中國公歷算法
中國公歷算法不是太難，關(guān)鍵是星期值的確定。這里給出了簡(jiǎn)單算法：
public static int dayOfWeek(int y, int m, int d) {int w = 1; // 公歷一年一月一日是星期一，所以起始值為星期日y = (y-1)%400 + 1; // 公歷星期值分部 400 年循環(huán)一次int ly = (y-1)/4; // 閏年次數ly = ly - (y-1)/100;ly = ly + (y-1)/400;int ry = y - 1 - ly; // 常年次數w = w + ry; // 常年星期值增一w = w + 2*ly; // 閏年星期值增二w = w + dayOfYear(y,m,d);w = (w-1)%7 + 1;return w;}中國農歷算法
根公歷相比，中國農歷的算法相當復雜。我在網(wǎng)上找的算法之中，eleworld.com 的算法是最好的一個(gè)。這個(gè)算法使用了大量的數據來(lái)確定農歷月份和節氣的分部，它僅實(shí)用于公歷 1901 年到 2100 年之間的 200 年。
中國農歷計算程式
跟據 eleworld.com 提供的算法，我寫(xiě)了下面這個(gè)程式：
/*** ChineseCalendarGB.java* Copyright (c) 1997-2002 by Dr. Herong Yang* 中國農歷算法 - 實(shí)用于公歷 1901 年至 2100 年之間的 200 年*/import java.text.*;import java.util.*;class ChineseCalendarGB {private int gregorianYear;private int gregorianMonth;private int gregorianDate;private boolean isGregorianLeap;private int dayOfYear;private int dayOfWeek; // 周日一星期的第一天private int chineseYear;private int chineseMonth; // 負數表示閏月private int chineseDate;private int sectionalTerm;private int principleTerm;private static char[] daysInGregorianMonth ={31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};private static String[] stemNames ={"甲","乙","丙","丁","戊","己","庚","辛","壬","癸"};private static String[] branchNames ={"子","丑","寅","卯","辰","巳","午","未","申","酉","戌","亥"};private static String[] animalNames ={"鼠","牛","虎","兔","龍","蛇","馬","羊","猴","雞","狗","豬"};public static void main(String[] arg) {ChineseCalendarGB c = new ChineseCalendarGB();String cmd = "day";int y = 1901;int m = 1;int d = 1;if (arg.length>0) cmd = arg[0];if (arg.length>1) y = Integer.parseInt(arg[1]);if (arg.length>2) m = Integer.parseInt(arg[2]);if (arg.length>3) d = Integer.parseInt(arg[3]);c.setGregorian(y,m,d);c.computeChineseFields();c.computeSolarTerms();if (cmd.equalsIgnoreCase("year")) {String[] t = c.getYearTable();for (int i=0; i<t.length; i++) System.out.println(t[i]);} else if (cmd.equalsIgnoreCase("month")) {String[] t = c.getMonthTable();for (int i=0; i<t.length; i++) System.out.println(t[i]);} else {System.out.println(c.toString());}}public ChineseCalendarGB() {setGregorian(1901,1,1);}public void setGregorian(int y, int m, int d) {gregorianYear = y;gregorianMonth = m;gregorianDate = d;isGregorianLeap = isGregorianLeapYear(y);dayOfYear = dayOfYear(y,m,d);dayOfWeek = dayOfWeek(y,m,d);chineseYear = 0;chineseMonth = 0;chineseDate = 0;sectionalTerm = 0;principleTerm = 0;}public static boolean isGregorianLeapYear(int year) {boolean isLeap = false;if (year%4==0) isLeap = true;if (year%100==0) isLeap = false;if (year%400==0) isLeap = true;return isLeap;}public static int daysInGregorianMonth(int y, int m) {int d = daysInGregorianMonth[m-1];if (m==2 && isGregorianLeapYear(y)) d++; // 公歷閏年二月多一天return d;}public static int dayOfYear(int y, int m, int d) {int c = 0;for (int i=1; i<m; i++) {c = c + daysInGregorianMonth(y,i);}c = c + d;return c;}public static int dayOfWeek(int y, int m, int d) {int w = 1; // 公歷一年一月一日是星期一，所以起始值為星期日y = (y-1)%400 + 1; // 公歷星期值分部 400 年循環(huán)一次int ly = (y-1)/4; // 閏年次數ly = ly - (y-1)/100;ly = ly + (y-1)/400;int ry = y - 1 - ly; // 常年次數w = w + ry; // 常年星期值增一w = w + 2*ly; // 閏年星期值增二w = w + dayOfYear(y,m,d);w = (w-1)%7 + 1;return w;}private static char[] chineseMonths = {// 農歷月份大小壓縮表，兩個(gè)字節表示一年。兩個(gè)字節共十六個(gè)二進(jìn)制位數，// 前四個(gè)位數表示閏月月份，后十二個(gè)位數表示十二個(gè)農歷月份的大小。0x00,0x04,0xad,0x08,0x5a,0x01,0xd5,0x54,0xb4,0x09,0x64,0x05,0x59,0x45,0x95,0x0a,0xa6,0x04,0x55,0x24,0xad,0x08,0x5a,0x62,0xda,0x04,0xb4,0x05,0xb4,0x55,0x52,0x0d,0x94,0x0a,0x4a,0x2a,0x56,0x02,0x6d,0x71,0x6d,0x01,0xda,0x02,0xd2,0x52,0xa9,0x05,0x49,0x0d,0x2a,0x45,0x2b,0x09,0x56,0x01,0xb5,0x20,0x6d,0x01,0x59,0x69,0xd4,0x0a,0xa8,0x05,0xa9,0x56,0xa5,0x04,0x2b,0x09,0x9e,0x38,0xb6,0x08,0xec,0x74,0x6c,0x05,0xd4,0x0a,0xe4,0x6a,0x52,0x05,0x95,0x0a,0x5a,0x42,0x5b,0x04,0xb6,0x04,0xb4,0x22,0x6a,0x05,0x52,0x75,0xc9,0x0a,0x52,0x05,0x35,0x55,0x4d,0x0a,0x5a,0x02,0x5d,0x31,0xb5,0x02,0x6a,0x8a,0x68,0x05,0xa9,0x0a,0x8a,0x6a,0x2a,0x05,0x2d,0x09,0xaa,0x48,0x5a,0x01,0xb5,0x09,0xb0,0x39,0x64,0x05,0x25,0x75,0x95,0x0a,0x96,0x04,0x4d,0x54,0xad,0x04,0xda,0x04,0xd4,0x44,0xb4,0x05,0x54,0x85,0x52,0x0d,0x92,0x0a,0x56,0x6a,0x56,0x02,0x6d,0x02,0x6a,0x41,0xda,0x02,0xb2,0xa1,0xa9,0x05,0x49,0x0d,0x0a,0x6d,0x2a,0x09,0x56,0x01,0xad,0x50,0x6d,0x01,0xd9,0x02,0xd1,0x3a,0xa8,0x05,0x29,0x85,0xa5,0x0c,0x2a,0x09,0x96,0x54,0xb6,0x08,0x6c,0x09,0x64,0x45,0xd4,0x0a,0xa4,0x05,0x51,0x25,0x95,0x0a,0x2a,0x72,0x5b,0x04,0xb6,0x04,0xac,0x52,0x6a,0x05,0xd2,0x0a,0xa2,0x4a,0x4a,0x05,0x55,0x94,0x2d,0x0a,0x5a,0x02,0x75,0x61,0xb5,0x02,0x6a,0x03,0x61,0x45,0xa9,0x0a,0x4a,0x05,0x25,0x25,0x2d,0x09,0x9a,0x68,0xda,0x08,0xb4,0x09,0xa8,0x59,0x54,0x03,0xa5,0x0a,0x91,0x3a,0x96,0x04,0xad,0xb0,0xad,0x04,0xda,0x04,0xf4,0x62,0xb4,0x05,0x54,0x0b,0x44,0x5d,0x52,0x0a,0x95,0x04,0x55,0x22,0x6d,0x02,0x5a,0x71,0xda,0x02,0xaa,0x05,0xb2,0x55,0x49,0x0b,0x4a,0x0a,0x2d,0x39,0x36,0x01,0x6d,0x80,0x6d,0x01,0xd9,0x02,0xe9,0x6a,0xa8,0x05,0x29,0x0b,0x9a,0x4c,0xaa,0x08,0xb6,0x08,0xb4,0x38,0x6c,0x09,0x54,0x75,0xd4,0x0a,0xa4,0x05,0x45,0x55,0x95,0x0a,0x9a,0x04,0x55,0x44,0xb5,0x04,0x6a,0x82,0x6a,0x05,0xd2,0x0a,0x92,0x6a,0x4a,0x05,0x55,0x0a,0x2a,0x4a,0x5a,0x02,0xb5,0x02,0xb2,0x31,0x69,0x03,0x31,0x73,0xa9,0x0a,0x4a,0x05,0x2d,0x55,0x2d,0x09,0x5a,0x01,0xd5,0x48,0xb4,0x09,0x68,0x89,0x54,0x0b,0xa4,0x0a,0xa5,0x6a,0x95,0x04,0xad,0x08,0x6a,0x44,0xda,0x04,0x74,0x05,0xb0,0x25,0x54,0x03};// 初始日，公歷農歷對應日期：// 公歷 1901 年 1 月 1 日，對應農歷 4598 年 11 月 11 日private static int baseYear = 1901;private static int baseMonth = 1;private static int baseDate = 1;private static int baseIndex = 0;private static int baseChineseYear = 4598-1;private static int baseChineseMonth = 11;private static int baseChineseDate = 11;public int computeChineseFields() {if (gregorianYear<1901 || gregorianYear>2100) return 1;int startYear = baseYear;int startMonth = baseMonth;int startDate = baseDate;chineseYear = baseChineseYear;chineseMonth = baseChineseMonth;chineseDate = baseChineseDate;// 第二個(gè)對應日，用以提高計算效率// 公歷 2000 年 1 月 1 日，對應農歷 4697 年 11 月 25 日if (gregorianYear >= 2000) {startYear = baseYear + 99;startMonth = 1;startDate = 1;chineseYear = baseChineseYear + 99;chineseMonth = 11;chineseDate = 25;}int daysDiff = 0;for (int i=startYear; i<gregorianYear; i++) {daysDiff += 365;if (isGregorianLeapYear(i)) daysDiff += 1; // leap year}for (int i=startMonth; i<gregorianMonth; i++) {daysDiff += daysInGregorianMonth(gregorianYear,i);}daysDiff += gregorianDate - startDate;chineseDate += daysDiff;int lastDate = daysInChineseMonth(chineseYear, chineseMonth);int nextMonth = nextChineseMonth(chineseYear, chineseMonth);while (chineseDate>lastDate) {if (Math.abs(nextMonth)<Math.abs(chineseMonth)) chineseYear++;chineseMonth = nextMonth;chineseDate -= lastDate;lastDate = daysInChineseMonth(chineseYear, chineseMonth);nextMonth = nextChineseMonth(chineseYear, chineseMonth);}return 0;}private static int[] bigLeapMonthYears = {// 大閏月的閏年年份6, 14, 19, 25, 33, 36, 38, 41, 44, 52,55, 79,117,136,147,150,155,158,185,193};public static int daysInChineseMonth(int y, int m) {// 注意：閏月 m < 0int index = y - baseChineseYear + baseIndex;int v = 0;int l = 0;int d = 30;if (1<=m && m<=8) {v = chineseMonths[2*index];l = m - 1;if ( ((v>>l)&0x01)==1 ) d = 29;} else if (9<=m && m<=12) {v = chineseMonths[2*index+1];l = m - 9;if ( ((v>>l)&0x01)==1 ) d = 29;} else {v = chineseMonths[2*index+1];v = (v>>4)&0x0F;if (v!=Math.abs(m)) {d = 0;} else {d = 29;for (int i=0; i<bigLeapMonthYears.length; i++) {if (bigLeapMonthYears[i]==index) {d = 30;break;}}}}return d;}public static int nextChineseMonth(int y, int m) {int n = Math.abs(m) + 1;if (m>0) {int index = y - baseChineseYear + baseIndex;int v = chineseMonths[2*index+1];v = (v>>4)&0x0F;if (v==m) n = -m;}if (n==13) n = 1;return n;}private static char[][] sectionalTermMap = {{7,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,5,6,6,6,5,5,6,6,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,4,5,5},{5,4,5,5,5,4,4,5,5,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,3,4,4,4,3,3,4,4,3,3,3},{6,6,6,7,6,6,6,6,5,6,6,6,5,5,6,6,5,5,5,6,5,5,5,5,4,5,5,5,5},{5,5,6,6,5,5,5,6,5,5,5,5,4,5,5,5,4,4,5,5,4,4,4,5,4,4,4,4,5},{6,6,6,7,6,6,6,6,5,6,6,6,5,5,6,6,5,5,5,6,5,5,5,5,4,5,5,5,5},{6,6,7,7,6,6,6,7,6,6,6,6,5,6,6,6,5,5,6,6,5,5,5,6,5,5,5,5,4,5,5,5,5},{7,8,8,8,7,7,8,8,7,7,7,8,7,7,7,7,6,7,7,7,6,6,7,7,6,6,6,7,7},{8,8,8,9,8,8,8,8,7,8,8,8,7,7,8,8,7,7,7,8,7,7,7,7,6,7,7,7,6,6,7,7,7},{8,8,8,9,8,8,8,8,7,8,8,8,7,7,8,8,7,7,7,8,7,7,7,7,6,7,7,7,7},{9,9,9,9,8,9,9,9,8,8,9,9,8,8,8,9,8,8,8,8,7,8,8,8,7,7,8,8,8},{8,8,8,8,7,8,8,8,7,7,8,8,7,7,7,8,7,7,7,7,6,7,7,7,6,6,7,7,7},{7,8,8,8,7,7,8,8,7,7,7,8,7,7,7,7,6,7,7,7,6,6,7,7,6,6,6,7,7}};private static char[][] sectionalTermYear = {{13,49,85,117,149,185,201,250,250},{13,45,81,117,149,185,201,250,250},{13,48,84,112,148,184,200,201,250},{13,45,76,108,140,172,200,201,250},{13,44,72,104,132,168,200,201,250},{5 ,33,68,96 ,124,152,188,200,201},{29,57,85,120,148,176,200,201,250},{13,48,76,104,132,168,196,200,201},{25,60,88,120,148,184,200,201,250},{16,44,76,108,144,172,200,201,250},{28,60,92,124,160,192,200,201,250},{17,53,85,124,156,188,200,201,250}};private static char[][] principleTermMap = {{21,21,21,21,21,20,21,21,21,20,20,21,21,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,20,19,20,20,20,19,19,20},{20,19,19,20,20,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,19,18,19,19,19,18,18,19,19,18,18,18,18,18,18,18},{21,21,21,22,21,21,21,21,20,21,21,21,20,20,21,21,20,20,20,21,20,20,20,20,19,20,20,20,20},{20,21,21,21,20,20,21,21,20,20,20,21,20,20,20,20,19,20,20,20,19,19,20,20,19,19,19,20,20},{21,22,22,22,21,21,22,22,21,21,21,22,21,21,21,21,20,21,21,21,20,20,21,21,20,20,20,21,21},{22,22,22,22,21,22,22,22,21,21,22,22,21,21,21,22,21,21,21,21,20,21,21,21,20,20,21,21,21},{23,23,24,24,23,23,23,24,23,23,23,23,22,23,23,23,22,22,23,23,22,22,22,23,22,22,22,22,23},{23,24,24,24,23,23,24,24,23,23,23,24,23,23,23,23,22,23,23,23,22,22,23,23,22,22,22,23,23},{23,24,24,24,23,23,24,24,23,23,23,24,23,23,23,23,22,23,23,23,22,22,23,23,22,22,22,23,23},{24,24,24,24,23,24,24,24,23,23,24,24,23,23,23,24,23,23,23,23,22,23,23,23,22,22,23,23,23},{23,23,23,23,22,23,23,23,22,22,23,23,22,22,22,23,22,22,22,22,21,22,22,22,21,21,22,22,22},{22,22,23,23,22,22,22,23,22,22,22,22,21,22,22,22,21,21,22,22,21,21,21,22,21,21,21,21,22}};private static char[][] principleTermYear = {{13,45,81,113,149,185,201},{21,57,93,125,161,193,201},{21,56,88,120,152,188,200,201},{21,49,81,116,144,176,200,201},{17,49,77,112,140,168,200,201},{28,60,88,116,148,180,200,201},{25,53,84,112,144,172,200,201},{29,57,89,120,148,180,200,201},{17,45,73,108,140,168,200,201},{28,60,92,124,160,192,200,201},{16,44,80,112,148,180,200,201},{17,53,88,120,156,188,200,201}};public int computeSolarTerms() {if (gregorianYear<1901 || gregorianYear>2100) return 1;sectionalTerm = sectionalTerm(gregorianYear, gregorianMonth);principleTerm = principleTerm(gregorianYear, gregorianMonth);return 0;}public static int sectionalTerm(int y, int m) {if (y<1901 || y>2100) return 0;int index = 0;int ry = y-baseYear+1;while (ry>=sectionalTermYear[m-1][index]) index++;int term = sectionalTermMap[m-1][4*index+ry%4];if ((ry == 121)&&(m == 4)) term = 5;if ((ry == 132)&&(m == 4)) term = 5;if ((ry == 194)&&(m == 6)) term = 6;return term;}public static int principleTerm(int y, int m) {if (y<1901 || y>2100) return 0;int index = 0;int ry = y-baseYear+1;while (ry>=principleTermYear[m-1][index]) index++;int term = principleTermMap[m-1][4*index+ry%4];if ((ry == 171)&&(m == 3)) term = 21;if ((ry == 181)&&(m == 5)) term = 21;return term;}public String toString() {StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();buf.append("Gregorian Year: "+gregorianYear+"\n");buf.append("Gregorian Month: "+gregorianMonth+"\n");buf.append("Gregorian Date: "+gregorianDate+"\n");buf.append("Is Leap Year: "+isGregorianLeap+"\n");buf.append("Day of Year: "+dayOfYear+"\n");buf.append("Day of Week: "+dayOfWeek+"\n");buf.append("Chinese Year: "+chineseYear+"\n");buf.append("Heavenly Stem: "+((chineseYear-1)%10)+"\n");buf.append("Earthly Branch: "+((chineseYear-1)%12)+"\n");buf.append("Chinese Month: "+chineseMonth+"\n");buf.append("Chinese Date: "+chineseDate+"\n");buf.append("Sectional Term: "+sectionalTerm+"\n");buf.append("Principle Term: "+principleTerm+"\n");return buf.toString();}public String[] getYearTable() {setGregorian(gregorianYear,1,1);computeChineseFields();computeSolarTerms();String[] table = new String[58]; // 6*9 + 4table[0] = getTextLine(27, "公歷年歷："+gregorianYear);table[1] = getTextLine(27, "農歷年歷："+(chineseYear+1)+ " ("+stemNames[(chineseYear+1-1)%10]+ branchNames[(chineseYear+1-1)%12]+ " - "+animalNames[(chineseYear+1-1)%12]+"年)");int ln = 2;String blank = " "+" " + " ";String[] mLeft = null;String[] mRight = null;for (int i=1; i<=6; i++) {table[ln] = blank;ln++;mLeft = getMonthTable();mRight = getMonthTable();for (int j=0; j<mLeft.length; j++) {String line = mLeft[j] + " " + mRight[j];table[ln] = line;ln++;}}table[ln] = blank;ln++;table[ln] = getTextLine(0,"##/## - 公歷日期/農歷日期，(*)#月 - (閏)農歷月第一天");ln++;return table;}public static String getTextLine(int s, String t) {String str = " "+" " + " ";if (t!=null && s<str.length() && s+t.length()<str.length())str = str.substring(0,s) + t + str.substring(s+t.length());return str;}private static String[] monthNames ={"一","二","三","四","五","六","七","八","九","十","十一","十二"};public String[] getMonthTable() {setGregorian(gregorianYear,gregorianMonth,1);computeChineseFields();computeSolarTerms();String[] table = new String[8];String title = null;if (gregorianMonth<11) title = " ";else title = " ";title = title + monthNames[gregorianMonth-1] + "月"+ " ";String header = " 日 一 二 三 四 五 六 ";String blank = " ";table[0] = title;table[1] = header;int wk = 2;String line = "";for (int i=1; i<dayOfWeek; i++) {line += " " + ‘ ‘;}int days = daysInGregorianMonth(gregorianYear,gregorianMonth);for (int i=gregorianDate; i<=days; i++) {line += getDateString() + ‘ ‘;rollUpOneDay();if (dayOfWeek==1) {table[wk] = line;line = "";wk++;}}for (int i=dayOfWeek; i<=7; i++) {line += " " + ‘ ‘;}table[wk] = line;for (int i=wk+1; i<table.length; i++) {table[i] = blank;}for (int i=0; i<table.length; i++) {table[i] = table[i].substring(0,table[i].length()-1);}return table;}private static String[] chineseMonthNames ={"正","二","三","四","五","六","七","八","九","十","冬","臘"};private static String[] principleTermNames ={"大寒","雨水","春分","谷雨","夏滿(mǎn)","夏至","大暑","處暑","秋分","霜降","小雪","冬至"};private static String[] sectionalTermNames ={"小寒","立春","驚蟄","清明","立夏","芒種","小暑","立秋","白露","寒露","立冬","大雪"};public String getDateString() {String str = "* / ";String gm = String.valueOf(gregorianMonth);if (gm.length()==1) gm = ‘ ‘ + gm;String cm = String.valueOf(Math.abs(chineseMonth));if (cm.length()==1) cm = ‘ ‘ + cm;String gd = String.valueOf(gregorianDate);if (gd.length()==1) gd = ‘ ‘ + gd;String cd = String.valueOf(chineseDate);if (cd.length()==1) cd = ‘ ‘ + cd;if (gregorianDate==sectionalTerm) {str = " "+sectionalTermNames[gregorianMonth-1];} else if (gregorianDate==principleTerm) {str = " "+principleTermNames[gregorianMonth-1];} else if (chineseDate==1 && chineseMonth>0) {str = " "+chineseMonthNames[chineseMonth-1]+"月";} else if (chineseDate==1 && chineseMonth<0) {str = "*"+chineseMonthNames[-chineseMonth-1]+"月";} else {str = gd+‘/‘+cd;}return str;}public int rollUpOneDay() {dayOfWeek = dayOfWeek%7 + 1;dayOfYear++;gregorianDate++;int days = daysInGregorianMonth(gregorianYear,gregorianMonth);if (gregorianDate>days) {gregorianDate = 1;gregorianMonth++;if (gregorianMonth>12) {gregorianMonth = 1;gregorianYear++;dayOfYear = 1;isGregorianLeap = isGregorianLeapYear(gregorianYear);}sectionalTerm = sectionalTerm(gregorianYear,gregorianMonth);principleTerm = principleTerm(gregorianYear,gregorianMonth);}chineseDate++;days = daysInChineseMonth(chineseYear,chineseMonth);if (chineseDate>days) {chineseDate = 1;chineseMonth = nextChineseMonth(chineseYear,chineseMonth);if (chineseMonth==1) chineseYear++;}return 0;}}中國二百年年歷 1901 年至 2100 年
我用上面這個(gè)程式制作了二百年年歷，1901 年至 2100 年，全部收錄在這本書(shū)中。
年歷格式說(shuō)明：
例如，2000 年一月的表達格式如下：
一月日 一 二 三 四 五 六1/252/26 3/27 4/28 5/29 小寒 臘月 8/ 29/ 3 10/ 4 11/ 5 12/ 6 13/ 7 14/ 8 15/ 916/10 17/11 18/12 19/13 20/14 大寒 22/1623/17 24/18 25/19 26/20 27/21 28/22 29/2330/24 31/25
其中：
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