誤區一 誤認主語(yǔ)
1. 倒裝句
?、貰etween the two buildings are a big tree. (×）
?、贐etween the two buildings is a big tree. (√)
[解析] 第①句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用are，錯誤地認為the two buildings是該句的主語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上是介詞between的賓語(yǔ)，一起構成介詞短語(yǔ)，而介詞短語(yǔ)不能充當主語(yǔ)。該句是一個(gè)倒裝句，真正主語(yǔ)是a big tree.因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 倒裝句的常見(jiàn)結構：副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)
2. 主語(yǔ)之后帶有介詞短語(yǔ)
?、賂he fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. (×）
?、赥he fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. (√)
[解析] 第①句誤認為apples, oranges是主語(yǔ)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用are，而實(shí)際上the fruit才是該句的主語(yǔ)，like apples，oranges是介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the fruit.該句譯為“像蘋(píng)果、桔子之類(lèi)的水果對我們的身體是有好處的”。因此第②句是正確的。
特別提醒 類(lèi)似的結構有：主語(yǔ)+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應與主語(yǔ)一致，而與介詞短語(yǔ)之后的名詞無(wú)關(guān)。
3. one of . . . + 名詞復數或復數代詞
?、賂here are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×）
?、赥here are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)
[解析] one of the boys的中心詞是one，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數，造成第①句錯誤的原因主要是把the boys當成了該句的主語(yǔ)。
4. 定語(yǔ)從句
?、買(mǎi) like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×）
?、贗 like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)
[解析] which were taken in Beijing是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，用于修飾先行詞the photos，而which本身就代替先行詞the photos.因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復數，造成第①句錯誤的原因是沒(méi)有弄清楚關(guān)系詞which的實(shí)質(zhì)，只是從形式上看它是單數。
特別提醒 定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應該與先行詞保持一致。
誤區二 被主語(yǔ)的表象迷惑
誤區二 被主語(yǔ)的表象迷惑
1. 看似復數卻表單數概念
?、費aths are my favourite subject. (×）
?、贛aths is my favourite subject. (√)
[解析] maths本身是一個(gè)以“s”結尾的單詞，而不是一個(gè)復數名詞，表示單數概念“數學(xué)”這一學(xué)科，因此第②句正確。
類(lèi)似的有：physics，news，politics . . .
2. 看似單數卻表復數概念
?、賂he police is searching for the robbers. (×）
?、赥he police are searching for the robbers. (√)
[解析] the police譯為“警方”，表示復數概念，而不是表示“那個(gè)警察”，因此第②句正確，類(lèi)似的詞有：people，the +形容詞，the +姓+family等均表復數概念。
3. 名詞的單復數同形
?、賂here are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ (×）
?、赥here is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ (√)
[解析] sheep是一個(gè)單復數形式相同的名詞，由于sheep之前用的a little修飾，加上Can you see it中的it指代單數，因此a little sheep譯為“一只小綿羊”，因此第②句正確。如果將原題改為：There ________ (be) a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them？那又會(huì )怎么樣呢。
特別提醒 類(lèi)似的單復數形式相同的詞還有fish, Chinese, Japanese等，要根據句子的含義和結構暗示來(lái)判斷其單復數。
4. 集合名詞
?、賂heir family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. (×）
?、赥heir family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. (√)
[解析] family是一個(gè)集合名詞，表示整體概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數，表示個(gè)體概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復數。該句譯為“他們全家很幸福，現在全家人正在看電視”。因此第一個(gè)family表示整體概念，譯為“家庭”，第二個(gè)family表示個(gè)體概念，譯為“家人”，第②句正確。
特別提醒 類(lèi)似的還有g(shù)roup，class，team等既可表單數也可表復數。
誤區三 誤用語(yǔ)言規則
誤區三 誤用語(yǔ)言規則
1. 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、重量、數量等名詞作主語(yǔ)
?、賂en years are quite a long time. (×）
?、赥en years is quite a long time. (√)
[解析] 表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢(qián)、重量、數量等名詞的復數作主語(yǔ)時(shí)看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數，容易錯誤理解為復數而出現第①句的錯誤。
2. 由and連接的并列主語(yǔ)
?、賂he twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×）
?、赥he twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. (√)
[解析] the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念，譯為“第20課即最后一課”，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應該用單數。同學(xué)們容易錯誤理解“第20課和最后一課”，如果表示兩課，應該表達為“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。
特別提醒 由and連接的并列主語(yǔ)表示同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數，表示不同的概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復數。
3. 就近原則
?、貼either you nor he have been to Beijing. (×）
?、贜either you nor he has been to Beijing. (√)
[解析] neither . . . nor連接的并列主語(yǔ)(you ， he)雖然表示兩個(gè)人，但根據語(yǔ)言規則，當它連接并列主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據就近原則，該由he決定，因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 類(lèi)似的還有either . . . or，not only . . . but also，not . . . but，以及there be之后的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的確定都根據“就近原則”。
4. this kind of，a piece of，this pair of等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)
?、賂his pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×）
?、赥his pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√)
[解析] trousers作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復數，但當它被this pair of修飾時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由pair的單復數確定。因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 this kind of，a piece of，a bag of，a box of等，這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復數由這些短語(yǔ)中的名詞決定，而與它們所修飾的名詞無(wú)關(guān)。
5. the rest of, half of等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)
?、貶alf of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×）
?、贖alf of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. (√)
[解析] 根據句意和句子結構可以判斷the rest of it中的it，指the work，而work是不可數名詞，因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 all of，most of，half of，the rest of，以及a lot of，some，any+名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要根據后面的名詞確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復數。
6. 一句話(huà)提示
?、俸铣刹欢ù~(如something，anybody等)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數；
?、趧?dòng)名詞、不定式、從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數；
?、踑 number of +名詞(復)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復數，the number of +名詞(復)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數；
?、躰one of . . . 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數，也可用復數。
主謂一致金題精練
金題精練
根據句意，從所給出的選項中選出最佳答案。
1. The news _____ very worth listening to.
A. be B. is C. are D. am
2. —_____ this pair of glasses yours？
—No. My glasses _____ on the desk.
A. Is， is B. Are， is C. Is， are D. Are， are
3. The old _____ taken good care of in China now.
A. was B. are C. is D. were
4. Nobody except the twins ___ to Hongkong before.
A. have been B. have gone
C. has been D. has gone
5. —What’s on the plate？
—There _____ some rice on it.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
6. Five years _____ since we met last.
A. have passed B. has past
C. has passed D. have pasted
7. Here _____ some flowers for you.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
8. There __________ a number of teachers， but the number of women teachers ________ only thirty.
A. are， are B. are， is C. is， are D. is， is
9. Not only my uncle but also my parents _______ I am right.
A. think B. thank C. thinks D. are thinking
10. Doing morning exercises _____ good for our health.
A. be B. are C. is D. am
11. Everyone likes people who _____ ready to help others.
A. is B. are C. being D. was
12. The Smith family _____ making dumplings in the kitchen.
A. is B. are C. has been D. can
13. One third of the population in our city ______ farmers in the past.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
14. The headmaster and the teacher ______ coming to us now.
A. are B. is C. will D. am
15. Tom as well as his friends _____ skating every Saturday.
A. are B. is C. go D. goes
(Keys： 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D)
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