一、某些有生命的集合名詞，本身無(wú)復數形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復數。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)集合名詞有：cattle，clergy，faculty（教職工）， herd，mankind，military，militia（民團、民兵）， people，police，poultry（家禽），swine（豬），vermin，womankind等。
1．There are three people waving at us．
2．The police haven't arrived yet．
3．There are verm in here．
4．Some people are never satisfied．
5．The police／military have surrounded the building．
二、某些有生命的集合名詞（表示人或者動(dòng)物），本身有單／復數之分。其為單數時(shí)，若作主語(yǔ)，則謂語(yǔ)可用單數／復數。主要依據說(shuō)話(huà)者強調的重點(diǎn)而定，若強調許多個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)用復數；若強調一個(gè)整體，則用單數。其為復數時(shí)，不言而喻，謂語(yǔ)必須用復數。注意：此類(lèi)名詞單復數的意義并不完全相同，漢譯時(shí)一定要當心。如army（一國之軍隊），armies（多國部隊）；couple（一對夫婦），couples（多對夫婦）；等。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)集合名詞有：army，association，audience，band，board，cast，clan，class，clique，club，college，committee，company，community，congregation（教民，會(huì )眾），council（市議會(huì )，理事會(huì )），couple，crew，crowd，enemy，family，firm，fleet，flock，folk，gang，government，group，jury，kingdom ，mob（暴民，暴徒），navy，opposition，orchestra，pack，pair，party，personnel，profession，population，staff，school，team，tribe（部落，部民）， union，university等。
6．The staff is／are hardworking．
7．The audience were moved to tears．
8．The lecturer draws large audiences．
9．The whole school was punished．
10．The class consists of 40 students．
11．This class are diligent．
12．The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it．
13．One tenth of the population of Egypt is／are Christian．
三、某些有生命的集合名詞，本身無(wú)復數形式，其后可跟單／復數謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)集合名詞有：aristocracy，bourgeoisie（資產(chǎn)階級），church，elite（精英），gentry，intelligentsia（知識分子），laity（外行），livestock，majority，minority，proletariat（無(wú)產(chǎn)階級），offspring，public，swarm，youth等。
14．The youth today is ／are better off than we used to be．
15．Her offspring is ／are like her in every respect．
16．The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman．
【注】youth除了作集合名詞以外，還可以作可數和不可數名詞。如：
1）Youth is the tim e for action；age is the tim e for repose．
2）Some youths don't like jazz．
四、某些表示國家、公司、機構、運動(dòng)隊等名稱(chēng)的專(zhuān)有名詞也可當作集合名詞使用，其后通常跟單／復數謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)集合名詞有：Arsenal，BBC，Congresscongress (['k??ɡres, k?n'ɡres]n. 國會(huì )；代表大會(huì )；Congress:美國國會(huì )|國會(huì )|會(huì )議)， Liverpool，Macmillan，Netherlands，Parliament( ['pɑ:l?m?nt]n. 議會(huì )，國會(huì );European Parliament:歐洲議會(huì )|歐洲議會(huì )|歐盟議會(huì );)，Pentagon ['pent?ɡ?n]n. pentagon:五邊形|五角大樓|五角形,Pentagon chief:美國國防部部長(cháng)),，Vatican（梵蒂岡），White House等。
17．Arsenal is ／are playing well in this season．
18．Macmillan have ／has made a good profit this year．
19．The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican．
20．The Netherlands has ／have a monarchymonarchy ['m?n?ki]君主政體；君主國；君主政治
21．The BBC is showing the program on Saturday．
22．Liverpool is leading 1—0．
23．Liverpool are attacking again．
五、某些無(wú)生命的集合名詞（表示物）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常被看成不可數名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)集合名詞有：aircraft，baggage， clothing，crockery陶器，pottery陶器，cutlery（刀剪，餐具），equipment，foliage（樹(shù)葉），footwear鞋類(lèi)，furniture，glassware玻璃器皿，hardware（計算機硬件，五金器具）hosiery針織品，jewellery，luggage，machinery，merchandize商品，poetry，silverware銀器，stationery文具，underclothing內衣，underwear內衣物，vegetation植被，weaponry兵器等。
24．All the furniture in my room is new．
25．The merchandize has arrived undamaged．
26．There is not much vegetation in deserts．
27．The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped．
28．Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates．
29．The machinery is driven by electrici-ty．
【過(guò)關(guān)演練】用括號內動(dòng)詞的適當形式填空。
1．The staff __________（have）gone for their lunch．
2．The crews of several ships __________（be）in port．
3．The present government，which hasn't been in power long，__________（be）trying to control inflation．It isn't having much success．
4．The government，who __________（be） looking for a quick victory，are calling for a general election soon．
5．The jury __________（be）divided in opinion．
6．The committee __________（have）held its first m eeting．
7．Almost every family in this village __________（have）a man in the army．
8．The whole family __________（be）in tears．
9．The poultry __________（be）being fed．
10．The Kremlin（克里姆林宮） __________（have）refused to accept the plan proposed by America．
答案：
1．have 2．were 3．is 4．a(chǎn)re 5．were 6．has 7．has 8．a(chǎn)re 9．a(chǎn)re ／were 10．has ／have
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