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在上面的這句話(huà)中,anything就是不定代詞,在這里指的是無(wú)能為力的意思。那么什么是不定代詞呢?它都是有哪些呢?又分別是怎么用的呢,接下來(lái)咱們一起進(jìn)行學(xué)習。
不定代詞,是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法術(shù)語(yǔ),在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。不定代詞共分兩類(lèi):一類(lèi)是兼做代詞和限定詞的, 如:all,another,both,each,either,many,much,neither,以及few,little等;另一類(lèi)由any/ every/ no/ some后加-body,-one,-thing構成的復合不定代詞,如:anyone,everybody,something 等。
不定代詞既有名詞的功能,也有形容詞的功能。大多數不定代詞在句中可做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。例如:
Somethingmust be wrong with my brain. 我腦子一定出問(wèn)題了。[做主語(yǔ)]
He want to do anything. 他什么都想做 [做賓語(yǔ)]
The risk is as nothingcompared to the gain. 所冒風(fēng)險與所得相比不足掛齒。 [做表語(yǔ)]
We allpassed the science exam. 我們都通過(guò)了考試 [做同位語(yǔ)]
(一)one的用法
one泛指上文出現過(guò)的同類(lèi)異物的單數可數名詞,既可指人,也可指物;既可單獨使用,也可放在可數名詞單數的前面做定語(yǔ)。其所有格形式為one’s,復數形式是ones。
(1)單獨使用時(shí),泛指“人”“一個(gè)人”“人們”。
One can not succeed unless one tries hard. 除非努力,否則不可能成功。
注意:one也可用this, that, any, some, each, the next, every, which等修飾。
(2)one表示具體的“一個(gè)人或物”
-- Give me a glass?
-- Which one?
-- The one on the shelf.
(二) some 和any的用法
當不知或不能確定數量,只表示“一些,若干”時(shí),用some或any,兩者既可用作代詞,也可用作限定詞(后接名詞)。
(1)some和any表示不定數量的“一些”,既可修飾可數名詞,也可修飾不可數名詞,some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑問(wèn)句,否定句和條件句中。例如:
There is some water in the bottle.
He hasn't got any wine.
Have you got any money with you? If you have any, please lend me some.
(2)some有時(shí)也用于疑問(wèn)句中,表示邀請,或說(shuō)話(huà)人希望對方給予肯定的回答或設想對方作出肯定的回答。any也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何的”或“任何一些”。例如:
Would you like some apples?
You can choose any dress you like.
(3)some有時(shí)可修飾可數名詞單數,表示“某個(gè)”。
Some girl is waiting for you at the school gate.
(4)any可用作狀語(yǔ),表程度。例如:
I can't stay here any longer.
(三)each和every的用法
(1)each和every的用法區別
Each of the students will get a new book.(作主語(yǔ))
The headmaster shook hands with each of us after the game.(作賓語(yǔ))
We each have our own problems.(作同位語(yǔ))
Each child will find his own personal road to success.(作定語(yǔ))
Every dog has its day. 人人皆有得意時(shí)。(作定語(yǔ))
注意:each強調個(gè)體,做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ),指兩者或兩者以上的“每個(gè)”, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數,可以和of搭配。every強調整體,只做定語(yǔ),指“三者或三者以上的每個(gè)”,不可以和of搭配。
(四)both和all的用法
all 表示“三者或三者以上”,與none和no one是反義詞,指代或修飾可數名詞復數或不可數名詞。both表示“兩者都”,一般只能修飾或指代可數名詞復數。兩者在句中可做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)等。例如:
All of us love Chinese food.(作主語(yǔ))
She asked both of them to leave the city.(作賓語(yǔ))
We all agreed the doctor’s conclusion.(作同位語(yǔ))
(五) many和much的用法
(1)many只修飾可數名詞復數 ,much只修飾不可數名詞 。兩者在句中可做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。many做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復數;much做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數。例如:
Many hands make light work.人多好辦事。(作定語(yǔ))
There isn’t much rain every year here.(作定語(yǔ))
You can't eat too much at a time.(作賓語(yǔ))
(2)many of+復數名詞做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復數形式;
much of+不可數名詞做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數形式。
Many of the young people will be meeting them at the station tomorrow.
Much of the furniture in the store is made of wood.
(六)either 和neither的用法
(1)either指“兩個(gè)人或物中的任何一個(gè)”,表示肯定意義;neither指“兩個(gè)人或物中一個(gè)也不,兩者都不”,表示 否定意義。這兩個(gè)詞都可以在句中做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。例如:
--Which would you like, coffee or tea?
--Either is OK. (做主語(yǔ))
(2)either 和 neither用作代詞時(shí),可以單獨使用,也可以和of連用,后接復數名詞或代詞them, us,you。
Either of your parents should attend the meeting tomorrow.
Neither of you is right.
--Which do you like?
--Neither. I think they're both ugly.
總結:當either和neither用于單數名詞前時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數形式。either of與neither of用于復數名詞或代詞之前時(shí),在正式的口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數形式。
(七)few, a few, little, a little的用法
句型轉換
There is something new in today’s newspaper.
疑問(wèn)句:Is there something new in today’s newspaper?
否定句:There isn't anything new in today’s newspaper.
同義句替換:There is nothing new in today's newspaper.
用所給詞的適當形式填空。
(1)Everything___is__(be) quiet in the room.
(2)Nobody__knows__(know) his name.
(3)Nothing in the world___moves_(move)faster than light.
(4)Do you want to have_anything else__ (anything else; else anything)?
(5)There is_nothing interesting___(nothing interesting ; interesting nothing) in today’s newspaper.
(總結:不定代詞做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用三單;形容詞修飾不定代詞需后置。)
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