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沒(méi)有什么特別的原因開(kāi)學(xué)學(xué)習Ruby，只是從興趣出發(fā)

轉化為數組很簡(jiǎn)單，to_a方法搞定：r = 3..12arr = r.to_a     # [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]digits = 0..9digits.include?(5) -> truedigits.min -> 0digits.max -> 9digits.reject {|i| i < 5 } -> [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]digits.each {|digit| dial(digit) } -> 0..9('a'..'z').to_a.each{|i| puts i}   #顯示a到z的字符串r1 = 3..6r2 = 3...6     #....不包含上線(xiàn)6r1a, r1b = r1.first, r1.last    # 3, 6r1c, r1d = r1.begin, r1.end     # 3, 6r2a, r2b = r2.begin, r2.end     # 3, 6 (注意：不是3和5)r1 = "7".."9"r2 = "7".."10"r1.each {|x| puts x }   # 打印出7,8,9r2.each {|x| puts x }   # 未打印任何東西##為什么會(huì )出現這樣的情況？這是因為這里都是字符串，由于r1中，"7"比"9"小所以，它是個(gè)合理的Range；而表達式r2中，"7"比"10"大，下限大于了上限，就不合理了。r1 = 23456..34567x = 14142y = 31416r1.include?(x)      # falser1.include?(y)      # true

3.times { print "X " }1.upto(5) {|i| print i, " " }99.downto(95) {|i| print i, " " }50.step(80, 5) {|i| print i, " " }   #50至80之間步長(cháng)5

a -> 97 #ASCII值

f=File.open("testfile")f.each{|line| puts line}f.close

line=gets   #從鍵盤(pán)輸入負值給lineprint line  #打印line

histogram = Hash.new() #新建一個(gè)Hash表histogram['key1'] -> 0histogram['key1'] = histogram['key1'] + 1histogram['key1'] -> 1histogram.default = "hello"  #沒(méi)有定義的key會(huì )返回hello

shift

char=[a,b,b,c].shift   #刪除數組中的第一個(gè)字符puts char  # a

[1,3,5,7,9].find{|v| v*v < 30 }   #返回滿(mǎn)足條件的第一個(gè)值["H", "A", "L"].collect {|x| x.succ }  #輸下當前字符的下一字符[1,3,5,7,9].each{|i| puts i }   #遍歷數組[1,3,5,7].inject {|sum, element| sum+element}                    #數組求和[1,3,5,7].inject {|product, element| product*element}        #數組求積a=Array.new  #新建一個(gè)數組a = [ 'ant', 'bee', 'cat', 'dog', 'elk' ]a[0] -> "ant"a[3] -> "dog"# this is the same:a = %w{ ant bee cat dog elk }a[0] -> "ant"a[3] -> "dog"a.length -> 5  #數組長(cháng)度，變量為字符串長(cháng)度

全局變量 用$開(kāi)頭
實(shí)例變量 用@開(kāi)頭
類(lèi)變量 用@@ 開(kāi)頭

person = "Tim"person.id -> 936870person.class -> Stringperson -> "Tim"

#{..} → 可以在引號中引用變量值或

def say_goodnight(name)result = "Good night, #{name.capitalize}" #.capitalize輸出字符串首字母大寫(xiě)return resultendputs say_goodnight('uncle')輸出結果:Good night, Uncle

squeeze

我們可以使用squeeze 方法來(lái)一處重復的字符s1 = "bookkeeper"puts s2 = s1.squeeze         # "bokeper"s3 = "Hello..."puts s4 = s3.squeeze         # "Helo."#If a parameter is specified, only those characters will be squeezed.puts s5 = s3.squeeze(".")    # "Hello."

將一個(gè)字符串按照單詞進(jìn)行反轉，那么你就會(huì )用到split方法和，數組的reverse方法

phrase = "Now here's a sentence"puts phrase.split(" ").reverse.join(" ")# "sentence a here's Now"

strip

strip將會(huì )刪除掉字符串的開(kāi)頭和結尾的空格sss="a d c "puts sss.strip  => abc如果你只想從字符串的開(kāi)頭或者結尾的空格，那么可以使用lstrip或者rstripstr = "  abc  "s2 = str.lstrip       # "abc  "s3 = str.rstrip       # "  abc"

chop

chop方法將會(huì )刪除最后一個(gè)字符，返回新的string。如果字符是以\r\n結束，則兩個(gè)字符都會(huì )被刪除str = "abcxyz"s1 = str.chop           # "abcxy"str2="abc\r\n"s2=str2.chop  #abc

chomp

str = "abcxyz"puts s1 = str.chomp #abcxyzstr2 = "123\n"puts s2=str2.chomp   #123str1 = "abcxyz"str2 = "abcxyz"puts s1 = str1.chomp("yz")   # "abcx"puts s2 = str2.chomp("x")    # "abcxyz"   #只匹配結尾的詞

unpack

puts  "E".unpack("c")    #69   輸出一個(gè)字符串的asc碼值

?

puts  "a"<<111    <<符號或者chr來(lái)把一個(gè)asc轉換為字符串:puts  111.chr

scan

"hello world".scan(/./){|s| print s}  #掃描匹配的字符串并打印

casecmp

n4 = "ABC".casecmp("abc")   # 0 功能同<=>忽略大小寫(xiě)

puts

str="bobo"puts str.ljust(8,"++")    #左對齊其余用++補齊puts str.rjust(8,"++")    #右對齊其余用++補齊

"Seconds/day: #{24*60*60}" -> Seconds/day: 86400"#{'Ho! '*3}Merry Christmas!" -> Ho! Ho! Ho! Merry Christmas!"This is line #$." -> This is line 3         # #?顯示程序塊中語(yǔ)句所在的行號

each_byte

str="bobo"str.each_byte{|byte| puts byte.chr}結果：bobo

dup

person1 = "Tim"person2 = person1.dup   #同.new功能相同也可以用person2=person1person1[0] = "J"person1 -> "Jim"person2 -> "Tim"

freeze

person1 = "Tim"person2 = person1person1.freeze   # 字符串不可變person2[0] = "J"結果：prog.rb:4:in `[]=': can't modify frozen string (TypeError)from prog.rb:4

index & rindex

index方法返回指定的子字符串，正則表達式或者字符的起始位置(如果有多個(gè)匹配的只返回第一個(gè)匹配的起始位置)沒(méi)有發(fā)現的話(huà)返回nil,而rindex則是從string的右邊(也就是結束處)開(kāi)始查找，不過(guò)返回的值卻是從左邊數起的：str = "Albert Einstein"puts pos1 = str.index(?E)        # 7puts pos1 = str.index(69)        # 7puts pos2 = str.index("bert")    # 2puts pos3 = str.index(/in/)      # 8puts pos4 = str.index(?e)        # nilputs pos5 = str.index("bart")    # nilputs pos6 = str.index(/wein/)    # nil

正側表達式

sub或者gsub方法來(lái)進(jìn)行替換，他們兩個(gè)方法第一個(gè)參數都是接受正則表達式。其中，sub方法替換掉第一個(gè)匹配的地方，而gsub方法替換掉全部匹配的地方：s1 = "spam, spam, and eggs"s2 = s1.sub(/spam/,"bacon")               # "bacon, spam, and eggs"s3 = s2.sub(/(\w+), (\w+),/,'\2, \1,')    # "spam, bacon, and eggs"s4 = "Don't forget the spam."s5 = s4.sub(/spam/) { |m| m.reverse }     # "Don't forget the maps."  把匹配部分的單詞反轉s5 = "alfalfa abracadabra"s6 = s5.gsub(/a[bl]/,"xx")     # "xxfxxfa xxracadxxra"s5.gsub(/[lfdbr]/) { |m| m.upcase + "-" }# s5 is now "aL-F-aL-F-a aB-R-acaD-aB-R-a"

ruby打印輸出命令puts 帶換行符輸出priint 不帶換行符輸出ruby中區間表示1..5表示1，2，3，4，51...5表示1，2，3，4