考點(diǎn)名稱(chēng)：主謂一致
主謂一致的概念：
謂語(yǔ)的數必須和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。
主謂一致的基本原則：
1)語(yǔ)法一致原則，即在語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致。例如，主語(yǔ)是單數形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取單數形式；主語(yǔ)是復數形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取復數形式。
例如：The students are very young.
This picture looks beautiful.
2)意義一致原則，即從意義著(zhù)眼處理一致關(guān)系。例如，主語(yǔ)形式雖是單數但意義是復數，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取復數形式；
而有些主語(yǔ)形式雖是復數但意義上看作單數，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采取單數形式。
例如：The people in that country are fighting for independence.
The crowd deeply respect their leader.
Three years in a strange land seems a long time.
3)就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數或復數形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。
例如：Neither hen or I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy.
幾對容易混淆詞組的一致用法：
1、由“this／thatkind／typeof+名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數形式；而由'these／thosekind／typeof+復數名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復數形式。
例如：This kind of apples is highly priced.
Those kind(s) of tests are good.
2、由“a number of，a totalo f，an average of+復數名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復數形式；由“the number of，the total of，the average of+復數名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數形式。
例如：A number of students are waiting for the bus.
The number of the students in this university is increasing yearly.
3、one of，the(only) one of的一致用法
例如：This is one of the books that have been recommended.
This is the(only) one of the books that has been recommended.
主謂一致用法點(diǎn)撥：
1、并列結構作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用復數：
如：Reading and writing are very important.
注意：當主語(yǔ)由and連結時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數，and此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。
如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.
典型例題：
The League secretary and monitor___asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
答案：B.
注：先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情應用過(guò)去時(shí)，先排除A、C本題易誤選D，因為T(mén)he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人，但仔細辨別，monitor前沒(méi)有the，在英語(yǔ)中，當一人兼數職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and相連。這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人，所以應選B。
2、主謂一致中的靠近原則：
1）當there be句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2）當either…or…與neither…nor，連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引導，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。
例如：Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
3、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致：
當主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等詞引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。
例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.
4、謂語(yǔ)需用單數：
1）代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構成的復合代詞作主語(yǔ)，或主語(yǔ)中含有each,every,謂語(yǔ)需用單數。
例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder.
2）當主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)或一條格言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數。
例如：The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
3）表示金錢(qián)，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數。(用復數也可，意思不變。)
例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten yuan is enough.
5、指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復數：
1）在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復數由其指代的詞的單復數決定。
例如：All is right. (一切順利。)
All are present. (所有人都到齊了。)
2）集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數要根據主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。
例如：family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復數形式時(shí)，意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數時(shí)表示該個(gè)集體。
例如：His family isn't very large. 他家不是一個(gè)大家庭。
His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂(lè )愛(ài)好者。
但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復數形式。
例如：Are there any police around?
3）有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有時(shí)看作單數，有時(shí)看作復數。
A number of+名詞復數+復數動(dòng)詞。 The number of+名詞復數+單數動(dòng)詞。
例如：A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
6、與后接名詞或代詞保持一致：
1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of等詞引起主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。
例如：Most of his money is spent on books.
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2）在一些短語(yǔ)，如many a或more than one所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數形式。
但由more than…of作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。
例如：Many a person has read the novel. 許多人都讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。
More than 60percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來(lái)自這個(gè)城市
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