一步一步學(xué)Linq to sql（四）：查詢(xún)句法http://www.cnblogs.com/lovecherry/archive/2007/08/17/859826.html
select
描述：查詢(xún)顧客的公司名、地址信息
查詢(xún)句法：
var 構建匿名類(lèi)型1 = from c in ctx.Customers
select new
{
公司名 = c.CompanyName,
地址 = c.Address
};
對應SQL：
SELECT [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[Address]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
描述：查詢(xún)職員的姓名和雇用年份
查詢(xún)句法：
var 構建匿名類(lèi)型2 = from emp in ctx.Employees
select new
{
姓名 = emp.LastName + emp.FirstName,
雇用年 = emp.HireDate.Value.Year
};
對應SQL：
SELECT [t0].[LastName] + [t0].[FirstName] AS [value], DATEPART(Year, [t0].[HireDate]) AS [value2]
FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [t0]
描述：查詢(xún)顧客的ID以及聯(lián)系信息（職位和聯(lián)系人）
查詢(xún)句法：
var 構建匿名類(lèi)型3 = from c in ctx.Customers
select new
{
ID = c.CustomerID,
聯(lián)系信息 = new
{
職位 = c.ContactTitle,
聯(lián)系人 = c.ContactName
}
};
對應SQL：
SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[ContactName]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
描述：查詢(xún)訂單號和訂單是否超重的信息
查詢(xún)句法：
var select帶條件 = from o in ctx.Orders
select new
{
訂單號 = o.OrderID,
是否超重 = o.Freight > 100 ? "是" : "否"
};
對應SQL：
SELECT [t0].[OrderID],
(CASE
WHEN [t0].[Freight] > @p0 THEN @p1
ELSE @p2
END) AS [value]
FROM [dbo].[Orders] AS [t0]
-- @p0: Input Currency (Size = 0; Prec = 19; Scale = 4) [100]
-- @p1: Input String (Size = 1; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [是]
-- @p2: Input String (Size = 1; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [否]
where
描述：查詢(xún)顧客的國家、城市和訂單數信息，要求國家是法國并且訂單數大于5
查詢(xún)句法：
var 多條件 = from c in ctx.Customers
where c.Country == "France" && c.Orders.Count > 5
select new
{
國家 = c.Country,
城市 = c.City,
訂單數 = c.Orders.Count
};
對應SQL：
SELECT [t0].[Country], [t0].[City], (
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM [dbo].[Orders] AS [t2]
WHERE [t2].[CustomerID] = [t0].[CustomerID]
) AS [value]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE ([t0].[Country] = @p0) AND (((
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM [dbo].[Orders] AS [t1]
WHERE [t1].[CustomerID] = [t0].[CustomerID]
)) > @p1)
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 6; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [France]
-- @p1: Input Int32 (Size = 0; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [5]
orderby
描述：查詢(xún)所有沒(méi)有下屬雇員的雇用年和名，按照雇用年倒序，按照名正序
查詢(xún)句法：
var 排序 = from emp in ctx.Employees
where emp.Employees.Count == 0
orderby emp.HireDate.Value.Year descending, emp.FirstName ascending
select new
{
雇用年 = emp.HireDate.Value.Year,
名 = emp.FirstName
};
對應SQL：
SELECT DATEPART(Year, [t0].[HireDate]) AS [value], [t0].[FirstName]
FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [t0]
WHERE ((
SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM [dbo].[Employees] AS [t1]
WHERE [t1].[ReportsTo] = [t0].[EmployeeID]
)) = @p0
ORDER BY DATEPART(Year, [t0].[HireDate]) DESC, [t0].[FirstName]
-- @p0: Input Int32 (Size = 0; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [0]
分頁(yè)
描述：按照每頁(yè)10條記錄，查詢(xún)第二頁(yè)的顧客
查詢(xún)句法：
var 分頁(yè) = (from c in ctx.Customers select c).Skip(10).Take(10);
對應SQL：
SELECT TOP 10 [t1].[CustomerID], [t1].[CompanyName], [t1].[ContactName], [t1].[ContactTitle], [t1].[Address], [t1].[City], [t1].[Region], [t1].[PostalCode], [t1].[Country], [t1].[Phone], [t1].[Fax]
FROM (
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]) AS [ROW_NUMBER], [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
) AS [t1]
WHERE [t1].[ROW_NUMBER] > @p0
-- @p0: Input Int32 (Size = 0; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [10]
分組
描述：根據顧客的國家分組，查詢(xún)顧客數大于5的國家名和顧客數
查詢(xún)句法：
var 一般分組 = from c in ctx.Customers
group c by c.Country into g
where g.Count() > 5
orderby g.Count() descending
select new
{
國家 = g.Key,
顧客數 = g.Count()
};
對應SQL：
SELECT [t1].[Country], [t1].[value3] AS [顧客數]
FROM (
SELECT COUNT(*) AS [value], COUNT(*) AS [value2], COUNT(*) AS [value3], [t0].[Country]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
GROUP BY [t0].[Country]
) AS [t1]
WHERE [t1].[value] > @p0
ORDER BY [t1].[value2] DESC
-- @p0: Input Int32 (Size = 0; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [5]
描述：根據國家和城市分組，查詢(xún)顧客覆蓋的國家和城市
查詢(xún)句法：
var 匿名類(lèi)型分組 = from c in ctx.Customers
group c by new { c.City, c.Country } into g
orderby g.Key.Country, g.Key.City
select new
{
國家 = g.Key.Country,
城市 = g.Key.City
};
對應SQL：
SELECT [t1].[Country], [t1].[City]
FROM (
SELECT [t0].[City], [t0].[Country]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
GROUP BY [t0].[City], [t0].[Country]
) AS [t1]
ORDER BY [t1].[Country], [t1].[City]
描述：按照是否超重條件分組，分別查詢(xún)訂單數量
查詢(xún)句法：
var 按照條件分組 = from o in ctx.Orders
group o by new { 條件 = o.Freight > 100 } into g
select new
{
數量 = g.Count(),
是否超重 = g.Key.條件 ? "是" : "否"
};
對應SQL：
SELECT
(CASE
WHEN [t2].[value2] = 1 THEN @p1
ELSE @p2
END) AS [value], [t2].[value] AS [數量]
FROM (
SELECT COUNT(*) AS [value], [t1].[value] AS [value2]
FROM (
SELECT
(CASE
WHEN [t0].[Freight] > @p0 THEN 1
WHEN NOT ([t0].[Freight] > @p0) THEN 0
ELSE NULL
END) AS [value]
FROM [dbo].[Orders] AS [t0]
) AS [t1]
GROUP BY [t1].[value]
) AS [t2]
-- @p0: Input Currency (Size = 0; Prec = 19; Scale = 4) [100]
-- @p1: Input String (Size = 1; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [是]
-- @p2: Input String (Size = 1; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [否]
distinct
描述：查詢(xún)顧客覆蓋的國家
查詢(xún)句法：
var 過(guò)濾相同項 = (from c in ctx.Customers orderby c.Country select c.Country).Distinct();
對應SQL：
SELECT DISTINCT [t0].[Country]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
union
描述：查詢(xún)城市是A打頭和城市包含A的顧客并按照顧客名字排序
查詢(xún)句法：
var 連接并且過(guò)濾相同項 = (from c in ctx.Customers where c.City.Contains("A") select c).Union
(from c in ctx.Customers where c.ContactName.StartsWith("A") select c).OrderBy(c => c.ContactName);
對應SQL：
SELECT [t3].[CustomerID], [t3].[CompanyName], [t3].[ContactName], [t3].[ContactTitle], [t3].[Address], [t3].[City], [t3].[Region], [t3].[PostalCode], [t3].[Country], [t3].[Phone], [t3].[Fax]
FROM (
SELECT [t2].[CustomerID], [t2].[CompanyName], [t2].[ContactName], [t2].[ContactTitle], [t2].[Address], [t2].[City], [t2].[Region], [t2].[PostalCode], [t2].[Country], [t2].[Phone], [t2].[Fax]
FROM (
SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE [t0].[City] LIKE @p0
UNION
SELECT [t1].[CustomerID], [t1].[CompanyName], [t1].[ContactName], [t1].[ContactTitle], [t1].[Address], [t1].[City], [t1].[Region], [t1].[PostalCode], [t1].[Country], [t1].[Phone], [t1].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t1]
WHERE [t1].[ContactName] LIKE @p1
) AS [t2]
) AS [t3]
ORDER BY [t3].[ContactName]
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 3; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [%A%]
-- @p1: Input String (Size = 2; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [A%]
concat
描述：查詢(xún)城市是A打頭和城市包含A的顧客并按照顧客名字排序，相同的顧客信息不會(huì )過(guò)濾
查詢(xún)句法：
var 連接并且不過(guò)濾相同項 = (from c in ctx.Customers where c.City.Contains("A") select c).Concat
(from c in ctx.Customers where c.ContactName.StartsWith("A") select c).OrderBy(c => c.ContactName);
對應SQL：
SELECT [t3].[CustomerID], [t3].[CompanyName], [t3].[ContactName], [t3].[ContactTitle], [t3].[Address], [t3].[City], [t3].[Region], [t3].[PostalCode], [t3].[Country], [t3].[Phone], [t3].[Fax]
FROM (
SELECT [t2].[CustomerID], [t2].[CompanyName], [t2].[ContactName], [t2].[ContactTitle], [t2].[Address], [t2].[City], [t2].[Region], [t2].[PostalCode], [t2].[Country], [t2].[Phone], [t2].[Fax]
FROM (
SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE [t0].[City] LIKE @p0
UNION ALL
SELECT [t1].[CustomerID], [t1].[CompanyName], [t1].[ContactName], [t1].[ContactTitle], [t1].[Address], [t1].[City], [t1].[Region], [t1].[PostalCode], [t1].[Country], [t1].[Phone], [t1].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t1]
WHERE [t1].[ContactName] LIKE @p1
) AS [t2]
) AS [t3]
ORDER BY [t3].[ContactName]
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 3; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [%A%]
-- @p1: Input String (Size = 2; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [A%]
取相交項
描述：查詢(xún)城市是A打頭的顧客和城市包含A的顧客的交集，并按照顧客名字排序
查詢(xún)句法：
var 取相交項 = (from c in ctx.Customers where c.City.Contains("A") select c).Intersect
(from c in ctx.Customers where c.ContactName.StartsWith("A") select c).OrderBy(c => c.ContactName);
對應SQL：
SELECT [t1].[CustomerID], [t1].[CompanyName], [t1].[ContactName], [t1].[ContactTitle], [t1].[Address], [t1].[City], [t1].[Region], [t1].[PostalCode], [t1].[Country], [t1].[Phone], [t1].[Fax]
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
) AS [t1]
WHERE (EXISTS(
SELECT NULL AS [EMPTY]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t2]
WHERE ([t1].[CustomerID] = [t2].[CustomerID]) AND ([t2].[ContactName] LIKE @p0)
)) AND ([t1].[City] LIKE @p1)
ORDER BY [t1].[ContactName]
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 2; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [A%]
-- @p1: Input String (Size = 3; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [%A%]
排除相交項
描述：查詢(xún)城市包含A的顧客并從中刪除城市以A開(kāi)頭的顧客，并按照顧客名字排序
查詢(xún)句法：
var 排除相交項 = (from c in ctx.Customers where c.City.Contains("A") select c).Except
(from c in ctx.Customers where c.ContactName.StartsWith("A") select c).OrderBy(c => c.ContactName);
對應SQL：
SELECT [t1].[CustomerID], [t1].[CompanyName], [t1].[ContactName], [t1].[ContactTitle], [t1].[Address], [t1].[City], [t1].[Region], [t1].[PostalCode], [t1].[Country], [t1].[Phone], [t1].[Fax]
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
) AS [t1]
WHERE (NOT (EXISTS(
SELECT NULL AS [EMPTY]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t2]
WHERE ([t1].[CustomerID] = [t2].[CustomerID]) AND ([t2].[ContactName] LIKE @p0)
))) AND ([t1].[City] LIKE @p1)
ORDER BY [t1].[ContactName]
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 2; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [A%]
-- @p1: Input String (Size = 3; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [%A%]
子查詢(xún)
描述：查詢(xún)訂單數超過(guò)5的顧客信息
查詢(xún)句法：
var 子查詢(xún) = from c in ctx.Customers
where
(from o in ctx.Orders group o by o.CustomerID into o where o.Count() > 5 select o.Key).Contains(c.CustomerID)
select c;
對應SQL：
SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE EXISTS(
SELECT NULL AS [EMPTY]
FROM (
SELECT COUNT(*) AS [value], [t1].[CustomerID]
FROM [dbo].[Orders] AS [t1]
GROUP BY [t1].[CustomerID]
) AS [t2]
WHERE ([t2].[CustomerID] = [t0].[CustomerID]) AND ([t2].[value] > @p0)
)
-- @p0: Input Int32 (Size = 0; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [5]
in操作
描述：查詢(xún)指定城市中的客戶(hù)
查詢(xún)句法：
var in操作 = from c in ctx.Customers
where new string[] { "Brandenburg", "Cowes", "Stavern" }.Contains(c.City)
select c;
對應SQL：
SELECT [t0].[CustomerID], [t0].[CompanyName], [t0].[ContactName], [t0].[ContactTitle], [t0].[Address], [t0].[City], [t0].[Region], [t0].[PostalCode], [t0].[Country], [t0].[Phone], [t0].[Fax]
FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [t0]
WHERE [t0].[City] IN (@p0, @p1, @p2)
-- @p0: Input String (Size = 11; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [Brandenburg]
-- @p1: Input String (Size = 5; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [Cowes]
-- @p2: Input String (Size = 7; Prec = 0; Scale = 0) [Stavern]
join
描述：內連接，沒(méi)有分類(lèi)的產(chǎn)品查詢(xún)不到
查詢(xún)句法：
var innerjoin = from p in ctx.Products
join c in ctx.Categories
on p.CategoryID equals c.CategoryID
select p.ProductName;
對應SQL：
SELECT COUNT(*) AS [value]
FROM [dbo].[Products] AS [t0]
INNER JOIN [dbo].[Categories] AS [t1] ON [t0].[CategoryID] = ([t1].[CategoryID])
描述：外連接，沒(méi)有分類(lèi)的產(chǎn)品也能查詢(xún)到
查詢(xún)句法：
var leftjoin = from p in ctx.Products
join c in ctx.Categories
on p.CategoryID equals c.CategoryID
into pro
from x in pro.DefaultIfEmpty()
select p.ProductName;
對應SQL：
SELECT COUNT(*) AS [value]
FROM [dbo].[Products] AS [t0]
LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[Categories] AS [t1] ON [t0].[CategoryID] = ([t1].[CategoryID])
你可能會(huì )很奇怪，原先很復雜的SQL使用查詢(xún)句法會(huì )很簡(jiǎn)單（比如按照條件分組）。但是原先覺(jué)得很好理解的SQL使用查詢(xún)句法會(huì )覺(jué)得很復雜（比如連接查詢(xún)）。其實(shí)，我們還可以通過(guò)其它方式進(jìn)行連接操作，在以后說(shuō)DataLoadOptions類(lèi)型的時(shí)候會(huì )再說(shuō)。雖然Linq to sql已經(jīng)非常智能了，但是對于非常復雜的查詢(xún)還是建議通過(guò)存儲過(guò)程實(shí)現，下次講解如何調用存儲過(guò)程。
