ETS首次傳出重大改革的呼聲應該追溯到2005年12月份,當時(shí)ETS大言不慚的宣布2006年10月的GRE考試將再次恢復成機考,并作出可能是近60年最為重大的一次改革。當然,由于受到多種利益集團的影響和相應國家的壓力,最后上演了一次“狼來(lái)了”的鬧劇。而這次,ETS于2009年12月4日在美國研究生院委員會(huì )第49屆年會(huì )上再次正式宣布GRE考試將于2011年8月進(jìn)行歷史上最大的一次改革,并且紐約時(shí)報教育版和美國著(zhù)名教育網(wǎng)站都對此進(jìn)行了相對權威的報導,可見(jiàn)ETS對于GRE考試改革的決心,并且這次改革大有“勢在必行,絕不忽悠”的態(tài)勢。由此可見(jiàn),GRE改革是遲早之事,同時(shí)改革內容之重大無(wú)容置疑。那么現在我們從考試時(shí)間、考試形式、考試內容和算分方式四方面來(lái)講解一下改革后的新GRE的特點(diǎn)及相關(guān)備考策略。
一、改革后的考試時(shí)間表 ETS的改革時(shí)間表以于2009年12月在官方網(wǎng)站上鄭重登出,具體如下:
ETS時(shí)間改革表
對策:
因為新GRE考試對于全球所有考生甚至是教育者來(lái)講都是一個(gè)全新的測試,其中題型、難度、規律等都必然存在許多未知的領(lǐng)域,所以強烈建議各位準備出國的同學(xué):
1、盡可能在2011年6月以前完成GRE的考試,也就是盡可能考老題型。那么對于各位同學(xué)來(lái)講末班車(chē)只有三趟了,分別是2010年6月、2010年10月和2011年6月。
2、如果時(shí)間確實(shí)不合適可以考慮考新GRE,但需要注意的是因為現在很多學(xué)校尤其是牛校接受資料的截止日期都有所提前,最早的已經(jīng)達到11月下旬,所以同學(xué)們需要在2011年11月以前完成GRE考試,不然GRE成績(jì)有可能會(huì )錯過(guò)截止日期。
二、考試形式 新的GRE考試設計界面將更加友好,過(guò)程將更加靈活,并且將更加注重那些學(xué)生在研究生院和商學(xué)院實(shí)用的技能。新GRE考試形式改變具體如下:
• 筆考和機考結合的形式將被每月進(jìn)行一到兩次的機考取代;
• 新題型可以更好反映商學(xué)院和研究生院所需技能;
• 新的答題格式包括基于電腦的量化答案輸入題;
• 減少對于單詞意涵背記的孤立考察,更加突出閱讀能力;
• 每個(gè)部分內部增設Preview和Review修改功能(不可跨越section修改答案);
• 新的“Mark與Review”功能方便考生快速回到先前跳過(guò)的題目;
• 允許考生修改編輯已經(jīng)做出的答案;
• 數學(xué)部分增加在線(xiàn)計算器功能。
對策:
1、考試時(shí)間今后將更為靈活,不是死板的一年兩次,而是一月一次到兩次,為不同考生提供了適合的考試機會(huì ),并且今后考試的成績(jì)也不會(huì )再做加權,而是以最優(yōu)為準。但同樣應該注意的是考位問(wèn)題。新G考試可能在考試初期考位有限,所以“欲報”必須“從速”
2、考試出現量化輸入是指數學(xué)部分出現了主觀(guān)題目,考生需要填寫(xiě)計算結果而不是簡(jiǎn)單的排除選項,所以要求考生數學(xué)功底要更加扎實(shí),要知道具體的計算過(guò)程并正確計算出結果。當然體貼的ETS給出了計算器功能,但這也意味著(zhù)有些題目的計算可能會(huì )比較復雜。
3、考試減少了對詞匯量的考察,但一定注意不意味著(zhù)不考察。ETS多次在改革中強調了高級認知水平其實(shí)就是提醒各位考生詞匯量的重要性。只是詞匯量的考察已經(jīng)不再是用具體的題目考察而是融入其他的考試題型之中。
4、考生在一般計算機適應性考試(Adaptive Test)中所面臨的題目,其難度取決于之前一道題目的題型,難度和考生答題狀況。在這樣的考試過(guò)程中,考生一旦選定了某一題的答案,就不能再做任何修改。而新的GRE考試采取多階考察(Multi-Stage Test )的形式,利用計算機適應性技術(shù),考生在考試的每個(gè)階段/部分所面對的考題,其難度由考生在上一個(gè)部分的答題表現所決定。這樣的安排更加靈活,允許考生瀏覽和回顧考題或者修改已經(jīng)做出的答案
三、考試內容
此次GRE考試內容方面的改革,指導思想是使考試結果能更好地反映并評估那些學(xué)生在美國大學(xué)研究生院學(xué)習并取得成功所必備的技能。ETS相信這些改進(jìn)有助于更好地測試各個(gè)考生未來(lái)取得成功的潛力。新GRE考試的內容如下:
新GRE考試的內容
新的GRE考試總耗時(shí)約為3小時(shí)45分鐘,外加考生中場(chǎng)休息時(shí)間,共有6個(gè)部分。最先考的是寫(xiě)作,其中包含兩項計時(shí)寫(xiě)作任務(wù)(Issue和Argument);接下來(lái)就是兩個(gè)語(yǔ)文部分和兩個(gè)數學(xué)部分(其中一個(gè)部分不算分數);最后是研究考試部分。研究考試部分之前會(huì )有一個(gè)10分鐘的休息,其余各個(gè)部分之間只有1分鐘的間隔?,F在我們逐一介紹:
A、寫(xiě)作: 寫(xiě)作部分將重點(diǎn)考察考生有針對性地對具體考題做出反應的能力,而非要求考生堆砌泛泛的文字。具體說(shuō)來(lái),這些重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的能力包括:
• 清楚有效地闡明復雜觀(guān)點(diǎn)
• 用貼切的事理和事例支撐觀(guān)點(diǎn)
• 考察/驗證他人論點(diǎn)及其相關(guān)論證
• 支撐一個(gè)有針對性的連貫的討論
• 控制標準書(shū)面英語(yǔ)的各個(gè)要素
對策:
整體來(lái)看的話(huà)新GRE考試的寫(xiě)作部分改動(dòng)不大,但仍要注意如下問(wèn)題:
1、新GRE考試大規模更新了題庫,降低了考生依賴(lài)事前準備(如背誦)的可能性。
2、新GRE考試的issue答題時(shí)間由以前的45分鐘變?yōu)榱?0分鐘,要求考生的瞬間反應速度要更快,思維要更活躍,作文要更流暢迅速。
3、新GRE考試的作文原文會(huì )直接寄給學(xué)校,這樣一方面增加了評卷的準確和客觀(guān)性,一方面也給所有考生提供了一個(gè)機會(huì ),當然更是一個(gè)挑戰。
B、語(yǔ)文 傳統筆考的GRE我們比較熟悉,分為填空、類(lèi)比、閱讀和反義四個(gè)部分。而新GRE考試分為閱讀、填空和同意填句(sentence equivalence)。
1、閱讀(共10個(gè)題目左右)
(1)、篇幅縮短,數量增加。
(2)、文章體裁更加多樣性,不只有陽(yáng)春白雪,還會(huì )有市井俗文(academic or nonacademic);
(3)、題型多樣化。在新GRE考試中閱讀有三種題型:?jiǎn)芜x(5選1)、多選(3選多)、點(diǎn)句。
Sample questions:
Policymakers must confront the dilemma that fossil fuels continue to be an indispensable source of energy even though burning them produces atmospheric accumulations of carbon dioxide that increase the likelihood of potentially disastrous global climate change. Currently, technology that would capture carbon dioxide emitted by power plants and sequester it harmlessly underground or undersea instead of releasing it into the atmosphere might double the cost of generating electricity. But because sequestration does not affect the cost of electricity transmission and distribution, delivered prices will rise less, by no more than 50 percent. Research into better technologies for capturing carbon dioxide will undoubtedly lead to lowered costs。
Sample Multiple-choice Questions — Select One Answer Choice
1. The passage implies which of the following about the current cost of generating electricity?
A. It is higher than it would be if better technologies for capturing carbon dioxide were available。
B. It is somewhat less than the cost of electricity transmission and distribution。
C. It constitutes at most half of the delivered price of electricity。
D. It is dwelt on by policymakers to the exclusion of other costs associated with electricity delivery。
E. It is not fully recovered by the prices charged directly to electricity consumers。
Answer: C
2. The passage suggests that extensive use of sequestration would, over time, have which of the following consequences?
A. The burning of fossil fuels would eventually cease to produce atmospheric accumulations of carbon dioxide。
B. The proportion of the delivered price of electricity due to generation would rise and then decline。
C. Power plants would consume progressively lower quantities of fossil fuels。
Answer: B
3. Select the sentence that explains why an outcome of sequestration that might have been expected would not occur。
Answer:
“But because sequestration does not affect the cost of electricity transmission and distribution, delivered prices will rise less, by no more than 50 percent.”
2、填空
(1)、每題總長(cháng)度1-5句話(huà)。設有1-3個(gè)空格。
(2)、若2或3個(gè)空,每空對應三個(gè)選項,若一個(gè)空,對應5個(gè)選項。
(3)、獨立選擇,沒(méi)有連帶關(guān)系。
Sample questions:
Directions: For each blank select one entry from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text。
1. It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an author who does not allow facts to be (1)__________ by politics: well aware of the political disputes about the effects of human activities on climate and biodiversity, this author does not permit them to (2)__________ his comprehensive description of what we know about our biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the (3)__________, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood before we can accurately diagnose the condition of our planet。
選項列表1
Answer: overshadowed, obscure, and superficiality of our theories
2. The author's (1)__________ style renders a fascinating subject, the role played by luck in everyday life, extraordinarily (2)__________。
選項列表2
Answer: soporific and tedious
3. From the outset, the concept of freedom of the seas from the proprietary claims of nations was challenged by a contrary notion — that of the _______ of the oceans for reasons of national security and profit。
選項列表3
Answer: appropriation
3、同意填句 (1)、每題6個(gè)選項。每次必選2個(gè);
(2)、選擇填寫(xiě)完畢使得兩句話(huà)意思接近。
Sample questions:
Directions: Select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning。
1. Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as __________。
A. orthodox
B. eccentric
C. original
D. trifling
E. conventional
F. innovative
Answer: C and F
對策:
1、閱讀部分拓寬閱讀量,適應新題型,提高信息的定位和內容的全面把握能力。
2、填空部分學(xué)會(huì )整體全盤(pán)把握同時(shí)每空獨立思考。
3、同意填句注意同義詞或近義詞的積累。
C. 數學(xué)
數學(xué)部分依舊關(guān)注代數、幾何、統計概率等數學(xué)概念,同時(shí)引入了更多的生活場(chǎng)景并且更加突出對考生解讀數字能力的考察。具體題型主要有多選1;多選多;填答案;比大小。
Sample questions:
多選1
問(wèn)題1圖
1. The figure above shows a circle with center C and radius 6. What is the sum of the areas of the two shaded regions?
7.5π
6π
4.5π
4π
3π
Answer: D
問(wèn)題2圖
2. The figure above shows the graph of a function f, defined by f(x)=|2x|+4 for all numbers x. For which of the following functions g defined for all numbers x does the graph of g intersect the graph of f ?
g(x)=x-2
g(x)=x+3
g(x)=2x-2
g(x)=2x+3
g(x)=3x-2
Answer: E
多選多:
1. Each employee of a certain company is in either Department X or Department Y, and there are more than twice as many employees in Department X as in Department Y. The average (arithmetic mean) salary is $25,000 for the employees in Department X and is $35,000 for the employees in Department Y. Which of the following amounts could be the average salary for all of the employees in the company?
Indicate all such amounts。
$26,000
$28,000
$29,000
$30,000
$31,000
$32,000
$34,000
Answer: A and B
2. If f, g, and h are positive integers, f is a factor of g, and g is a factor of h, which of the following statements must be true?
Indicate all such statements。
f is a factor of g2
f is a factor of gh。
f is a factor of h-g
Answer: A, B, and C
填答案
1.
填答案圖1
Answer: 101
2. A university admitted 100 students who transferred from other institutions. Of these students, 34 transferred from two-year community colleges, 25 transferred from private four-year institutions, and the rest transferred from public four-year institutions. If two different students are to be selected at random from the 100 students, what is the probability that both students selected will be students who transferred from two-year community colleges?
Give your answer as a fraction。
填答案圖2
比大?。?br> A. Quantity A is greater。
B. Quantity B is greater。
C. The two quantities are equal。
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given。
A symbol that appears more than once in a question has the same meaning throughout the question。
1.
比大小圖
Answer: A
對策:
扎實(shí)數學(xué)知識,計算時(shí)候不要出錯。
五、算分方法 目前的GRE考試單科分數的區間為200-800分,10分為最小單位。改革后,GRE的語(yǔ)文和數學(xué)分數區間將為130-170,1分為最小單位。新的算分方法有助于避免現行考試中多做對一道題導致分數差十分這樣局面產(chǎn)生,讓分數計算更加精準更加合理。作文考試分數區間依舊為0-6分,0.5分為最小單位。
對策:
這一項基本了解即可,我們沒(méi)有太多活動(dòng)的余地,但新的算法會(huì )更科學(xué),更客觀(guān)。
最后,新GRE考試雖然新,但未必難,希望同學(xué)們結合老GRE基礎實(shí)力的復習同時(shí)把握新題型特點(diǎn),總和復習。相信有志者事必成,我們中國考生必將在新GRE考試中譜寫(xiě)新的東方神話(huà)