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主頁(yè)http://awstats.sourceforge.net注:此文基本按照官方文檔的操作一步步進(jìn)行,在安裝過(guò)程中參考了相關(guān)的文檔作了必要的改動(dòng).環(huán)境 :redhat 9Apache/2.0.54 源碼安裝,路徑為/usr/local/apache2主機IP 192.168.0.111域名 s1.domain1.com所用的版本awstats-6.5.tar.gz實(shí)現功能:通過(guò)awstats統計s1.domain1.com的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)信息,并提供web頁(yè)面查看AWStats的功能很多,具體的可點(diǎn)擊上面的官網(wǎng),我在此主要用它來(lái)分析apache服務(wù)器的日志.使用之前還是說(shuō)說(shuō)大致的原理:awstats提供一系列的perl腳本實(shí)現:服務(wù)配置,日志讀取,報表生成等功能.而功能實(shí)現的具體執行過(guò)程是:首先當然是apache將訪(fǎng)問(wèn)情況記錄到日志中,AWStats每次執行更新時(shí)讀取這些日志,分析日志數據,將結果存儲到數據庫中,(這個(gè)數據庫是awstats自帶的,并不需要第三方軟件支持.),最后AWStats提供一個(gè)cgi程序通過(guò)web頁(yè)面來(lái)顯示數據庫中所統計的數據.首先看當前apache的配置,vi httpd.conf<VirtualHost *:80>ServerAdminyahoon@xxx.comDocumentRoot /var/www/html/s1ServerName  s1.domain1.comErrorLog logs/s1_web-error_logTransferLog logs/s1_web-access_log</VirtualHost>訪(fǎng)問(wèn)s1.domain1.com的日志記錄到/usr/local/apache2/logs/s1_web-access_log安裝過(guò)程如下將軟件包解壓縮為/usr/local/awstats第一步是為網(wǎng)站生成配置文件,其實(shí)有很多方式,按照官方文檔的說(shuō)明推薦使用腳本,而且這樣也是比較簡(jiǎn)單的一種方式.轉到 /usr/local/awstats/tools,此目錄下有很多不同功能的perl腳本.執行[root@server1 tools]# perl awstats_configure.pl會(huì )進(jìn)入一個(gè)交互式的配置程序,過(guò)程中會(huì )有些問(wèn)題要你回答,當然這些都是可以在以后的配置文件中修改的.我將所有的內容和注解列出如下----- AWStats awstats_configure 1.0 (build 1.6) (c) Laurent Destailleur -----This tool will help you to configure AWStats to analyze statistics forone web server. You can try to use it to let it do all that is possiblein AWStats setup, however following the step by step manual setupdocumentation (docs/index.html) is often a better idea. Above all if:- You are not an administrator user,- You want to analyze downloaded log files without web server,- You want to analyze mail or ftp log files instead of web log files,- You need to analyze load balanced servers log files,- You want to ‘understand’ all possible ways to use AWStats…Read the AWStats documentation (docs/index.html).---à Running OS detected: Linux, BSD or Unix檢測到了我當前的操作系統-----> Check for web server installFound Web server Apache config file ‘/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf‘檢測到了我當前apache的配置文件-----> Check and complete web server config file ‘/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf‘Warning: You Apache config file contains directives to write ‘common‘ log filesThis means that some features can‘t work (os, browsers and keywords detection).Do you want me to setup Apache to write ‘combined‘ log files [y/N] ?yAWStats推薦使用combined格式的日志,apache默認使用common格式.所以這個(gè)地方提示要不要修改apache的配置文件,將日志格式改為combined,當然回答yes.Add ‘Alias /awstatsclasses "/usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/classes/"‘Add ‘Alias /awstatscss "/usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/css/"‘Add ‘Alias /awstatsicons "/usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/icon/"‘Add ‘ScriptAlias /awstats/ "/usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin/"‘Add ‘<Directory>‘ directiveAWStats directives added to Apache config file.向apache的配置文件里面增加了上述內容,里面是一些目錄和別名的設置.這部分一般加到了文件的最后面.-----> Update model config file ‘/usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin/awstats.model.conf‘File awstats.model.conf updated.更新了模板文件-----> Need to create a new config file ?Do you want me to build a new AWStats config/profilefile (required if first install) [y/N] ? y是否需要創(chuàng )建一個(gè)新配置文件,選y-----> Define config file name to createWhat is the name of your web site or profile analysis ?Example:www.mysite.comExample: demoYour web site, virtual server or profile name:Ø         s1.domain1.com這個(gè)地方填網(wǎng)站的域名-----> Define config file pathIn which directory do you plan to store your config file(s) ?Default: /etc/awstatsDirectory path to store config file(s) (Enter for default):> 回車(chē)生成的配置文件存放的路徑,默認是/etc/awstats,我不修改,直接回車(chē).-----> Create config file ‘/etc/awstats/awstats.s1.domain1.com.conf‘Config file /etc/awstats/awstats.s1.domain1.com.conf created.可以看到文件已經(jīng)創(chuàng )建了,路徑為/etc/awstats/awstats.s1.domain1.com.conf‘-----> Restart Web server with ‘/sbin/service httpd restart‘Stopping httpd: [  OK  ]Starting httpd: httpd: Could not determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.0.1 for ServerName[  OK  ]由于修改了httpd.conf,所以它會(huì )自動(dòng)重啟apache來(lái)使配置文件生效,但是這里有個(gè)問(wèn)題,因為我的apache并沒(méi)有采用系統自帶的,而是源碼安裝的,也并沒(méi)有加入service,所以此處啟動(dòng)的雖然成功了,但并不是我需要的.很簡(jiǎn)單,等會(huì )把它關(guān)閉,然后開(kāi)啟我自己的.-----> Add update process inside a schedulerSorry, configure.pl does not support automatic add to cron yet.You can do it manually by adding the following command to your cron:/usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin/awstats.pl -update -config=s1.domain1.comOr if you have several config files and prefer having only one command:/usr/local/awstats/tools/awstats_updateall.pl nowPress ENTER to continue...由于要得到新信息,就必須更新數據庫,也就是說(shuō)重新做讀取日志.分析日志提取里面新增的部分進(jìn)行分析,將更新的數據存入數據庫的過(guò)程.最好就讓它定時(shí)執行.這段話(huà)是提醒你,要實(shí)現這個(gè)功能就需要手動(dòng)把上面粗體的兩行中的任一行寫(xiě)入crontab,讓它定時(shí)執行.其中第一句是更新s1.domain1.com,而第二句是在有多個(gè)站點(diǎn)情況下,將所有的站點(diǎn)都作更新.我在此不做這個(gè)操作.回車(chē).A SIMPLE config file has been created: /etc/awstats/awstats.s1.domain1.com.confYou should have a look inside to check and change manually main parameters.You can then manually update your statistics for ‘s1.domain1.com‘ with command:> perl awstats.pl -update -config=s1.domain1.comYou can also read your statistics for ‘s1.domain1.com‘ with URL:Ø      http://localhost/awstats/awstats.pl?config=s1.domain1.comPress ENTER to finish...按回車(chē)來(lái)結束安裝.這段話(huà)就寫(xiě)的很清楚,接下來(lái)的工作就是檢查配置文件執行perl awstats.pl -update -config=s1.domain1.com來(lái)更新數據庫通過(guò)http://localhost/awstats/awstats.pl?config=s1.domain1.com來(lái)查看統計的信息這段腳本執行完,我們的httpd.conf也更新了,下面是它主要改動(dòng)的部分將CustomLog logs/access_log common改為CustomLog logs/access_log combined在文件的最后面增加了# Directives to allow use of AWStats as a CGIAlias /awstatsclasses "/usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/classes/"Alias /awstatscss "/usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/css/"Alias /awstatsicons "/usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/icon/"ScriptAlias /awstats/ "/usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-bin/"# This is to permit URL access to scripts/files in AWStats directory.<Directory "/usr/local/awstats/wwwroot">Options NoneAllowOverride NoneOrder allow,denyAllow from all</Directory>在修改之前,還是先停掉腳本啟動(dòng)的apache,將正確的apache啟動(dòng)[root@server1 tools]# service httpd stop[root@server1 tools]# /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start訪(fǎng)問(wèn)網(wǎng)站s1.domain1.com正常顯示,這次訪(fǎng)問(wèn)就應該被記錄到了日志里面.訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://192.168.0.111t/awstats/awstats.pl?config=s1.domain1.com,提示ForbiddenYou don‘t have permission to access /awstats/awstats.pl on this server很明白是權限問(wèn)題,到/usr/local下執行chmod -R 777 awstats (應該755就行了,因為我只是測試而已)檢查配置文件的關(guān)鍵項目vi /etc/awstats/awstats.s1.domain1.com.conf檢查并做如下修改# LogFile="/var/log/httpd/mylog.log"LogFile="/usr/local/apache2/logs/s1_web-access_log"指到apche的日志LogType=W表示分析的是web日志LogFormat=1表示日志格式為combinedSiteDomain="s1.domain1.com"域名HostAliases="s1.domain1.comwww.s1.domain1.com 127.0.0.1 localhost"這個(gè)變量的意思是這個(gè)域的別名.即多個(gè)域名對應同一網(wǎng)站的情況,這句是自動(dòng)生成的.我這里沒(méi)有用到所以就沒(méi)有改.更新數據庫cd /usr/local/awstats/wwwroot/cgi-binperl awstats.pl -config=s1.domain1.com -update得到如下錯誤Error: AWStats database directory defined in config file by ‘DirData‘ parameter (/var/lib/awstats) does not exist or is not writable.Setup (‘/etc/awstats/awstats.s1.domain1.com.conf‘ file, web server or permissions) may be wrong.Check config file, permissions and AWStats documentation (in ‘docs‘ directory).同時(shí)訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://192.168.0.111t/awstats/awstats.pl?config=s1.domain1.com提示Error: AWStats database directory defined in config file by ‘DirData‘ parameter (/var/lib/awstats) does not exist or is not writable.Setup (‘/etc/awstats/awstats.s1.domain1.com.conf‘ file, web server or permissions) may be wrong.Check config file, permissions and AWStats documentation (in ‘docs‘ directory).很明顯是/var/lib/awstats這個(gè)目錄不存在這里需要說(shuō)明,這個(gè)路徑是由配置文件/etc/awstats/awstats.s1.domain1.com.conf里面的DirData參數決定的,表示存放數據庫的地方.我沒(méi)有修改所以依然是默認值DirData="/var/lib/awstats"既然提示不存在,現在就來(lái)新建它cd /var/libmkdir awstats進(jìn)行數據庫更新[root@server1 cgi-bin]# perl awstats.pl -config=s1.domain1.com -update信息如下Update for config "/etc/awstats/awstats.s1.domain1.com.conf"With data in log file "/usr/local/apache2/logs/s1_web-access_log"...Phase 1 : First bypass old records, searching new record...Searching new records from beginning of log file...Jumped lines in file: 0Parsed lines in file: 1處理的總行數(apache的日志是一行代表一個(gè)記錄)Found 0 dropped records,Found 1 corrupted records, 發(fā)現了一個(gè)損壞的記錄Found 0 old records,Found 0 new qualified records.查看日志的內容[root@server1 cgi-bin]# less /usr/local/apache2/logs/s1_web-access_log192.168.0.28 - - [30/Aug/2007:10:19:59 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 23訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://192.168.0.111/awstats/awstats.pl?config=s1.domain1.com查看統計信息很是奇怪,為什么會(huì )這樣呢?打開(kāi)httpd.conf發(fā)現虛擬主機的部分并沒(méi)有改動(dòng),所以記錄下來(lái)的日志類(lèi)型并沒(méi)有改變,需要單獨設置使用的日志類(lèi)型.<VirtualHost *:80>ServerAdminyahoon@xxx.comDocumentRoot /var/www/html/s1ServerName s1.domain1.comLogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined1CustomLog logs/s1_web-access_log combined1ErrorLog logs/s1_web-error_log</VirtualHost>可以看到我這里將這種日志格式命名為combine1,只是名稱(chēng)而已,可以隨便起.修改后重啟apache將日志清空,然后訪(fǎng)問(wèn)s1.domain1.com,產(chǎn)生日志如下[root@server1 cgi-bin]# less /usr/local/apache2/logs/s1_web-access_log192.168.0.28 - - [30/Aug/2007:13:04:05 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 - "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1; TencentTraveler )"192.168.0.28 - - [30/Aug/2007:13:05:30 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 - "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1; TencentTraveler )"192.168.0.28 - - [30/Aug/2007:13:05:30 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 - "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1; TencentTraveler )"192.168.0.28 - - [30/Aug/2007:13:05:30 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 - "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1; TencentTraveler )"192.168.0.28 - - [30/Aug/2007:13:05:31 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 - "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1; TencentTraveler )"192.168.0.28 - - [30/Aug/2007:13:05:31 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 - "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1; TencentTraveler )"……再次更新數據庫[root@server1 cgi-bin]# perl awstats.pl -config=s1.domain1.com -updateUpdate for config "/etc/awstats/awstats.s1.domain1.com.conf"With data in log file "/usr/local/apache2/logs/s1_web-access_log"...Phase 1 : First bypass old records, searching new record...Direct access to last remembered record has fallen on another record.So searching new records from beginning of log file...Phase 2 : Now process new records (Flush history on disk after 20000 hosts)...Jumped lines in file: 0Parsed lines in file: 6Found 0 dropped records,Found 0 corrupted records,Found 0 old records,Found 6 new qualified records.訪(fǎng)問(wèn)http://192.168.0.111/awstats/awstats.pl?config=s1.domain1.com最后需要說(shuō)明的是,在文中已經(jīng)多次提到過(guò),要能反應最新信息就必須更新數據庫.也就是說(shuō)你可能已經(jīng)對它進(jìn)行了多次訪(fǎng)問(wèn),但是查看統計頁(yè)面發(fā)現沒(méi)變化.這是因為這些日志還沒(méi)有更新到數據庫.簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是定時(shí)執行.當然現在寫(xiě)的也只是這個(gè)軟件的基本安裝和使用,它的使用遠不止于這些.尤其其中涉及到了apache日志的相關(guān)知識,例如rotate日志循環(huán),負載均衡的日志合并等等.我也剛接觸,希望大家多提寶貴意見(jiàn).下面是相關(guān)的網(wǎng)頁(yè)http://www.chinaunix.net/jh/13/641101.htmlhttp://www.chedong.com/tech/awstats.htmlhttp://www.chedong.com/tech/rotate_merge_log.html