21、have been，have gone
have / has been (to) 表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)”某地
have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已經(jīng)去了”某地
試比較：
?、?He has been to Beijing. 他曾去過(guò)北京。(人已回來(lái)，可能在這兒)、
?、?He has gone to Beijing. 他已經(jīng)去了北京。(人已走，不在這兒)
22、other another others the other
1) other(兩個(gè)中的)另一個(gè)，另一些，其他的。在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。相當于名詞時(shí)，有復數形式others.還有所有格形式other''s和 others''.other之前常用定冠詞the.
I have two cats;one is black and the other is white.
我有兩只貓，一黑，一白。
This seat is free, the other seat is taken.
These books are hers, and the other ones are mine.
She always thinks of other people and never thinks of herself.
I have two pencils; one is red; and the other is blue.
There are only two books left. But I don’t like this one. Will you please show me the other?
Some are listening to the radio, others are watching TV.
There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls. The other students are boys.
Some of the pencils are red. The others are green.
(2)another
意思是與某一個(gè)不同的另一個(gè)，又一個(gè)。是由不定冠詞an和other合并構成，因此，它只能代替或修飾可數的單數名詞，前面不再用冠詞。例如：
This book is too difficult for me. Will you please give me another one?
I don’t like this one. Show me another.
He got three books; One is dictionary, another is a play, the third is a grammar.
(3) others
和some對比使用時(shí), 是“有些”的意思而不是做“其他” 講, 如:Some cleaned the windows, others mopped the floor. 有的擦窗戶(hù), 有的擦地板。
Some of us like singing and dancing,others go in for sports.
我們中有些喜歡唱歌跳舞，而另一些人則喜愛(ài)運動(dòng)。
(4) the others
是“其余的”意思, 表示在一個(gè)范圍內的其他全部, 如: This dictionary is better than the others. 這本字典比別[其余]的好。
He came in time, but the others were late.
他按時(shí)來(lái)了，可是其他的人遲到了。
23、So do I .與So I do
對別人的話(huà)作出反應，可以用So do I .也可以用So I do . so作為一個(gè)替代詞可代表上文的一個(gè)分句或分句的一部分，以表示同意對方的說(shuō)法，這樣用時(shí)so一般位于句首，但兩個(gè)句子的意思卻完全不同。So do I .表示"我也是這樣"，用以表示同意;而句型"so+代詞+助動(dòng)詞"表示"…… 確實(shí)如此"(帶有驚異的意味)。試比較：
"I like fish .""So do I ." " 我喜歡吃魚(yú)。""我也喜歡吃魚(yú)。"
"You like fish .""So I do ." "你喜歡吃魚(yú)。""正是如此。"
"It''s her turn .""So it is ." " 該輪到她了。""確是這樣。"
"He is very strict with himself .""So he is ." "他對自己非常嚴格。""是如此。"
"You have to start early .""So I do ." "你得早點(diǎn)出發(fā)。""確是這樣。"
"She''s made a mistake about me .""So she has ." "她誤會(huì )我了。""她的確誤會(huì )你了。"
"Li Ping speaks English very well .""So he does ." "李平英語(yǔ)講得很好。""他確實(shí)講得不錯。"
so的這種用法只用于肯定句中。否定句中用neither或nor，結構相似，意為"也不"。
例如： "I won''t have any more .""Nor will I ." (或"Neither will I .")
" 我不再要了""我也不要了。"
neither和nor都可以用在句子和簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)的開(kāi)頭，表示also not(也不是)。兩個(gè)詞后面跟倒裝語(yǔ)序(與疑問(wèn)句相同)。在這樣的結構中，neither的意思與nor并無(wú)真正的不同，在正式文體中nor用得較少。請看例句：
"I can''t swim .""Neither can I ." " 我不會(huì )游泳。""我也不會(huì )。"
不能說(shuō)I also can''t .或I can''t too .
"Jack didn''t like the play .""Nor did we ." " 杰克不喜歡這出戲。""我們也不喜歡。"
可以用not… either(用正常語(yǔ)序)替代neither或nor .
"I can''t swim .""He can''t either ." " 我不會(huì )游泳。""他也不會(huì )。"
I don''t like him and I don''t like her either . 我不喜歡他，也不喜歡她。
24、everyone, anybody, somebody, all
--Are_______ there now?
--Yes.
A.everyone B.anybody C.somebody D.all
1 all 都，指三者以上。
all的單復數由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復數決定。
All goes well. 一切進(jìn)展得很好。
All are here. 所有人都在者。
all 通常不與可數名詞單數連用，如：
不說(shuō) all the book，而說(shuō) the whole book。
但all可與表時(shí)間的可數名詞單數連用，如 all day，all night，all the year; 但習慣上不說(shuō) all hour，all century。
all還可以與一些特殊的單數名詞連用，如 all China， all the city， all my life， all the way
2 everybody,everyone表示"每個(gè)人",everything表示"每一件事,東西".
Everybody(Everyone) should try his best.
Everything in the box is dangerous.
3 somebody,someone,anybody,anyone均表示"某人",something,anything都表示"某事物".somebody,someone,something一般用于肯定句;anybody,anyone,anything一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句:
There''s someone(somebody) in the room.
There isn''t anyone(anybody) in the room.
He found something in the big hole.
He didn''t find anything in the big hole.
Is there anything in the big hole?
4 somebody,someone,something有時(shí)用在疑問(wèn)句中,含有肯定的意思.
Is there someone in the room? (希望房間里有人)
Would you like something to eat? (希望對方吃點(diǎn)東西)
5 anybody,anyone,anything用在肯定句中,表示"任何人,任何東西".
Anyone likes beautifull things.
這道題目主要根據are表示主語(yǔ)是復數，所有人都在那嗎?是的。
25、may maybe 和may be
may情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，用于肯定句，表示許可，目的以及可能性，也用于疑問(wèn)句，表示請求，詢(xún)問(wèn)，懷疑，猶豫等。在疑問(wèn)句中，常用can , could , might來(lái)代替may，其中could與might比may更有(更加)懷疑，猶豫，不確定。
肯定句中，may表示許可時(shí)，更莊重，鄭重一點(diǎn)。
而may be則是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may與系動(dòng)詞be的組合，這也是may的一個(gè)用法，may后邊接動(dòng)詞的時(shí)，要用原形，當然這也是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般性質(zhì)。
maybe是副詞，“也許，可能”，“大概”，用法很簡(jiǎn)單，常用于句子開(kāi)頭，有時(shí)后邊緊接著(zhù)加一逗號，與后面的句子分開(kāi)。表示一種可能性?可能發(fā)生某事(可能是這樣)，或可能不發(fā)生某事(可能不是某種情況)。
例句：
1. You may come in now . (許可)
2. I give her some money so that she may buy some books . (目的)
3. May I go now ? (詢(xún)問(wèn))
4. He has been ill for 3 days . He may be fine now .
5. He has been ill for 3 days . Maybe , he is fine now .
6. Maybe he will come , maybe he won’t .
7. ?Is it true ?
Maybe , I am not sure .
26、some time some times sometime sometimes
some time some times
sometime sometimes 的區別。
(1)some time表示“一段時(shí)間”。
例：She stayed here for some time .
(2)sometime 指“不確定的時(shí)間”
例：He will come back sometime next week .
Our house was built sometime around 1905.
(3)sometimes“有時(shí)”“間或”“偶爾”
例：He sometimes writes to me .
(4)times 表“次數”“倍數”“時(shí)代、時(shí)期”，很少用some來(lái)修飾。
27、 get ready to do sth. 和 be ready to do sth.
get ready to do sth. 和 be ready to do sth.的意思是"準備做某事"。前者強調行為;后者強調狀態(tài)。兩者后面可接介詞for，for后面接名詞。如：
We are ready for the English test.
We are got ready for the dictation.
28 、good與well
做好講時(shí)，good為形容詞修飾名詞，well通常是副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞，只有well當(身體好;順利)為形容詞。例如;
1. He was a good teacher.
2. She spoke well.
3. I am well again, thank you. 我的身體又好了,謝謝你。
29、work hard和hard-working
請問(wèn)老師work hard和hard-working的區別?謝謝您!
work hard是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)
He works hard.
hard-working相當于形容詞，用來(lái)修飾名詞，例如：
Chinese people is a hard-working people.
30、little, a little,few, a few
few、a few、little、a little的區別和聯(lián)系： few / a few用來(lái)修飾可數名詞，few表示否定意義，沒(méi)有，幾乎沒(méi)有;
a few表示有肯定意思， 有幾個(gè)。 例如：He has few friends here, he feels lonely.他這里沒(méi)朋友，他感覺(jué)寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket.籃子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。 little / a little用來(lái)修飾不可數名詞，little表示否定意思，沒(méi)有，幾乎沒(méi)有。 a little 表示肯定意思，有一點(diǎn)兒。
例如：
There is little ink in my bottle, can you gire me a little ink? 我的瓶子里沒(méi)有墨水了，你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎?
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