名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系、所屬關(guān)系、動(dòng)作執行者及動(dòng)作承受者等意義時(shí)常需用名詞的所有格形式。它主要包括’s所有格、of所有格和雙重所有格三種表現形式,我們要正確運用,還得對比學(xué)習。
1.Where is ___________ sweater ? I can’t see it.
A. Lucy B. Lucys C. Lucy’s
2.In ______ time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A.few years B.a few years’C.a few year D.a few year’s
3.Is this your room? No, it’s _________room.
A. the children B. the children’s C. of the children D. the childrens
評析: (1)一般在表示有生命的人或動(dòng)物的單數名詞末尾加’s。如:
(2)以一es或一s結尾的復數名詞末尾只加’,復數名詞沒(méi)一es或一s末尾加’s。
4.I’ll give you ________to finish the work. OK.
A. two week’s time B. two weeks’ time
C. two week time D. two weeks time
5.The market isn’t far from here. It’s only ___________ bicycle ride.
A. half an hours’ B. half an hour’s C. half an hour D. an hour and a half
6.It is said that SARS has killed more than _______________ people worldwide.
A. three hundreds B. three hundreds’ C. three hundred’s D. three hundred
1.Kate won the _______ race in the summer sports meeting.
A. 100-metre B. 100-metres C. 100 metre D. 100 metre’s
評析:有些表示時(shí)間、距離、度量衡、自然現象、國家、城鎮等無(wú)生命東西的名詞,也可以加’S構成所有格。如:today’s news今天的新聞,five minutes’walk五分鐘的路程
7.Who is the man in the blue car? He is __________ father.
A. Kate’s and Mary’s B. Kate and Mary’s C. Kate and Mary D. of Kate and Mary
8.__________ mothers made them have piano lessons.
A. Peter and Anne B. Peter’s and Anne’s C. Peter’s and Anne D. Peter and Anne’s
評析:表示兩者共同擁有的人或物時(shí),只需要在后一個(gè)名詞后加’s(或’)即可。如果表示兩者各自的所屬關(guān)系(各自所有),則每個(gè)詞詞尾都加上’s。(或’)。如:
Joan and Jane’s room瓊和簡(jiǎn)的房間(房間屬二人共同所有)
Joan’s and Jane’s rooms 瓊的房間和簡(jiǎn)的房間(指瓊和簡(jiǎn)各自的房間)
9.Where’s your father ? At _________.
A. Mr Green’s B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Green’s
10.Whose bike is it ? It’s ____________.
A. John B. John’s C. Johns’ D. Johns
評析:’S所有格所修飾的詞的省略現象
(1)表示診所、店鋪或某人的家等地點(diǎn)名詞,所有格后的名詞常常省略。如:
the doctor’s診所,Mr.Black’s布萊克先生家
(2)名詞所有格所修飾的詞,如果前面已經(jīng)提到過(guò),往往可以省略,以免重復。如:
Whose pen is this? It’s Tom’s.這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆?是湯姆的。
(11)She is Mary’s brother’s friend.
(12)She is a friend of Mary’s brother.
(13)She is a friend of Mary’s brother’s.
評析:1. (11)句用的是’s所有格,側重說(shuō)明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友關(guān)系,突出friend一詞。
(12)句用的是of所有格,側重說(shuō)明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友關(guān)系,強調了Mary’S brother。
(13)句用的是雙重所有格,側重說(shuō)明Mary哥哥的朋友不止她一個(gè),她只是其中的一個(gè)
2.of所有格的用法
(1)of所有格一般用于無(wú)生命的東西的名詞中。如:
a map of the world世界地圖,the windows of the room房間的窗戶(hù)
(2)修飾詞較多時(shí)也可用of所有格。如:
the long and beautiful(美麗的)tail of the black cat黑貓的又長(cháng)又美的尾巴
(3)表示有生命的東西的名詞,有時(shí)也可以用of所有格。如:
the children of the family那家的孩子們
某些of所有格和’s所有格可以互換。如:
the son of a worker=a worker’s son一個(gè)工人的兒子
但有時(shí)含義卻不相同,請比較下面的例子:
an old woman’s story(一個(gè)老婦人講自己的身世)
the story of an old woman(別人講一個(gè)老婦人的身世)
3.雙重所有格及其用法
’s所有格和of所有格兩種所有格形式結合在一起,構成“of+所有格”形式,即雙重所有格。它通常表示部分概念,即全體中的一部分,它主要修飾of短語(yǔ)之前的那個(gè)名詞。通常of前面的名詞前具有冠詞、數詞、不定代詞或指示代詞。它的主要形式如下:
(1)名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。如:
two good friends of mine我的好朋友中的兩個(gè)
an story of his他的一個(gè)故事
(2)名詞+of+’s所有格。(有人把這也算所有格:the key to the door門(mén)的鑰匙, the keys/answers to the exercises練習的答案)如:
He is a friend of my sister’s.他是我姐姐的一個(gè)朋友。
試比較:
a picture of Xiao Zhang小張(本人)的照片
a picture of Xiao Zhang’s小張(所有的照片中)的一張照片
拓展提高練習:
一、根據句意,從括號中選擇恰當的詞填空。
1._Whose book is that?
_It’s________(Kate’s / Kate)
2. I’m staying at my_______(uncle / uncle’s)
3. We will have a ten______(minutes’ / mintue’s) rest.
4. He is a friend of my ______(father / father’s)
5. It’s students’ book, not_____(teacher’s /teachers’)
6. Today is the second Sunday in May .It’s____(mother’s / mothers’)Day.
7. That’s ____photo .It is very beautiful.(Lily and Lucy’s / Lily’s and Lucy’s)
8. These are _____bikes. (Jim and Sam’s / Jim’s and Sam’s)
9.The twin brothers always put small presents in ___________stockings on Christmas Day.(each other’s/ each others’)
10.I have been to Bei Daihe with a friend __________. ( of Canada’s / from Canada)
二、用所給詞的適當形式填空:
1.March 8th is __________Day. (woman).
2.Doing twenty __________(分鐘) exercise every day is good for your health.
3.The shop sells ____________(婦女) handbags.
4.Teachers in western countries have a __________(三個(gè)月的) holiday in a year.
5.I’ll give my English teacher a card for ____________Day. (teacher)
6.It’s only ten __________walk from the station to the hotel. (minute)
7.It’s an __________(hour) ride from here to the museum.
8.When is_________(mother) Day?
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