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英語(yǔ)八類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)從句的用法歸納

英語(yǔ)八類(lèi)狀語(yǔ)從句的用法歸納 

 

一、概說(shuō)

狀語(yǔ)從句即指在主從復合句用作狀語(yǔ)的從句。按照其意義,狀語(yǔ)從句可分為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、結果狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句等。狀語(yǔ)從句是高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習中的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn),也是歷年高考重點(diǎn)考查的內容之一。學(xué)習狀語(yǔ)從句主要應注意引導狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞的用法與區別,以及從屬連詞在一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中的意義與用法。

二、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

1. 引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞很多,常見(jiàn)的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。

2. 表示時(shí)候 while, when, as 的用法區別是:while從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續性動(dòng)詞;表示帶有規律性的每當或當主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后時(shí),只能用 when;當表示一邊一邊…”隨著(zhù)時(shí),只能用 as。另外,用于此義的 as 所引導的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)只能是動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞,不能是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如下面一道高考題的答案是 B 而不能是A

“I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”

A. As            B. While        C. Because            D. If

3. until 肯定句中通常只連用延續性動(dòng)詞,表示相應動(dòng)作結束的時(shí)間;在否定句中通常連用非延續性動(dòng)詞,表示相應動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的時(shí)間,意為直到。如:

He waited until she was about to leave. 他等著(zhù)一直到她準備離開(kāi)。

I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才開(kāi)始工作。

4. 表示“一…就”除用 as soon as 外,還可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如:

I came immediately you called. 你一來(lái)電話(huà)我就來(lái)了。

Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她剛到就下起雪來(lái)了。

The moment I have finished I'll give you a call. 我一干完就給你打電話(huà)。

5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 結尾的詞語(yǔ)也可用作連詞,引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如

Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你進(jìn)來(lái),請關(guān)門(mén)。

He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我見(jiàn)到他時(shí)他什么也沒(méi)告訴我。

By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家時(shí)她已睡覺(jué)了。

三、條件狀語(yǔ)從句

1. 引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等。如:

Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打電話(huà),否則你別來(lái)。

If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔細瞧你會(huì )看出該怎樣做。

As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你盡力,我們就滿(mǎn)意了。

2. in case 也可引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句,其意為如果、萬(wàn)一。如:

In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,請提醒我。

四、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

1. 引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether…or(不論還是)等連詞。如

The speech is good, though it could be better. 這次演講不錯,雖然還可以再好一點(diǎn)。

He went out even though it was raining. 盡管下雨,他還是出去了。

2. as 也可引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,但要將名詞、形容詞或副詞等提到 as ,若提前的是單數可數名詞,要省略 a / an。如:

Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything. 雖然是老師,他也不可能什么都懂。

3. 連詞 while 有時(shí)也可表示盡管、雖然,引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如:

While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 盡管我們意見(jiàn)不同,我們還是朋友。

4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如:

Don’t lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么,都不要灰心。

Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是誰(shuí),你都不能從這里通過(guò)。

表示雖然 though, although 不可與 but 連用,但可與 yet, still 連用。

五、原因狀語(yǔ)從句

1. 引導原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)

They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他們不可能出去了,因為燈還亮著(zhù)。

Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去,我也去。

Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 現在我們單獨在一起,可以隨便談了。

2. 除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞外,when有時(shí)也可引導原因狀語(yǔ)從句,其意既然。如:

I can’t tell you when you won't listen. 既然你不想聽(tīng),我就不告訴你了。

3. 有關(guān)原因狀語(yǔ)從句還應注意以下幾點(diǎn)

(1) as since, now that 一樣表示雙方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于強調結構被強調。

(2) 當表示直接的因果關(guān)系,回答 why 時(shí),或有 only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副詞修飾時(shí),或用在強調結構中都只能用 because。

(3) for 有時(shí)也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,對前一分句加以解釋或推斷。

(4) 不要受漢語(yǔ)意思影響將表示“因為”的連詞與表示“所以”的 so 連用。

六、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

引導地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有where (的地方), wherever(無(wú)論什么地方), everywhere(每個(gè)地方), anywhere(任何地方)。如:

I’m not living where I was. 我不在原處住了。

You can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能隨便在哪兒宿營(yíng)。

Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里,我都發(fā)現同樣情況。

2. 有的同學(xué)認為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句在平時(shí)見(jiàn)得不多,誤認為考試不會(huì )涉及,但恰恰相反,地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句卻是英語(yǔ)考試經(jīng)??疾榈囊粋€(gè)知識點(diǎn)。請看以下考題:

(1) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.

A. at which     B. at where    C. the place where   D. where

(2) After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.

A. that         B. where      C. which        D. when

(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _____ you can find them again.

A. when       B. where       C. then          D. there

(4) She found her calculator ______ she lost it.

A. where        B. when       C. in which        D. that 

以上四題均選where,其意為的地方,用以引導地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。

七、目的狀語(yǔ)從句

1. 引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如:

I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一條船去釣魚(yú)。

Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 帶著(zhù)雨衣以防下雨。

He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力學(xué)習,是為了能通過(guò)考試。

2. 引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句 so that 有時(shí)可省so that,即單獨用 so that 來(lái)引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句。如:

Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔細檢查,以便任何錯誤都可檢查出。

Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。

八、結果狀語(yǔ)從句

引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。如

He was so angry that he couldn't speak. 他氣得話(huà)都說(shuō)不出來(lái)。

He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗子用力很大,結果玻璃震破了。

注:so…thatsuch…that中的that有時(shí)(尤其在口語(yǔ)中)可省略。

 

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解:讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(三大方面)

一、引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞

主要的有although, though, even though, even if等:

Although he is poor, he’s still happy. 雖然他很窮,他仍然很快樂(lè )。

I will try it, though I may fail. 即使我可能失敗, 我也要試一下。

We’ll go even if it rains. 即使下雨我們也要去。

【注】除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句外,還應注意以下情況:

(1) when while引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。不要認為whenwhile只引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,其實(shí)它們也可引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意思是盡管雖然

She stopped when she ought to have continued. 盡管她應該繼續下去,她卻停住了。

While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 雖然我理解你的意思,但我還是不同意。

(2) whether…or…引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:

I’ll do it whether you like it or not. 不管你是否喜歡,我都要做。

Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不論我們幫助他與否, 他都將失敗。

(3) whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:

He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么,他就做什么。

Come whenever you like. 你愛(ài)什么時(shí)候來(lái)就什么時(shí)候來(lái)。

二、whatever, however -ever詞用法說(shuō)明

這些詞的用法應注意以下幾點(diǎn):

(1) 它們均可引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為無(wú)論…”

Whatever you say, I believe you. 無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么,我都相信你。

Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是誰(shuí)打電話(huà),都說(shuō)我出去了。

Whichever day you come, I’ll be pleased to see you. 無(wú)論你哪天來(lái),我都歡迎。

Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么時(shí)候來(lái),我們都歡迎。

Wherever he goes, I’ll go. 不管他去哪里,我也去。

(2) 它們引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),通??蓳Q成no matter…,如說(shuō):

No matter what you say, I believe you. 無(wú)論你說(shuō)什么,我都相信你。

No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么時(shí)候來(lái),我們都歡迎。

No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 無(wú)論他吃多少, 他都不發(fā)胖。

(3) 注意however以下兩類(lèi)句型結構:

however+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ):

However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days. 不管你怎么走,至少要三天。

However you come, be sure to come early. 不管你怎么來(lái),一定要早來(lái)。

however+形容詞或副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ):

However much he eats, he never gets fat. 無(wú)論他吃多少, 他都不發(fā)胖。

However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷,她都會(huì )去游泳。

有時(shí)該結構中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)可以有所省略:

He was of some help, however small. 他總能幫些忙,不管多小的忙。

I refuse, however favorable the condition. 不管條件多好,我都不接受。

(4) 有時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

I’ll find him, wherever he is [may be]. 無(wú)論他在哪里,我都要找到他。

Keep calm, whatever happens [may happen]. 無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事都要保持冷靜。

(5) whenever有時(shí)可引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,wherever 有時(shí)可引導地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句:

Whenever we see him we speak to him. 每次見(jiàn)到他,我們都和他說(shuō)話(huà)。

They teach wherever their pupils are working. 學(xué)生在哪里工作,教師們就在哪里上課。

三、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句與倒裝

引導倒裝的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常用asthough,但不是能用although

Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我雖窮,但這東西還是買(mǎi)得起的。

Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 盡管我喜歡巴黎,但我不能住在那里。

【注】as 可以在以上這樣的倒裝結構中引出讓步狀語(yǔ),但若不倒裝,則不能用as,而與之相反,although在不倒裝的結構中可引導讓步狀語(yǔ),但在倒裝的結構中卻不可以用。

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解:原因狀語(yǔ)從句(四大點(diǎn)) 

一、引導原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞

主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that)等:

The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗得不得法而縮水。

I can’t get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面聲音嘈雜我睡不著(zhù)。

Since [As] we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 由于我們沒(méi)錢(qián),我們無(wú)法購買(mǎi)它。

Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors. 既然外邊在下雨,我們最好待在室內。

Now that you are here, you’d better stay. 你既然來(lái)了,最好還是留下吧(既來(lái)之,則安之)。

【注】除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞外,when有時(shí)也可引導原因狀語(yǔ)從句(when表示既然”)

I can’t tell you when you won’t listen. 既然你不想聽(tīng),我就不告訴你了。

二、關(guān)于 not…because 結構

該結構中的否定詞有時(shí)否定主句,有時(shí)否定從句,一般要根據句子的意思作出正確或合乎邏輯的理解。若not否定主句,最好在because之前用逗號,否則會(huì )引起歧義,如下句在沒(méi)有特定上下文時(shí)就有兩種解釋?zhuān)?/span>

I didn’t go because I was afraid. 我沒(méi)有去是因為怕。/ 我不是因為怕才去。

不過(guò)若because之前有just修飾,一般認為not 是否定從句的:

You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因為有人說(shuō)你壞話(huà)而生氣。

三、because 習慣上不與 so 連用

漢語(yǔ)習慣上說(shuō)因為所以…”,但英語(yǔ)習慣上卻不能將 so because 連用:

因為下雨,所以我們呆在家里。

正:Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.

誤:Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.

四、because 從句與 because of 短語(yǔ)的轉換

Because引導的原因狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可與because of 短語(yǔ)轉換:

He can’t come because he is ill. / He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能來(lái)。

I said nothing about it because his wife was there. / I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 因為他妻子在那兒,我對此事只字未提

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解:結果狀語(yǔ)從句(五個(gè)方面)

一、引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞

主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等:

He studied hard so that he passed the exam. 他學(xué)習用功,所以考試通過(guò)了。

He was so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他氣得話(huà)都說(shuō)不出來(lái)。

He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗子用力很大,結果玻璃震破了。

【注】so…thatsuch…that中的that有時(shí)(尤其在口語(yǔ)中)可省略:

I am so busy I have no time to write a letter. 我很忙,連寫(xiě)信的時(shí)間都沒(méi)有。

There was such a lot of rain (that) we couldn’t go out. 雨那么大,我們沒(méi)法出去。

二、so…that such…that 的用法比較

從用法上看,so后應接形容詞或副詞,而such后接名詞(參見(jiàn)以上例句)。但有時(shí)“so+形容詞后還可接一個(gè)名詞,且這個(gè)名詞總是帶不定冠詞的單數可數名詞(不能是復數名詞或不可數名詞)

正:He is so clever a child that we all like him. 這小孩很聰明,我們都喜歡他。

正:They are such clever children that we all like them. 這些孩子很聰明,我們都很喜歡。

誤:They are so clever children that we all like them.

此時(shí)的so…that結構可與such…that結構轉換:

It’s such an interesting film that we all want to see it. 這電影很有趣,我們都想看。

It’s so interesting a film that we all want to see it. 這電影很有趣,我們都想看。

【注】在much, many, little, few 這四個(gè)詞前總是用so而不用such

He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了許多跤,結果全身都是傷。

He earns so little money that he can hardly feed his family. 他賺的錢(qián)很少幾乎不能養家糊口。

三、結果狀語(yǔ)從句與不定式短語(yǔ)的轉換

so thatso…that引導的結果狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可與表結果的so as toso…as to引出的不定式短語(yǔ)轉換:

He arrived late so that he missed the train. / He arrived late so as to miss the train. 他到得很遲,結果未趕上火車(chē)。

He wrote so carefully that he made no mistakes. / He wrote so carefully as to make no mistakes.

四、so that引導目狀語(yǔ)和結果狀語(yǔ)的區別

(1)含義上的區別:引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示的是一種意欲或可能性,引導結果從句時(shí)表示的是一種事實(shí)。

(2) 形式上的區別:引導目的從句之前不用逗號(說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)也不停頓),而結果從句之前則通常有逗號(說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)常有停頓);有時(shí)引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)其前也可以沒(méi)有逗號,此時(shí)可看從句中是否有 can / could, may / might, will /would 以及should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如果沒(méi)有,則多半是結果從句。比較:

We’ve come early so that the meeting can begin promptly. 我們來(lái)得很早,以便可以馬上開(kāi)會(huì )。(so that 引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句)

We are all here now, so that the meeting can begin at last. 我們現在都到齊了,終于能開(kāi)會(huì )了。 (so that 引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句)

I am going to the lecture early so that I’ll get a good seat. 我想早點(diǎn)去聽(tīng)演講,以便找個(gè)好座位。(so that 引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句)

I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去聽(tīng)演講去得很早,所以找個(gè)好座位。(so that 引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句)

另外,so that引導目的從句時(shí)有時(shí)可放在主句之前,而引導結果從句時(shí)卻不能:

正:So that he could buy a new car, he saved a lot of money. 他節省了一大筆錢(qián),以便能買(mǎi)輛新車(chē)。(引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句)

誤:So that I could hardly stand, I was tired.(引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句不能置于句首,可改為I was tired so that I could hardly stand. 我很累,幾乎站不穩了。)

五、so…thatsuch…that有時(shí)不引導結果狀語(yǔ)句

so…thatsuch…that可以引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句,但并不是說(shuō)它們引導的從句就一定是結果狀語(yǔ)。請看以下句子:

I’m so happy that you could visit us. 我很高興你能來(lái)看望我們。(其中的so用于加強語(yǔ)氣,相當于very)

It’s such a great pleasure that you are here. 你在這里是非常令人高興的事。(其中的that引導的是主語(yǔ)從句,句首的it為形式主語(yǔ))

 

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解:目的狀語(yǔ)從句(三個(gè)方面

引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞

主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等:

Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 講清楚些,以便他們能理解你。

He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力學(xué)習以便能考試及格。

Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子關(guān)上以防下雨。

【注】so that 引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)有時(shí)可省略so而只用that,有時(shí)也可只用so

Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。

I’ll show you so you can see how it’s done. 我將做給你看,以便你知道應怎樣干。

目的狀語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)的轉換

為了簡(jiǎn)潔起見(jiàn),當目的狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),目的狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可用表目的的不定式短語(yǔ)替換:

He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. / He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他起床很早以便趕上早班車(chē)。

He came in quietly in order that he shouldn’t wake his wife. / He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他輕輕進(jìn)來(lái),以免把他妻子吵醒。

有時(shí)還可與表示目的的介詞短語(yǔ)替換(from www.yygrammar.com)

He left an hour early for fear he might miss the train. / He left an hour early for fear of missing the train. 他提前一小時(shí)離開(kāi),以免錯過(guò)火車(chē)。

一點(diǎn)注意

in case既可引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句,也可引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句,主要視句意而定:

In case he comes, let me know. 如果他來(lái),告訴我一聲。

Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困難請告訴我。

【注】in case引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句,從句有時(shí)可用“should+動(dòng)詞原形這樣的形式:

Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 帶著(zhù)雨衣以防下雨。

 

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解:條件狀語(yǔ)從句

引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞

主要的有if, unless, as [so] long as等:

You can leave now if you like. 如果你愿意現在就可以走了。

As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨,我們就可以去。

【注】除以上基本的引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞外,還有的動(dòng)詞尤其是其分詞形式(suppose, supposing, provided, providing)和介詞短語(yǔ)(in case, on condition that)也可用作連詞表示條件:

In case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬(wàn)一我忘記,請提醒我一下。

I will come on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果邀請她來(lái), 那我就來(lái)。

He may go with us provided [providing] he arrives in time. 他若及時(shí)到,就可以和我們一起走。

Suppose supposing 引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),通常用于主句為疑問(wèn)句的場(chǎng)合:

Suppose the boss saw you,what would he say? 如果老板看到你,他會(huì )怎樣說(shuō)?

Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him? 他若不來(lái),是不是不帶他去?

條件狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

當主句為將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或具有將來(lái)意時(shí),條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常要用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義,而不能直接使用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài):

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解:時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞

引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞很多,如較基本的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等:

Things were different when I was a child. 我小時(shí)候情況與現在不同。

We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵。

It’s a long time since I met you last. 從上次見(jiàn)到你,已有很長(cháng)時(shí)間了。

He waited until she was about to leave. 他等著(zhù)一直到她準備離開(kāi)。

除以上基本的引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞外,還有些本來(lái)不是從屬連詞卻可用作從屬連詞的詞:

(1) 表示的從屬連詞:the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如:

Immediately he came I told him the news. 他一來(lái)我就把消息告訴了他。

The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道沒(méi)希望了。

We had no sooner set out than it began to rain. 我們剛出發(fā)就下雨了。

Once he arrives, we can start. 他一來(lái)我們就可以開(kāi)始。

(2) 涉及time的幾個(gè)從屬連詞:every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(隨時(shí)),the last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如:

Every time I see her I’ll think of it. 每次我看到她,我就想起這事。

He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他講話(huà),他都感到緊張。

He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次見(jiàn)到他時(shí)他沒(méi)告訴我。

與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題

關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題有兩點(diǎn)值得注意:

(1) 當主句為將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或具有將來(lái)意義時(shí),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常要用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義,而不能直接使用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài):

Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關(guān)燈。

I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一來(lái)我就告訴他。

(2) since 從句搭配的主句的時(shí)態(tài)通常是現在完成時(shí)態(tài):

He has lived here since 1999. 1999年以來(lái),他就一直住在這兒。

Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次見(jiàn)到你之后你到哪里去了?

【注】在特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中有時(shí)也可能用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或一般現在時(shí):

It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見(jiàn)面了。

Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來(lái)他一直未吃任何東西。

【注】有時(shí)也可見(jiàn)到 if you will 這樣的說(shuō)法,但那不是將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),而是表示意愿或委婉的請求(此處的 will是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)

If you will wait for a moment, I’ll go and tell the manager that you are here. 請等一下,我去告訴經(jīng)理說(shuō)你來(lái)了。

 

 

 

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