第三講 5個(gè)考點(diǎn)考查對詞句意義的理解
1熟詞在語(yǔ)境中的具體意思
解體技巧：
這類(lèi)題考察教學(xué)大綱所規定的四級詞匯。題干中要求理解的單詞考生全都認識，但是詞匯放在句中以后就有了在這個(gè)語(yǔ)境下的具體含義，甚至是活用的意義。解題關(guān)鍵在于聯(lián)系上下文，不能僅從單詞的字面意思來(lái)理解。
練習:
……As diners shirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate over the profits. A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most dinner don’t notice or care……
Q: The “fancier brands” refers to____
tap water from the Thames River.
B famous wines not sold in ordinary stores.
C PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani
D expensive bottled water with impressive names
答案:
選D。
第一句提到，賣(mài)leading brands瓶裝水能賺取巨額利潤；第二句提到了飯店里面的瓶裝水價(jià)格高；第三句中又提到許多fancier bands不在商店銷(xiāo)售，消費者較少見(jiàn)到?？梢酝浦?，fancier brands的價(jià)格昂貴，fancier與impressive同義，D正確。
2 生詞的意思
解題技巧：
這類(lèi)題考查的是超出四級詞匯大綱的生詞。在生詞前后經(jīng)常會(huì )有其定義或進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，解題時(shí)需要對這些定義或解釋性的文字進(jìn)行概括。其標志有：or,that is,in other words,namely等詞組；破折號、冒號、括號等；定語(yǔ)從句。對于沒(méi)有這種定義或說(shuō)明的生詞，可以通過(guò)尋找這個(gè)生詞前后的文字中的詞匯關(guān)系和邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)確定答案，看看這些關(guān)系要求這個(gè)地方的詞具有什么樣的意思。
練習：
“Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.” said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s no question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you…
Q
The word “shun”most probably means _______.
A. cut down on
B. stay away from
C. run out
D. put up with
答案:
選B。
not..any more than…構成平衡結構。Humans should與they would對稱(chēng)，avoid stress與shun food，love or exercise對稱(chēng)，故shun應該與avoid相近。
3 代詞指代的內容
解題技巧：
這類(lèi)考題中，代詞通常都是指代前面句中已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的人或物或事。解題的關(guān)鍵在于，理解本句中對代詞的闡述，或代詞在句中所具有的各種施動(dòng)和邏輯關(guān)系，然后與前面的句子或再前面的句子對比，確定指代內容。
練習：
..The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful students is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult…
Q:The word “they” refers to _____.
A. practicality and rationality
B. engineering and the liberal arts
C. reality and noble ideals
D. flexibility and a value system
答案 選B
they指至少兩個(gè)以上的人或事物。尋找前面句中存在的某兩個(gè)或以上的人或事物。由前一句中的mix可知，句中的engineering和the liberal arts是兩個(gè)不同的科目。所以they指代的就是B。
4 詞或詞組的比喻義
解題技巧：
此類(lèi)題涉及的單詞往往是比較簡(jiǎn)單的詞，多數是構成一些慣用搭配，表示某種特殊的比喻義。這些單詞或詞組不能按其字面的意義去理解，要結合上下文確保所理解的意思可以使語(yǔ)義通順?？忌綍r(shí)要注意積累慣用搭配。
練習：
I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so…..
When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” in the writing process, he means _______
A. no one can be both creative and critical
B. they cannot be regarded as equally important
C. they are in constant conflict with each other.
D. one cannot use them at the same time
答案選D
作者說(shuō) creative thinking和critical thinking兩個(gè)階段，可以推斷they cannot work in parallel..指的是兩個(gè)階段是有先后次序的，不可能同時(shí)進(jìn)行。所以選D。
5 詞句的言外之意
解體技巧：
此類(lèi)題要求考生理解的是作者在某些詞句形式下暗含的真實(shí)意思。作題的關(guān)鍵是，記住句子的意思一定是和文章或段落主旨相關(guān)的，在把握文章主題和段落主旨的前提下，分析句子在上下文中應該起到的作用和具有的意義。
練習：
….Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,” he says……
By saying “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water”, von Wiesenberger wants to convey the message that _________.
A. plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking
B. bottled water is clearly superior to tap water
C. bottled water often appeals more to dogs’ taste
D. dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste
答案: 選B
文章提到von Wiesenberger從小就對瓶裝水很有研究，并記錄下那些他最喜歡和的瓶裝水牌子。連狗都能分得清，足見(jiàn)主人對瓶裝水的喜愛(ài)程度。不喜歡不等于說(shuō)“自來(lái)水不能喝”，故A錯。CD是單純的字面理解，脫離主題。
