“by+doing形式”表示方式、方法
語(yǔ)法結構
by+doing形式，“通過(guò)做...的方式”
I learn Chinese by listening to tapes。
提問(wèn)方式
by+doing結構常用來(lái)回答How do you...？
或How can I...?這類(lèi)句型
-How can I turn on the light?
-By turning this button.
拓展：介詞by的其他用法：
1）by+交通工具，“乘/坐...” by bus
2）by+地點(diǎn)，“在...的旁邊；靠近...” by the lake
3）by+時(shí)間，“截止到...；不遲于...” by ten
4）辨析by、with、in，“用”
by
側重“用”某種手段、交通工具、傳遞方式或媒介等
with
側重“用”有形工具、材料、內容等
in
側重“用”語(yǔ)言、語(yǔ)調、筆墨、顏色等
Eg. We’ll be traveling by car.
He broke the window with a stone.
Please answer the question in English.
即學(xué)即練：
1.-How do you learn English words? -_____making word cards.
A. To B. By C. For D. With
2.-How do you get to school every day. Lucy? -I go to school _____.
A.ride my bike B.by my bike C.by bus D.by a bus
3. Mr.Scott made a living by____(sell) old things.
4. She learns English by listening to tapes.(對劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))
_____ ______ she learn English?
5. Most of them take the train to work.(改為同義句)
Most of them go to work ______ ______.
要點(diǎn)詳解：
Section A
1.by asking the teacher for help通過(guò)向老師求助。（P1）
1）by，“通過(guò)；靠”，后加名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞。
Eg. He had to do all the work by hand.
2）ask （sb） for sth，“向某人要某物；要求某人某事”。
Eg. My mother asked me for help yesterday.
2. Do you have conversations with friends in English?你和朋友用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)話(huà)嗎？（P2）
conversion，“交談；談話(huà)”。與動(dòng)詞have/hold連用時(shí)，須加不定冠詞，但與動(dòng)詞make連用時(shí)，不加不定冠詞。常用短語(yǔ)有：
have/hold a conversion with...“與...交談/談話(huà)”；
make conversion“閑談；搭訕” be in a conversion with...“與...在談話(huà)”
Eg. He had a conversation with his son yesterday.
3. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?朗讀練習發(fā)音呢？（P2）
1）What about...?= How about...?“...怎么樣？”
2）辨析
aloud
adv，“大聲地；出聲地”，多指使別人聽(tīng)到的意味，常與read連用。
loud
adj、adv。作adv時(shí)，“高聲地；響亮地；大聲地”，常放于speak、talk、laugh、sing之后，多用比較級。
loudly
“高聲地”，有時(shí)與loud通用。但含有“喧鬧”的意味。在用與比較級或最高級時(shí)，通常用loud而不用loudly。
Eg. Reading aloud is different from reading loudly.朗讀課文與大聲地讀課文是有區別的。
Don’t talk so loud.不要那么高聲的談話(huà)。
3）practice，動(dòng)詞，“練習”，后加名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。
練習：They practice _____(speak) English every day.
4. It’s too hard to understand spoken English. 聽(tīng)懂英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)太難了。（P2）
1）It+be+adj+for/of sb+ to do sth.
Eg. It’s dangerous for children to play with fire.
2）too...to...“太...而不能...”. Eg. He is too young to join the party.
注意：not...enough to.../ so...that...
練習：The girl is ____ tired ____ she could walk any more.
A.too; to B.not; enough C.so; that
5. I have to finish reading a book and give a report next Monday.(P2)我必須讀完一本書(shū)，以便下周一作報告。
1）finish“完成”，后加名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。
Eg. I finished doing my homework half an hour ago.
拓展：后加動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)：
enjoy/practice/finish/mind doing sth keep (on) doing sth
be busy (in) doing sth have fun doing sth feel like doing sth
look forward to doing sth can’t help doing sth
2）give a report“作報告”，make a report“寫(xiě)報告”，have a report“聽(tīng)報告”
6.Just read quickly to get the main ideas at first.(P2)一開(kāi)始只管快速閱讀獲取文章大意就可以了。
1）just，副詞，“請；只管...就好了”。 Eg. Just come here a moment.
2)at first，“起初；一開(kāi)始”。 Eg. At first we used hand tools. Later we had machines.
注意：first of all=first，表示順序，后往往用next，then等
練習：______I didn’t want to go, but I soon changed my mind.
_______, open the windows, the turn off the gas, and if necessary, call an ambulance.
7. Well, be patient.(P2)哦，耐心點(diǎn)。
patient，形容詞，“有耐心的”。（1）be patient with sb對某人有耐心；
（2）be patient of sth忍耐某事
Eg. We should be patient with our students. You should learn how tjo be patient of pains.
拓展：patient還可作名詞，“病人”。
8. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.(P2)你讀的越多，你閱讀的速度就越快。
“the+比較級...，the+比較級...”，意為“越...越...”
Eg. The more you smile, the happier you will feel.
拓展：“比較級+and+比較級”意為“越來(lái)越...”
Eg. The weather becomes colder and colder.
9. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?(P3)為什么魏芬發(fā)現學(xué)習英語(yǔ)很那？
find+it+adj+to do sth“發(fā)現做某事...”
Eg. I find it very interesting to learn English.
10. What is the secret to language learning?(P3)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習的秘訣是什么？
the secret to...“...的秘訣” eg. Her age is a secret to us all.
11. But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation.(P3)但是因為我糟糕的發(fā)音，我害怕問(wèn)問(wèn)題。
1）be afraid to do sth“害怕做某事” eg. I’m afraid to travel by plane.
拓展：be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事 be afraid of sth/sb害怕某人/某物
I’m afraid that從句，恐怕...
2）because of“因為；由于”，后加名詞性短語(yǔ)。
12. Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Story. I fell in love with this exciting and funny movie.(P3)之后有一天，我看了一部名為《玩具總動(dòng)員》的英文電影。我愛(ài)上了這部令人興奮而有趣的電影！
1）called Toy Story過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，called可換為named，修飾movie。
Eg. That man called Bob is my uncle.
2）fall/be in love with“愛(ài)上”
Eg. They fell in love with each other after working together,
13. Although I could not understand everything the characters said, their body language and the expressions on their faces helped me to get the meaning.(P3)盡管我并不能聽(tīng)懂各個(gè)角色說(shuō)的所有臺詞，但他們的肢體語(yǔ)言和面部表情幫助我理解意思。
1）although“盡管；雖然”，引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當于though，不能與but同時(shí)出現在一個(gè)句子中。
Eg. Although it rained, the boys still played outside.=It rained, but the boys still played outside.
2）help sb （to）do sth；help sb with sth；help （to） do sth
Eg. She often helps me with my English.
14. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.(P3)我發(fā)現聽(tīng)有趣的東西是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習的秘訣。
1）辨析：discover/invent
discover
指“發(fā)現”原本存在但一直不為人知的東西
練習：Recently they _____ gold in this area.
Edison ______ the electric light bulb.
Columbus ______America.
invent
“發(fā)明”出的新的，原本并不存在的東西
2）listening to something interesting是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數形式。
Eg. Watching TV too much is bad for our eyes.
15. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked them up in the dictionary.(P3)但因為我想弄明白這個(gè)故事，所以我就查詞典。
1）want“要；想要”，相當于would like，后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式。
2）look up...in a dictionary“在詞典中查詢(xún)...”
Eg. I don’t know the word. Let’s look it up in the dictionary.
16. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understanding of English movies.(P3)我想學(xué)習新單詞和更多的語(yǔ)法，以便更好地理解英文電影。
so that引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句，“以便；為了”，相當于in order that...結構。其從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常和can、may、should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及be able to連用。
Eg. My father bought me a bicycle so that I can go to school quickly.
辨析：so that與so...that
so that
引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句，“以便；為了”；還可引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句，“因此；所以”
so...that
引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句，“如此...以至于”
Eg. Please turn on the light so that we can see clearly.
I am so tired that I can’t walk any further.
Section B
1. I can’t always understand spoken English.我并非總能聽(tīng)懂英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。（P5）
not always“不總是；不一定總；未必總”，部分否定。當not與also、all、everything、everyone、everybody等詞連用時(shí)，表示部分否定。
Eg. People who have a lot of money are not always happy.
2. I don’t know how to increase my reading speed.我不知道如何提高我的閱讀速度。（P5）
1）how to increase my reading speed是“疑問(wèn)詞+to do”結構，作know的賓語(yǔ)。疑問(wèn)詞what、who、which、when、where、how、why等可以與to do一起構成“疑問(wèn)詞+to do”結果，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓補等成分。
Eg. I really don’t know what to write about.
2）increase“增加；增長(cháng)”常構成短語(yǔ)：
①increase to...“增加到...” eg. The population in this city will increase to 1,000,000.
②increase by...“增加/增長(cháng)了...” eg. The price of petrol increased by 5%.
3）speed“速度”，at a/the speed of“以...的速度”；at full speed“全速地”；with great speed“快速地”。 Eg. Please drive at a speed of sixty miles an hour.
3. I often make mistakes in grammar.我經(jīng)常在語(yǔ)法方面犯錯誤。（P5）
make mistakes in...=make a mistake...“在某方面犯錯”
Eg. He always make mistakes in spelling the new words.
拓展：mistake作動(dòng)詞，“弄錯；誤解”。常用短語(yǔ)：mistakes A for B “錯把A當作B”。
Eg. The teacher mistook me for my twin brother.老師錯把我當成了我的孿生哥哥。
4. I don’t know enough words to write well.我認識的單詞不夠多，不能把作文寫(xiě)好。（P5）
enough修飾名詞，即可位于名詞前，也可位于名詞后。
enough還可以修飾adj/adv，放于其后。 Eg. It’s warm enough in the room.
拓展：enough+（for+sb）+to do sth“足夠...（使...）能做某事”。
Eg. The box is light enough for the boy to carry.
5. Maybe you should join an English club.或許你應該加入英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè )部。（P5）
maybe
adv,“或許；大概”，位于句首，同義詞perhaps、probably。
may be
“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be動(dòng)詞”結構，“可能是”。
Eg. Maybe you are right. You may be right.
6. How can you become a successful learner?你怎樣才能成為一個(gè)成功的學(xué)習者呢？（P6）
learn+er=learner
拓展：動(dòng)詞后加er構成名詞：teach-teacher write-writer sing-singer read-reader work-worker dance-dancer
7. Everyone is born with the ability to learn.每個(gè)人天生具有學(xué)習的能力。（P6）
1）be born“出生；天生”，為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞常用was/were，born是bear是過(guò)去分詞。
Eg. I was born in a small village.
2）ability，不可數名詞，“能力”。常用短語(yǔ)：have the ability to do sth“有做某事的能力”。
Eg. Man has the ability to speak.
8. But whether or not you can do this well depend on your learning habits.但是你是否能學(xué)好取決于你的學(xué)習習慣。（P6）
1）whether or not“是否”，whether引導主語(yǔ)從句，不能與if替換。
Eg. Whether she will come or not is still a problem.
2)depend on“視...而定；取決于；依靠”，后加名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
Eg. We depend on the newspaper for daily news. You may depend on his coming.
9. Creating an interest in what they learn創(chuàng )造對所學(xué)內容的興趣。（P6）
1）create-creative-creation-creature
2）interest此處為名詞，“興趣；愛(ài)好；關(guān)注”，常用短語(yǔ)：take/show an interest in...“對...感興趣；表現出對...的興趣”。
Eg. She shows an interest in music.
10. Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time.研究表明，如果你對某件事感興趣，你的大腦就會(huì )更加活躍，你也更容易長(cháng)時(shí)間關(guān)注它。（P6）
1）active形容詞，“活躍的；積極的”，take an active part in“積極參加”。
Eg. Although he is over 80, he is still very active.
active-activity-actively
2）pay attention to (doing) sth“注意；關(guān)注”
Eg. You’d better pay attention to this word in the English exam last time.
11. Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting.優(yōu)秀的學(xué)習者常常將他們需要學(xué)習的東西與有趣的事情聯(lián)系起來(lái)。（P6）
1）connect...with...“把...和...連接或聯(lián)系起來(lái)”，connect為動(dòng)詞，名詞為connection。
Eg. Please don’t connect this person with that person.
2）need“需要”，后加名詞、代詞、to do或doing。
Eg. I need a lot of money now.
3）something interesting“有趣的動(dòng)詞”，當形容詞修飾不定代詞something、anything、nothing等時(shí)，形容詞放其后。
Eg. There is nothing new in today’s newspaper。
12. Practice and learning from mistakes.聯(lián)系并從錯誤中學(xué)習。（P）
learn from...“向...學(xué)習”
13. Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more.優(yōu)秀的學(xué)習者考慮他們擅長(cháng)什么和需要多練習什么。（P6）
1）think about“考慮”，其后加名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句。
Eg. They are thinking about a serious problem.
2）be good at“擅長(cháng)”，后加名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。相當于do well in“在某方面做得好”。
14. Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it.即使是你學(xué)得好的東西，如果你不使用，就會(huì )忘記。（P6）
1）even if“即使；縱然；盡管”，引導讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，有退一步的意味，相當于even though。
Eg. I’ll help you, even if I must stay up the whole night.
2）forget/remember
辨析：remember/forget to do和remember/forget doing
3）unless“除非；如果不”，引導條件狀語(yǔ)從句，相當于if...not。
Eg. Don’t come unless I call you.
15. Good learners will keep practicing what they have learned.優(yōu)秀的學(xué)習者會(huì )繼續練習他們已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)的知識。（P6）
1）keep （on）doing sth 一直（繼續）做某事。
Eg. He didn’t stop, and he just kept running.
2）keep sb doing sth 讓某人一直做某事。
Eg. I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
16. For example, they may take notes by writing down key words or by drawing mind maps.例如，他們可能通過(guò)寫(xiě)下關(guān)鍵詞或者畫(huà)思維圖來(lái)做筆記。（P6）
1）for example“例如”，往往用逗號隔開(kāi)，可位于句首、句中、句末。
Eg. I know the film star-Zhang Ziyi, for example.
辨析：such as與for example
2）mind后加名詞、或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
Eg. Do you mind giving me a glass of water.
17. They also look for ways to review what they have learned.他們設法復習已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)的知識。（P6）
1）辨析
look for
“尋找”，強調尋找的動(dòng)作和過(guò)程，有目的地找。
練習：I’m _______my pen everywhere, but I can’t_____it.
Read the passage, and _____the answer to this question.
find
“找到；發(fā)現”，找到或發(fā)現具體的動(dòng)詞，或偶然發(fā)現某物，強調結果。
find out
“弄清；查明”，經(jīng)過(guò)困難、曲折調查、詢(xún)問(wèn)或研究等之后弄清楚，明白。
18. Knowledge comes from questioning.知識來(lái)自疑問(wèn)。（P6）
核心考點(diǎn)全突破：
1.（2013重慶）You can improve your English______practicing more.
A.by B.with C.of D.in
2.（2013南京）Linda’s father hates waiting in long lines. I think he’s not very ______.
A.patient B.talented C.popular D.powerful
3.（2013金華）-Tommy, you can never let others know what I have told you today.
-Don’t worry,. I will keep the _____.
A.secret B.money C.address D.grade
4.（2013云南）You don’t have to _____every new word in the dictionary while reading.
A.look for B.look up C.look at D.look after
5.（2013泰安）_____you’re tasted it, you can’t imagine how delicious the dishes are.
A. Because B. Although C. When D. unless
6.（2013揚州）-Mr Li, I can’t understand everything in class.
-Don’t worry. I’ll ____the main points at the end.
A.record B.review C.require D.remember
7.（2013遂寧）He was____tired_____he could not go on walking.
A.too;to B.such;that C.so;that D.not;enough
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：
1.work with sb與某人一起學(xué)習
2.make word cards制作單詞卡片
3.listen to tapes聽(tīng)錄音磁帶
4.ask sb for help向某人求助
5.watch videos看錄像
6.have conversations with sb同某人談話(huà)
7.too...to..太...而不能...
8.give a report作報告
9.at first起初
10.word by word逐詞逐句地
11.the secret to.... ...的秘訣
12.be afraid to do sth害怕做某事
13.fall in love with愛(ài)上...
14.body language肢體語(yǔ)言
15.as well也
16.a piece of cake小菜一碟；很容易的事
17.look up查閱；查找
18.18.so that以便；為了
19.repeat out loud大聲跟讀
20.take notes記筆記
21.sentence pattens句型
22.spoken English英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)
23.make mistakes in在...方面犯錯
24.the ability to do sth做某事的能力
25.depend on視...而定；取決于；依靠
26.pay attention to注意；關(guān)注
27.connect...with... 把...和...連接或聯(lián)系起來(lái)
28.get bored感到厭煩
29.try to do sth盡力做某事
30.be stressed out焦慮不安的
31.be afraid of害怕...
32.each time每當；每次
功能句型：
1.“越...越...”的表達法: The more you read, the faster you’ll be.
2.so...that..引導結果狀語(yǔ)從句：The teacher spoke so quickly that I did not understand her most of the time.
3.so that引導目的狀語(yǔ)從句：I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a better understand of English movies.
4.談?wù)撟鍪路绞剑海?）—How do you learn English? —I learn by studying with a group.
（2）—Do you learn English by reading aloud?
Yes, I do. It helps my pronunciation.
5.whether引導主語(yǔ)從句：But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.
