渴望換個(gè)環(huán)境。
We are really anxious forpeace. 我們確實(shí)渴望和平。
3. beanxious to do sth 渴望(希望，想要)要做某事。如：
He is anxious to see her.他渴望見(jiàn)到她。
We are anxious to leave here.我們急于要離開(kāi)這兒。
注：此用法有時(shí)可與 be anxious for sth 互換。如：
He’s anxious to know [for] theresult. 他渴望知道結果。
4. beanxious for sb to do sth 渴望(希望，想要)要某人做某事。如：
We are anxious for him tocome. 我們希望他來(lái)。
I was anxious for everything to besettled. 我希望把一切都解決。
注：該句型有時(shí)可與帶從句的結構互換。如上面兩句也可說(shuō)成：
We are anxious that he should come.
I was anxious that everything shouldbe settled.
anything
1. (be)anything but 絕不是，根本不是。如：
I’ll do anything but that.我絕不會(huì )干那種事。
The party was anything but asuccess. 晚會(huì )根本不成功。
The fight is anything butfinished. 斗爭絕沒(méi)有結束。
The hotel was anything butsatisfactory. 這家旅館一點(diǎn)不讓人滿(mǎn)意。
注1. anything but 有時(shí)可單獨使用。如：
I don’t mean he’s lazy ---- anythingbut! 我不是說(shuō)他懶，他根本不懶。
注2. 不僅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：
He is anything but a poet.他絕不是詩(shī)人。
He was anything but polite.他根本沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)禮貌。
2. likeanything使勁地，拼命地。如：
He praised her like anything.他使勁地夸她。
The thief ran like anything when hesaw the policeman. 小偷見(jiàn)到警察就拼命地跑走了。
apologize
1. apologize to sb 向某人道歉。如：
Apologize to your sister.去給你姐姐賠個(gè)不是。
I’ve come to apologize to you.我來(lái)向你道歉。
2. apologize for (doing) sth 因某事而道歉。如：
I must apologize for the delay inreplying to your letter. 未能及時(shí)給你回信，我得向你道歉。
He apologized for not being able tomeet her. 他因為未能去接她而向她道歉。
注：以下兩個(gè)句型有時(shí)可以配合使用。如：
He apologized to the teaching forcoming late. 他因遲到而向老師道歉。
apology
1. makean apology to sb 向某人道歉。如：
He made an apology to her.我向他道歉了。
2. makean apology for sth 因某事而道歉。如：
He made an apology for what hesaid. 他為他所說(shuō)的話(huà)道了歉。
注：以下兩個(gè)句型有時(shí)可配合使用。如：
He made an apology to her for hurtingher feelings. 他因為傷害她的感情而向她道歉。
appear
1. appear to do sth 似乎要……。如：
He appears to have a lot ofmoney. 他似乎很有錢(qián)。
He appeared not to noticeanything. 他似乎沒(méi)看見(jiàn)什么。
注：有時(shí)不定式用進(jìn)行式或完成式等。如：
It appears to be raining.似乎在下雨。
You appear to have traveled alot. 看來(lái)你去過(guò)不少地方。
2. itappears that [as if]… 似乎……。如：
It appears that [as if] he willwin. 看來(lái)他會(huì )贏(yíng)。
It appeared that he didn’t likeher. 似乎他并不喜歡她。
注：以上句型有時(shí)可與后接不定式的結構轉換。如：
It appears that you have made amistake. / You appear to have made a mistake. 似乎你弄錯了。
3. There appears to be… 似乎……。如：
There appears to be no dangernow. 現在似乎沒(méi)有危險了。
注：該句型有時(shí)可與后接 that 從句的句型轉換。如：
There seems to have been a mistake. /It appears that there has been a mistake. 看來(lái)一直就有錯。
apply
1. apply for sth 申請或請求得到某物。如：
He applied for a scholarship.他申請了獎學(xué)金。
I’ll apply for the jobtomorrow. 我明天去申請這份工作。
注：有時(shí)可在 apply 后加上 to sb, 表示向某人申請。如：
He applied to us for help.他向我們求援。
You must apply to the teacher forpermission. 你必須請求老師批準。
2. apply to do sth 申請做某事。如：
He applied to stay there.他申請留在那兒。
In 1980 he applied to join the Party. 1980年他申請入黨。
3. apply to sth (sb) 適用(運用)于某人或某物。如：
What you said doesn’t apply tome. 你所說(shuō)的不適合于我。
The rule doesn’t apply to thiscase. 這條規則不適用于這種場(chǎng)合。
注：該結構中的 to 為介詞，若后接動(dòng)詞，要用動(dòng)名詞。如：
These methods apply to learningEnglish. 這些方法適用于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習。
4. apply sth to sth 把某物運用到另一物上。如：
You can’t apply this rule to everycase. 你不能將這條規則運用到所有的情況。
In this way we can better applytheory to practice. 這樣我們就能更好地把理論運用到實(shí)踐中去。
5. apply oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事。如：
He applied himself to learningFrench. 他致力于學(xué)法語(yǔ)。
If you apply yourself to the job,you’ll soon finish it. 如果你努力干，這工作不要多久就可以完成。
注：該結構中的 oneself有時(shí)可用one’s mind, one’senergies等代之。如：
We must apply our minds to finding asolution. 我們動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋找出解決的辦法來(lái)。
argue
1. argue about (over) sth 為某事而爭論。如：
They always argue about [over]money. 他們總是為錢(qián)爭吵。
They are arguing about [over] wholost the ball. 他們在爭論是誰(shuí)丟了球。
注：有時(shí) argue 后可接 with sb, 表示與某人爭吵。如：
He argued with the driver about thefare. 他就車(chē)費與司機論理。
2. argue sb into (out of) (doing) sth說(shuō)服某人做(不做)某事。如：
They tried to argue me into joiningthem. 他們設法要說(shuō)服我加入他們一起干。
We argued him out of going on such adangerous journey. 我們說(shuō)服他不去作那樣危險的旅行。
I argued him out of hisopposition. 我說(shuō)服他不再反對。
arrange
1. arrange to do sth 安排或準備做某事。如：
They arranged to start early.他們準備一早出發(fā)。
I’ve arranged to see hertonight. 我已安排今晚同他見(jiàn)面。
We still have to arrange how (when)to go there. 我們還得安排如何(何時(shí))去那兒。
2. arrange for sb (sth) to do sth 安排某人(某物)做某事。如：
He’s arranged for me to attend themeeting. 他已安排我去參加會(huì )議。
We have arranged for the car to comeat nine. 我們已安排好讓汽車(chē)9點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)。
注：該結構有時(shí)可與后接從句的句型轉換。如：
We arranged for the meeting to be putoff for a week. / We
arranged that the meeting (should) beput off for a week. 我們安排把會(huì )議推遲一周后召開(kāi)。
arrive
1. arrive at 到達(較小地方)；達成(協(xié)議，結論等)。如：
Soon we arrived at thestation. 我們很快就到了車(chē)站。
It took a long time to arrived at aconclusion. 花了很長(cháng)時(shí)間才達成一個(gè)結論。
2. arrive in 到達(較大地方)。如：
Two weeks later we arrived inParis. 兩個(gè)星期后我們到了巴黎。
as
1. as……as
(1) 與……一樣。如：
He gets up as early as I [me].他起床與我一樣早。
This dress is twice as expensive asthat. 這件連衣裙比那件貴一倍。
He looks as ill as he sounded on thephone. 他的樣子與他在電話(huà)中說(shuō)話(huà)的聲音所反應的病情是一樣的。
注：第二個(gè) as 后接人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，一般說(shuō)來(lái)可用主格或賓格，且大致同義，但有時(shí)有差別。如：
You love him as much as I (=as I lovehim). 你愛(ài)他像我愛(ài)他一樣。
You love him as much as me (=as youlove me). 你愛(ài)他像愛(ài)我一樣。
另外，在否定句中，第一個(gè) as 也可換成 so。如：
He doesn’t study as [so] hard as hisbrother. 他學(xué)習不如他弟弟努力。
(2) 與……一樣，不但……而且，雖然……但是。如：
The room is as long as (it is)wide. 這房間的長(cháng)寬一樣。
The news was as unexpected as (itwas) welcome. 這消息來(lái)得突然，但受人歡迎。
She is as clever as (she is)beautiful. 她既聰明又漂亮。
One is as light as the other isheavy. 一個(gè)輕，另一個(gè)重。
注：以上比較句型屬于“異質(zhì)比較”，即為同一個(gè)人或同一個(gè)事物在兩個(gè)不同的方面進(jìn)行比較。
2. asfor 至于，就……來(lái)說(shuō)。如：
As for me, I have nothing to sayagainst it. 至于我，我沒(méi)什么反對的意見(jiàn)的提。
As for being shy, you’ll get overthat. 至于害羞，你會(huì )克服的。
I enjoy going to the movies. But asfor the theatre, I prefer staying at home. 我喜歡看電影，但至于看戲，我寧愿呆在家里。
注：as for 通常位于句首。
3. asif [as though] 仿佛，似乎。如：
We’ve missed the bus. It looks as ifwe’ll have to walk. 我們錯過(guò)了公共汽車(chē)，看來(lái)我們得走路了。
They treat me as though I were astranger. 他們待我如陌生人。
I couldn’t move my legs. It was as ifthey were stuck to
the floor. 我的腿動(dòng)不了，就好像給固定在地板上似的。
注：as if [as though] 所引導的從句謂語(yǔ)根據語(yǔ)義的要求， 可用陳述語(yǔ)氣(若可能為事實(shí))或虛擬語(yǔ)氣( 若為假設或不太可能是事實(shí))。如：
It looks as if we’ll be late.我們似乎要遲到了。
When a pencil is partly in a glass ofwater, it looks as if it were broken. 當把一支鉛筆的一部分放在一杯水里時(shí)，它看起來(lái)好像折斷了似的。
另外，as if [as though] 之后有時(shí)可以不接句子，而接不定式或分詞等。如：
He opened his mouth as if tospeak. 他張開(kāi)口， 好像要說(shuō)話(huà)似的。
She stared at the girl as if seeingher for the first time. 她目不轉睛地看著(zhù)這姑娘，像是第一次見(jiàn)到她。
4. asmuch (many)……as 與……一樣(多)。如：
You must speak English as much aspossible. 你必須盡可能地多說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
You’ve made as many mistakes as Ihave. 你犯的錯誤和我犯的一樣多。
She is a cook as good as her mother./ She is as good a cook as her mother. 她和她媽媽一樣是位好廚師。
5. asto
(1) 至于，說(shuō)到。如：
As to (doing) that, I haven’t decidedyet. 至于(做)那件事，我還沒(méi)有決定。
注：這樣用的 as to ?？膳c as for 換用。
As to [As for] his father, I don’tknow him at all. 至于他父親，我根本不認識。
(2) 關(guān)于。如：
Nothing as to his past isknown. 關(guān)于他的過(guò)去，一無(wú)所知。
I have no doubts as to yourability. 關(guān)于你的能力，我毫不懷疑。
(3) 按照。如：
He arranged them as to size andcolour. 他按照它們的大小和顏色進(jìn)行安排。
ashamed
1. beashamed of (doing) sth 對(做)某事感到羞愧或慚愧。如：
You really ought to be ashamed ofthat. 你實(shí)在應該對此感到慚愧。
He was ashamed of asking [havingasked]such a simple question. 他由于問(wèn)了這樣簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題而感到難為情。
He is ashamed of his failure [havingfailed]. 他對自己的失敗感到羞慚。
比較以下同義句型：
I am ashamed of that. / I am ashamedof myself for that. 我對此感到羞愧。
He is ashamed of being poor. / He isashamed of himself for being poor. 他因為窮而感到羞慚。
2. beashamed to do sth
(1) 因感到難為情或感到差?lèi)u而不愿某事。如：
I am ashamed to say so.這樣說(shuō)我不好意思。
He was too ashamed to ask forhelp. 他不好意思請求幫助。
(2) 對做某事而感到羞愧或慚愧。如：
You should be ashamed to tell suchlies. 撒這樣的謊你應該感到羞愧。
He was ashamed to have made somecareless mistakes. 他因出了些很粗心的差錯而感到慚愧。
注：該用法有時(shí)可換成 that 從句。如上面最后一句也可說(shuō)成：
He was ashamed that he had made somecareless mistakes.
再比較：
他因說(shuō)謊而感到羞慚。
正：He was ashamed of having lied.
正：He was ashamed to have lied.
正：He was ashamed that he had lied.
ask
1. askabout sth (sb) 詢(xún)問(wèn)有關(guān)某人或某事的情況。如：
She asked about his health.她詢(xún)問(wèn)他的健康狀況。
Can I ask about the examresults? 我可以問(wèn)問(wèn)考試結果嗎?
2. askafter sb 問(wèn)候某人(的健康)。如：
They all ask after you.他們都問(wèn)候你(的健康)。
3. askfor sth 要求得到某物或要求與某人見(jiàn)面。如：
He asked for some water.他要些水。
A Mr Smith is asking for themanager. 一位名叫史密斯先生的人要找經(jīng)理。
4. asksb for sth向某人要某物或請某人給某物。如：
They asked me for help.他們向我求助。
He asked her for her address.他向她要她的地址。
5. askto do sth要求或請求做某事。如：
He asked to see the manager.他求見(jiàn)經(jīng)理。
He asked to see whoever was incharge. 他要求見(jiàn)負責人。
He asked to go alone.他要求一個(gè)人去。
6. asksb to do sth 請或叫某人做某事。如：
Ask John to mail these letterstomorrow. 叫約翰明天把這幾封們寄了。
He asked us to wait for him at thegate. 他叫我們在門(mén)口等他。
asleep
1. befast [sound] asleep 熟睡。如：
Now the baby is fast [sound]asleep. 這嬰兒睡得正香。
You’ll be fast asleep by the time weget home. 等我們到家時(shí)你會(huì )熟睡了。
注：英語(yǔ)不說(shuō) very asleep。
2. fallasleep入睡。如：
The boy fell asleep in hisseat. 這男孩在座位上睡著(zhù)了。
I fell asleep (while) watchingTV. 我在看電視時(shí)睡著(zhù)了。
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