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　　動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)言中是必不可少的一部分。它的語(yǔ)法現象也較多，但在初中范圍主要有以下幾方面問(wèn)題。① 時(shí)態(tài)：初中范圍主要有一般現在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現在完成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，將來(lái)時(shí)與過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)六種時(shí)態(tài)。② 語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。③ 助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。④ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，也就是不定式，動(dòng)名詞及現在分詞的用法。時(shí)態(tài)主要掌握以下幾種時(shí)態(tài)的應用要點(diǎn)和習慣用法。

　　1、一般現在時(shí)：主要有以下三方面，① 用來(lái)表示狀態(tài)，特征或不受時(shí)間限制的客觀(guān)存在和真理。如：Matter exists in three states物質(zhì)有三態(tài)。又如：The earth moves around the sun ?② 表示習慣性和經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：I often go to bed at 9∶３０③ 在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如：As soon as I get there I'll telephone you.

　　2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：①　主要用于表達過(guò)去時(shí)間內發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，如：I was ill last week? ② 過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或習慣性動(dòng)作，如：I used to get up at six.

　　3、一般將來(lái)時(shí)：用于表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，其構成方式① 用ｗill (shall)+動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表達將來(lái)在某一時(shí)間內要發(fā)生，或經(jīng)常、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，如：School will begin on Sepember 1st? ② 用be going to+動(dòng)詞原形，用來(lái)表示不久將要發(fā)生或打算去作的動(dòng)作。如：?I'm? going to swim this afternoon? ③ be+現在分詞，也就是用某些動(dòng)詞的現在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)，如：?I'm? coming。這些動(dòng)詞只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to等動(dòng)詞。④ 在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。

　　4、現在進(jìn)行時(shí)：用于表示現在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，如：What are you doing now?要注意的是表示狀態(tài)，情感的某些詞沒(méi)有現在進(jìn)行時(shí)，這些動(dòng)詞有：like, have (有)，love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish hope, expect…

　　5、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：用來(lái)表達從過(guò)去某時(shí)間點(diǎn)上看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如： He told me he would come to my party?

　　Hearing the noise, we stopped talking.(狀語(yǔ))

　　(二) 正誤辨析

　?。壅`］ She laid down and soon fell asleep.

　　 ［正］ She lay down and soon fell asleep.

　　 ［析］ 考試中常出現的是易混動(dòng)詞lay放，lie躺，lie說(shuō)謊。它們的過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去分詞和現在分詞變化如下：

　　 lay (放) laid， laid， laying (及物動(dòng)詞)

　　 lie (躺) lay， lain， lying (不及物動(dòng)詞)

　　 lie (說(shuō)謊) lied， lied， lying

　　 ［誤］ Please rise your hand.

　　 ［正］ Please raise your hand.

　　 ［析］ rise 是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后不能接賓語(yǔ)，如：The sun rises in the east.而raise是及物動(dòng)詞。

　　 ［誤］ I like to swim very much, but I don't like swimming this afternoon.

　　 ［正］ I like swimming very much, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.

　　 ［析］ like作為"喜歡"講時(shí)，可以接動(dòng)名詞也可以接不定式，但接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)多表達一種習慣性動(dòng)作。而接不定式則側重于表達一次性、特殊性的動(dòng)作。? 但要注意的是like 與would連用時(shí)則一定要接不定式，如：Would you like to go with me?? 再有一點(diǎn)要注意的是，like作為介詞"像"講時(shí)，只能用分詞作其賓語(yǔ)。

　　 ［誤］ Stop! Did you listen to a strange voice?

　　 ［正］ Stop! Did you hear a strange voice?

　　 ［析］ hear的側重點(diǎn)是聽(tīng)到、聽(tīng)見(jiàn)什么，而listen to 的側重點(diǎn)為聽(tīng)的傾向，如：listen! Do you hear someone calling help?這樣的詞還有look與see。它們的側重點(diǎn)也不同，look重于"看"的傾向，而see重于看見(jiàn)沒(méi)看見(jiàn)。

　　 ［誤］ Did you watch some film recently?

　　 ［正］ Did you see some film recently?

　?。壅?Look. A beautiful lamp hung from the ceiling.

　?。畚觯?hang有兩個(gè)含義，① "掛"，它的過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去分詞是hung， hung;② "絞刑"，這時(shí)它是規則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞則為hanged， hanged。

　　 ［誤］ How long can I borrow this book?

　　 ［正］ How long can I keep this book?

　　 ［析］ "借"在英文中有三個(gè)詞，① 借入，即borrow,如：May I borrow some books from the library?② 借出，如：I can lend my bike to you.③ 借多久要用keep, 因為borrow與lend都是截止性動(dòng)詞，而keep是延續性動(dòng)詞。如 How long can I keep it?

　　 ［誤］ We have won your class.

　　 ［正］ We have beaten your class.

　　 ［析］ win是及物動(dòng)詞，其后面的賓語(yǔ)應是比賽、戰爭、獎品、獎金。而beat的賓語(yǔ)，應是人、隊、班級等等，如：We won the game.

　　 ［誤］ I left my key.

　　 ［正］ I forgot my key.

　　 ［正］ I left my key at home.

　　 ［析］ leave是"丟下"，其后一定要接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，而forget其后不要接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

　　 ［誤］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please bring the rain coat with you.

　　 ［正］ Oh! It's raining outside. Please take this rain coat with you.

　?。畚觯?bring為"帶來(lái)"如：Next time bring your little sister here.而take為"帶走"，fetch為"去某處取什么回來(lái)"，如：Please fetch some coffee for us?? 要熟記的是在初中課文中與take有關(guān)的詞組，如：? take away 拿走 take back 收回 take down 取下?take off 脫下 take…out 拿出 take place 發(fā)生? take hold of 拿住 take part in 參加 take a seat 坐下?take one's place 替代 take a look 看看 take one's turn 輪流? take a message 捎信 take care of 照看 take it easy 別著(zhù)急?take one's time 慢慢來(lái) take one's temperature 測量體溫

　　 ［誤］ The policeman reached his gun.

　　 ［正］ The policeman reached for his gun.

　　 ［析］ reach作"到達"講時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，如：I reached the hotel at 8∶30?但作"伸手去拿"，則要用reach for something。作為"到達"講時(shí)還有arrive (in+大地方)(at＋較小的地方)和get to.要注意的是與get有關(guān)的詞組有：? get back 回來(lái) get in 收割 get into 進(jìn)入 get off 下車(chē)? get on 上車(chē) get out 出去 get up 起床 get to 到達? get ready for=be ready for ? get on well with 與人相處融洽? get 加比較級為變得如何，例如：? get colder and colder.

　　 ［誤］ This dictionary spent me five dollars.

　　 ［正］ This dictionary cost me five dollars.

　　 ［誤］ In summer I always sleep with the windows opened.

　　 ［正］ In summer I always sleep with the windows open.

　　 ［正］ I always sleep with the windows closed.

　　 ［析］ 要注意open是動(dòng)詞也是形容詞，而close則要用其過(guò)去分詞作形容詞。?

　?。壅`］ Please wait a minute. I'm having on my clothes.

　　 ［正］ Please wait a minute. I'm putting on my clothes.

　　 ［析］ 英語(yǔ)中的穿衣服要分狀態(tài)，是什么樣的穿著(zhù)打扮，還是穿衣服的動(dòng)作兩類(lèi)動(dòng)詞。表示穿著(zhù)狀態(tài)的詞有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，它多用一般時(shí)態(tài)，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear則多用進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示狀態(tài)，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示動(dòng)作的詞中put on是常用的一詞。dress用作動(dòng)詞當"穿衣"講時(shí)其后賓語(yǔ)不應接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn't dress themselves.在表示穿著(zhù)狀態(tài)時(shí)用其過(guò)去分詞當形容詞，如：He is dressed in white.

　　 ［誤］ My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help me?

　　 ［正］ My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help me?

　　 ［析］ begin與start均可指"開(kāi)始"，而且常?？梢曰Q，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在兩種情況下不宜用begin 而要用start, ① 當作機器開(kāi)動(dòng)、發(fā)動(dòng)講，如：My car can't start. There must be something wrong with it.② 作為"旅途開(kāi)始"講，如：We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road.

　　 ［誤］ I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key.

　　 ［正］ I'm very glad because I have found my lost key.

　　 ［析］ find是不規則動(dòng)詞，它的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是found, found，而found又是另外一詞"建立"，它是規則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞是founded founded, 如：The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.

　　 ［誤］ Please. Let's speak in English.

　　 ［正］ Please. Let's speak English.

　　 ［正］ Please. Let's talk in English.

　　 ［誤］ Can you speak it English?

　　 ［正］ Can you say it in English?

　　 ［析］ 英文中"說(shuō)"有4個(gè)常用詞say, tell, speak, talk.其中不及物動(dòng)詞有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you.We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接語(yǔ)言時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，其他情況是不及物動(dòng)詞。say 與tell是及物動(dòng)詞，其中tell常用雙賓語(yǔ)，如：Tell us a story.但用于講實(shí)話(huà)或謊話(huà)時(shí)也用單賓語(yǔ)。如： Tell the truth.

　　 ［誤］ Can you say Japanese from Chinese?

　　 ［正］ Can you tell Japanese from Chinese?

　?。壅?Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot?

　　 ［析］ excuse me用于未打擾對方前，以提醒對方注意的用語(yǔ)，而sorry則是由于自己已做的事向對方道歉。

　　 ［誤］ Would you care for to swim with us?

　　 ［正］ Would you care to swim with us?

　　 ［析］ care for 后接不定式時(shí)，要省略for,或換用名詞，如：Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作"照顧"講時(shí)與look after相同。在初中階段學(xué)習與for有關(guān)的詞組有：

　　 ask for 請求 call for 接人，請人 care for 關(guān)心?

　　go in for 從事 answer for 負責 look for 尋找

　　wait for 等待 send for 請人 pay for 付款?

　　search for 尋找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 準備?

　　thank somebody for something 為某事向某人道謝。

　　 ［誤］ Are you understanding it? Yes, I got to it.

　　 ［正］ Do you understand it? Yes, I got it.

　　 ［析］ understand這一詞沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，如同感觀(guān)動(dòng)詞love、hate… I got it 是美語(yǔ)，即I understood it。要記住get 作為"到達"講時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞，如：I'll get to the school at 8 a. m.? 初中范圍常用與to有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞詞組如下：? belong to 屬于 come to 蘇醒 point to (at) 指著(zhù)?get to 到達 refer to 談到 stick to 堅持?lead to 導致 turn to 翻到 look forward to 期望?agree to 同意

　　 ［誤］ The meat has gone badly.

　　 ［正］ The meat has gone bad.

　　 ［析］ 英語(yǔ)中g(shù)o, get, become, turn作為轉變時(shí)，其后接形容詞，這時(shí)這些動(dòng)詞應被看作系動(dòng)詞。

　　 ［誤］ The teacher said the earth moved around the sun.

　　 ［正］ The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.

　　 ［析］ 如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現在時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)。如果是過(guò)去時(shí)，則賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)應與之呼應。但地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉是不隨時(shí)間而變化的客觀(guān)事實(shí)，所以還應用一般現在時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表達。

　　 ［誤］ I'll come to see you as soon as I'll be back.

　　 ［正］ I'll come to see you as soon as I am back.

　?。畚觯?在狀語(yǔ)從句中要用一般時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)，如：I should tell him when he came back.

　　 ［誤］ I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not.

　　 ［正］ I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not.

　　 ［析］ 在賓語(yǔ)從句中則要用將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。要注意的是如果賓語(yǔ)從句中仍有狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，依然要用一般現在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow you'll come here or not.

　?。壅`］ What did you do at eight last night?

　　 ［正］ What were you doing at eight last night?

　　 ［誤］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them, because I have seen it before.

　　 ［正］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them because I had seen it before.

　　 ［析］ 現在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的相同之處是其動(dòng)作均開(kāi)始于過(guò)去的某一點(diǎn)，它的差別在于該動(dòng)作是截止到什么時(shí)候。如動(dòng)作截止到現在用現在完成時(shí)；如動(dòng)作截止到過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：I've learnt English for three years.(到現在為止)又如：Before I went to college, I had learnt English for three years. (動(dòng)作截止到上大學(xué)那時(shí)，即截止于過(guò)去)

　　 ［誤］ I'm feeling well now.

　　 ［正］ I feel well now.

　　 ［析］ 瞬間動(dòng)詞有些無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，它們是：?表示思維狀態(tài)的詞：believe, feel, forget, imagine, know, mean, need, prefer, remember, understand, want? 表示感情的動(dòng)詞：care, like, do like, love, mind, hate, fear? 表示狀態(tài)的詞：belong, own? 感觀(guān)動(dòng)詞： feel, hear, see， smell, taste

　　 ［誤］ When have you done this work?

　　 ［正］ When did you do this work?

　　 ［析］ when提問(wèn)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)不可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)的問(wèn)句中。

　　 ［誤］ This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries.

　　 ［正］ This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries.

　?。畚觯?have gone to 是到某地去了，此人現在不在這里。have been to 是到過(guò)某地，現在此人在說(shuō)話(huà)現場(chǎng)。

　　 ［誤］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks.

　　 ［正］ I have kept this book for two weeks.

　　 ［析］ 截止性動(dòng)詞有完成時(shí)態(tài)，但不可和與表達一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：When I got to the cinema the film had begun.? 但要講When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes 這樣的用法還有buy, join, die, 如：I bought this book yesterday.我昨天買(mǎi)的這本書(shū)。? I have had this book for two days. 這本書(shū)我已買(mǎi)了兩天了。

　　 I joined the club two years ago.兩年前我加入了這個(gè)俱樂(lè )部。

　　 I have been in this club for two years. 我加入這個(gè)俱樂(lè )部已兩年了。

　　 My father died five years ago. 我父親是5年前去世的。

　　 My father has been dead for five years. 我父親已去世5年了。

　　 ［誤］ Have you understood the lessons?

　　 ［正］ Do you understand the lessons?

　　 ［析］ 有些動(dòng)詞不易用完成時(shí)態(tài)，它們是understand, think, believe, know (知道)

　　 ［誤］ It was said that the Second World War had broken out in 1939.

　　 ［誤］ It was said that the Second World War was broken out in 1939.

　　 ［正］ When I was walking along the street I happened to meet an old friend.

　　 ［析］ 在一個(gè)長(cháng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的過(guò)程中，某一突然事件發(fā)生，這時(shí)長(cháng)動(dòng)作應用進(jìn)行時(shí)(現在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))，而突發(fā)性動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)(一般現在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí))，如：When my father is reading a newspaper the telephone rings.

　　 ［誤］ Please buy a book for me.

　　 ［正］ Please buy me a book.

　　 ［正］ Please buy a book to me.

　　 ［析］ 在接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞后面的兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是直接賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是間接賓語(yǔ)，如：Buy me a book中me是間接賓語(yǔ)，而a book是直接賓語(yǔ)。如果將直接賓語(yǔ)前置，其后應加to，如： Tell me a story. Tell a story to me. Give me a book. Give a book to me.

　　 ［誤］ He was seen come into the book store.

　　 ［正］ He was seen to come into the book store.

　　 ［析］ 在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，有時(shí)可以加不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)，如：I saw him come into the book store.但如果變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，則要將省略的to還原。當然這些動(dòng)詞還可以加動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如： I saw him coming into the book store, 如變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，則沒(méi)有變化。如：He was seen coming into the book store.

　　 ［誤］ How nice the book is! Is it sold well?

　　 ［正］ How nice the book is! Does it sell well?

　?。畚觯?有些動(dòng)詞可以表示一種動(dòng)作，但也可以用來(lái)表示某種性質(zhì)，表示動(dòng)作時(shí)可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，在表示性質(zhì)時(shí)則不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：

　　 This book sells well. 這本書(shū)暢銷(xiāo)。

　　 This car drives easily. 這車(chē)容易駕駛。

　　 These clothes wash easily. 這些衣服好洗。

　　 在作上述表達時(shí)，不要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。而要講：

　　 This kind of book was sold out. (這種書(shū)賣(mài)完了)

　　These clothes were washed by the washing machine. 這時(shí)要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因為它描述的是具體動(dòng)作。

　　 ［誤］ Must I do it now??

　　No. you mustn't.

　　 ［正］ Must I do it now?? No, you needn't.

　　 ［析］ need用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中常用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其后接不帶to的不定式。由must提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句作答語(yǔ)時(shí)，如是肯定的要用must,否定的要用needn't，即為沒(méi)有必要。在肯定句中常用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，如：I need to wait for my boy.

　　 ［誤］ Is this book yours?

　　 Yes, It's.

　　 ［正］ Is this book yours??

　　 ［誤］ I'll have my bike repair tomorrow.

　　 ［正］ I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow.

　　 ［析］ have+人+動(dòng)詞原形或現在分詞意為：讓某人作某事，如：My father had me to learn how to drive， 或My father had me doing my homework from morning till might?? have+物+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞為某件事被別人完成。如：I have my hair cut.我去理發(fā)。而不是自己理發(fā)。如果講我想自己作某事，則用I want to repair my bike myself.

　?。壅`］ I'll get my brother repair the bike for you.

　　 ［正］ I'll get my brother to repair the bike for you.

　　 ［析］ have與get的用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。相同之處，如：have something done, 也可用get something done, 或have (get) somebody doing something但不同之處在于have somebody do something 在用get時(shí)則要用get somebody to do something。

　　 ［誤］ I have to study on Saturday but I haven't to study a full day?

　　 ［正］ I have to study on Saturday， but I don't have to study a full day.

　　 ［析］ have to 不得不，而don't have to 為其否定式。

　　 ［誤］ Is Tom in the classroom? No. He mustn't be in the classroom, because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.

　?。壅?Is Tom in the classroom? No. He can't be in the classroom because I saw him talking with our teacher in the office just now.

　　 ［析］ must 加動(dòng)詞原形表達一種比較肯定的推測，而表示否定的推測則要用can't。

　　 ［誤］ My grandpa is over eighty but he is able to read without glasses.

　　 ［正］ My grandpa is over eighty， but he can read without glasses.

　　 ［析］ can (could) 多用于表達客觀(guān)的事實(shí)，主觀(guān)能力，而be able to 則多用于表達主觀(guān)的意愿。

　?。壅`］ She doesn't answer the doorbell.? She should be asleep.

　　 ［正］ She doesn't answer the doorbell. ? She must be asleep?

　　 ［析］ should 用于現在時(shí)態(tài)的句子中應譯為"應該"，如：You should do your homework right away. 而 must加動(dòng)詞原形表示一種推測。

　　 ［誤］ Do you like to go with us?

　　 ［正］ Would you like to go with us?

　?。畚觯?Do you like…問(wèn)的是習慣，如：Do you like swimming? 而would you like是一次性的邀請。

　　 ［誤］ I am used to get up early in the morning.

　　 ［正］ I am used to getting up early in the morning.

　　 ［析］ used to 共有三種用法，① 表示過(guò)去的習慣，如：I used to live with my parents. ?② 表示?過(guò)去的習慣延續到現在，如：I am used to swimming in the river. ③ 用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：　?Oil is? used to cook?

　　 ［析］ 不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應視為單數主語(yǔ)，特別是兩個(gè)不定式用and作連詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如指的是一件事也應用單數謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：To get up early and to go to sleep early is good for your health.

　　 ［誤］ He asked me do my homework alone.

　　 ［正］ He asked me to do my homework alone.

　　 ［析］ 某些動(dòng)詞要求不定式作其賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)，它們是：ask somebody to do something 要求某人做某事。 tell somebody to do something 告訴某人做某事 還有prepare 準備， decide 決定， happen to 碰巧， seem 似乎。

　　 ［誤］ he told me to drive a car.

　　 ［正］ He told me how to drive a car.

　?。畚觯?要學(xué)會(huì )疑問(wèn)詞加不定式的用法，特別要注意的是what是疑問(wèn)代詞，而how是疑問(wèn)副詞。如：I want to know what to do. (我想知道干什么)。 I want to know how to do it. (我想知道如何去作)。 要注意的是how to do it 中的it是不可少的，因how是疑問(wèn)副詞，不能作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，而what是疑問(wèn)代詞，可做do的賓語(yǔ)，所以what to do 后不要加it。

　　 ［誤］ I am very glad meeting you.

　　 ［正］ I am very glad to meet you.

　　 ［析］ 許多形容詞后加不定式，這樣用時(shí)形容詞多是用來(lái)描述人物的感情、態(tài)度，如：glad, happy, pleased, lucky, sorry, sad, upset, ready, careful, surprised。

　　 ［誤］ I'm too glad for seeing you.

　　 ［正］ I'm too glad to see you.

　?。畚觯?這句話(huà)不能按照too…to的句型翻譯為：我太高興了以至于不想見(jiàn)你。而應譯為：見(jiàn)到你太高興了。又如：She is too honest to tell the truth? 應譯為：她很誠實(shí)，不會(huì )不講實(shí)話(huà)。

　　 ［誤］ Tom is too young not to join the army.

　　 ［正］ Tom is too young to join the army.

　　 ［析］ 這是too…to的正常用法，太如何如何以至于不能如何。

　　 ［誤］ I went to the hospital for seeing my old friend. He was ill in hospital.

　　 ［正］ I went to the hospital to see my old friend. He was ill in hospital.

　　 ［析］ 在句中表示某動(dòng)作的目的時(shí)，要用不定式而不能用for加動(dòng)名詞。

　　 ［誤］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit.

　　 ［正］ Could you help me to find a chair to sit on.

　?。畚觯?當不定式作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，將不定式放于名詞之后。如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，則其后面的介詞不要省略。如：I sat on the chair. 這樣的用法還有：I want to find a room to live in. I want to find a pen to write with.

　　 ［誤］ When mother was about leaving the baby cried suddenly.

　　 ［正］ When mother was about to leave the baby cried suddenly.