1.by的用法
(1)．---How do you study for a test? 你如何準備考試？ --- I study by working with friends. 我通過(guò)和朋友一起學(xué)習。
by + doing 通過(guò)……方式，該結構在句作方式狀語(yǔ)，用于回答與方式有關(guān)的____________引導的特殊疑問(wèn)句。
通過(guò)制作單詞卡片by________word________ 通過(guò)讀教材by__________the_______________
通過(guò)聽(tīng)磁帶 by_________to______________ 通過(guò)向老師求助by________the teacher__________help
通過(guò)參與小組學(xué)習by_________ _______a group 通過(guò)看錄像by__________videos
①I(mǎi) study English by ___________(listen) to tapes
②Tom learns Chinese by ____________(watch) Chinese movies.
③ -- ____ did you get there? — By ___ a taxi. A. How; taking B. How ; take C. How; took D. What; taking
④( )[2013·重慶] You can improve your English ________ practicing more. A．by B．with C．of D．in
(2)．構成“by＋交通工具”結構，注意在該短語(yǔ)中，交通工具名詞之前不加冠詞。
by bus 乘公共汽車(chē) by train 乘火車(chē) by ship 乘輪船=by sea by taxi 乘出租 by plane=by air乘飛機
by car 乘汽車(chē) by subway 乘地鐵 by bike騎自行車(chē) 步行 on foot
( )1.I go to school ___ bus every morning. A. in B. on C. at D. by
( )2. Lin Lin often practices English ____ chatting with her American friend. A. in B. by C. for D. with
( )3.I usually go to school ___ bike. but sometimes I go to school ___ foot.
A. with; on B. on; by C. on ; with D. by; on
( )4.【2013漳州中考】— _____________does your brother go to work?— By bike.
A. Where B. Why C. How
2.疑問(wèn)詞how的用法
1)（問(wèn)方式方法）怎樣；如何
①---_______ do you learn English well?---I learn it by using it in my daily life.
②---Can you tell me_______I can get to the nearst post office?
2) 身體怎么樣？ --How are you? ---Fine. Thanks.
3) How +adj 構成的疑問(wèn)詞
How often______ How old_____ How far____ How soon______
How many_______ How much______ How long_____ How tall______
練習: 用How +adj 構成的疑問(wèn)詞填空
1.---_____ will it take you from your school to the library?---About half an hour.
2. ---________is Mr Wang? ---He is forty years old.
3.--- _______ will you come back? ---In a week.
4.--- _______people are there in your family? ---Four.
5.--- ________milk do we need? ---Three bottles.
6.--- _________do you go to see your grandma? ---Once a week.
7.---__________ do you live from school? ---Three miles.
3.watch/read/see/look at “看” 法不同
(1)看電視、看比賽、看表演用watch; watch TV 看電視
(2)看書(shū)、看報、看雜志用read read the book看書(shū)
(3)看電影、看醫生用see see the doctor 看醫生
(4) 看黑板、看地圖用look at look at the blackboard 看黑板
【練】1.______the picture. Can you see the man in the picture? He isn’t ________ the book. He is ______TV.
2.( ) ____ the board , child! Read the words on it after me. A. Look B. Look at C. See D. Watch
4.ask sb for sth向某人要某物 ask sb. for help向某人求助 ask our teacher for advice向老師征求建議
ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 要求某人不要做某事
1).( )[2013·北京] Our teacher often asks us________ questions in groups.
A．discuss B．to discuss C．discussing D．discussed
2).( ) If you have difficulty in learning English, you should ask your teacher or your classmates ___ help.
A. for B. of C. in D. on
3).( ) The young should ___ the old ___ advice at work. A. ask; for B. ask; to C. ask for; / D. asks; /
5.What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?
【解析】用于提建議的句型有：
(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing sth? ….怎么樣？
(2)Why don’t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 為什么不呢？
(3)Let’s do sth.讓我們一起做某事吧。
(4)Shall we/I do sth?我們做…好嗎？
(5)had better do/not do sth 最好做/不做某事
(6) Will/Would you please do sth 請你做…好嗎？
(7) Would you like to do sth? 你想去做某事嗎？
(8)Would you mind doing sth？你介意做某事嗎？
【回答】
(1). 同意對方的建議時(shí)，一般用：
◆ Good idea./ That’s a good idea. 好主意 ◆OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行/太好了
◆ Yes, please ./ I’d love to 是的/ 我愿意 ◆ I agree with you 我同意你的看法
◆ No problem 沒(méi)問(wèn)題 ◆Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 當然可以
◆Yes, I think so 對，我也這樣想
(2).對對方的幫助或要求表示委婉謝絕時(shí)，一般用：
◆ I don’t think so 我認為不是這樣 ◆Sorry, I can’t 對不起，我不能
◆I’d love to, but… ◆ I’m afraid…我愿意，但恐怕……
( ) ① –What about _______(listen) to some English songs? -- It’s great .
( ) ② Why not ___ your teacher for help when you can’t finish _____ it by yourself?
A. ask; write B. to ask; writing C. ask; writing D. asking; write
6. practice v 練習 practice doing sth 練習做某事
【拓展】finish doing sth ，enjoy doing sth , mind doing sth ,
give up doing sth , can’t help doing sth consider doing sth
①We often practice _____________basketball after school.(play)
②This term I enjoy ______________(watch) English movies.
7. pronounce v 發(fā)音 → pronunciation n 發(fā)音
① Please tell me how to __________________(pronunciation) the word.
② What’s the ___________________(pronounce) of the word “text”?
③( ) [2013·安順] My teacher told me “either” has two ______________ (pronounce).
8.have/has ever done sth曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事
1)He has ever eaten Beijing duck.
2)Have you ever studied with a group? Yes, I have. I have learned a lot that way./No,never.
3）你曾經(jīng)吃過(guò)水餃嗎？不，從來(lái)沒(méi)有。
_____you ever________dumplings? No, _______.
9.too+形容詞/副詞+to do sth.太…而不能…
My brother is too young to go to school.
He gets up too late to get to school on time.
so…that…. too…to….. not enough to do
我弟弟年齡太小不能上學(xué)。
My brother is ______ ______ _______he can’t go to school.
My brother is ______ _______ ______ go to school.
My brother______ ______ _______ _______ go to school.
這張桌子太重我搬不動(dòng)。
The table is ______ _______ _______ I can’t carry it.
The table is_______ ________for me______ ________.
The table_____ _____ ________ for me______ ________.
練一練：
( )① They are ____ tired ____on. A. too; to walk B .too; walking C. can’t ;to work D. very ;to walk
( ) ②– This box is ___ heavy for me to carry. Can you help me? —Certainly. A. so B. much C. very D. too
10.聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞：一是(be),一感(feel),一保持(keep)
起來(lái)四個(gè)(sound, look,smell,taste)
似乎(seem)變了仨(get, turn, become)
11. It's too hard to understand spoken English. 要理解英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)真是太難了。
[探究] 本句屬于“It's＋adj. (＋for sb.)＋to do sth.”句式，其中it是________主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是其后的_________________“to understand spoken English”。
[辨析] “It's＋adj. (＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.”句型中用for和of的區別
It's＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.
It's＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.
該句型中的形容詞一般為表示性格，品德，心智能力，或主觀(guān)感情、態(tài)度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice，clever, foolish等。
該句型中的形容詞一般為表示事物的特征、特點(diǎn)或客觀(guān)形式的形容詞，如easy，hard，difficult, interesting，impossible等。
可改為“Sb. is＋adj. to do sth.”結構。
不能改為“Sb. is＋adj. to do sth.”結構。
It's very difficult for him to learn two languages. 對他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門(mén)外語(yǔ)是很難的。
It's very kind of you to help me. 你來(lái)幫助我，你真是太好了。
活學(xué)活用
①( )[2013·雅安] It is important ________ people ________ learn team spirit.
A．of; of B．of; to C．for; to D．to; to
②( )It’s foolish________him to do so. A. for B. of C. to D. with
12.The more you read, the faster you'll be. 你讀得越多，就會(huì )越快。
[探究] 本句是“The＋________…，the＋_____…”的結構，表示“越……越……”，屬于由比較級構成的常見(jiàn)句式。
如：The busier my mother is, the happier she feels. 我媽媽越忙，她就覺(jué)得越開(kāi)心。
活學(xué)活用
( )[2013·咸寧] —The doctor told me not to eat too much, but I find it difficult.
—The doctor is right. ________ you eat, ________ you will be.
A．The less; the healthier B．The less; the more healthier
C．The more; the healthier D．The more; the more healthier
13. I do that sometimes . I think it helps.
【解析】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes
【口訣】：分開(kāi)是一段時(shí)間， 合起是某時(shí)； 分開(kāi)s 是幾倍（次），合起s是有時(shí)
(1) some time一段時(shí)間，做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
I will stay in Beijing for some time. 我要在北京呆一段時(shí)間。
(2) sometime adv 在某個(gè)時(shí)候
I think I will fly to the moon sometime in the future.我認為將來(lái)的某個(gè)時(shí)候我要飛往月球。
(3) some times 名詞詞組，“幾次，幾倍”
Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer. 去年夏天格林先生去了三亞幾次。
(4)sometimes=at times 有時(shí) （一般現在時(shí)的標志詞）
On weekends，sometimes he stays at home, sometimes he goes to the park with his friends.
( ) I hope to visit the USA _____ in the future. A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time
14. voice/noise /sound
(1)voice 多指人說(shuō)話(huà)、唱歌、鳥(niǎo)的叫聲以及樂(lè )器發(fā)出的悅耳的聲音。
(2)noise n → noisy adj. 吵鬧的 指不悅耳的吵鬧聲 如嘈雜聲、噪音等 make a noise制造噪音
(3)sound ①n 泛指人聽(tīng)到的任何聲音。② v 聽(tīng)起來(lái)
【記】There was a loud ________ outside the classroom. The physics teacher had to raise his __________: “ Light travels much faster than __________”.
( ) ① At the foot of Wulian Mountains, you can hear the ____ of running water.
A. sound B. noise C. voice D. silence
( ) ②–Do you like the song You and Me? --Of course. It ____ great.
A. sounds B. looks C. smells
( )③ Oh, my god! The kids are making too much ____ here. I can’t do anything.
A. sound B. voice C. noise D. Footstep
15. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English?
【解析】find → found →found v發(fā)現
(1) find sb. doing sth 發(fā)現某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + （for sb）to do sth 發(fā)現做某事很……(make,think)
( ) She found ___ hard to finish the work by herself. A. that B. it’s C. it D. this
16.But I was afraid to ask questions because my pronunciation was very bad.
(1)be afraid of sth/doing sth 害怕做某事【擔心（出現某種不良后果）】
(2)be afraid to do sth 害怕去做…【“怕” 或 “不敢”去做某事】
(3)be afraid +that 恐怕…【用于禮貌地表達可能令人不愉快的消息】
(4) 回答別人的提問(wèn)時(shí)， 可用省略形式I’m afraid so(not).恐怕（不）是這樣。
【記】The girl was afraid to go across the bridge, for she was afraid of falling down from it.
1.( ) Tina is so shy that she is afraid of ____ in front of a group.
A. to speak B. speak C. speaking D. spoke
2.大多數女孩都害怕蜘蛛。 Most girls are _______ _____spiders.
3.[2013·重慶] ( )—Can I take a seat here, sir? —________ My cousin will be back soon.活學(xué)活用
A．Nothing serious. B．What's up? C．How are you? D．I'm afraid not.
17.But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked up the words in a dictionary
【解析】look up 查找(跟代詞作賓語(yǔ)，代詞放中間)
【拓展】 look after 照顧look like 看起來(lái)像 look out 當心，小心look through 瀏覽 look for 尋找
look forward to 期待 look around 向四周看 look over 檢查
( ) – Can you ___ the time of the next train to Tianjin? -- OK, I’ll ____ right now for you.
A. look up ; look it up B. look it up; look up C. look up ; look at D. look up ; look up it
( )[2013·銅仁] My mother is ill in hospital. I have to ________ my grandparents at home.
A．look out B．look after C．look up D．look at
18.excite→ exciting(令人興奮的)/excited （感到興奮的）
be excited about對…感到興奮
【拓展】
① interest→interesting/interested be interested in 對…感興趣
The students are __________in these ______books.( interest)
② surprise→surprising/surprised be surprise at 對…感到吃驚
They are __________at the ___________news.( surprise)
③ relax →relaxed /relaxing adj. be relaxed about 對……感到放松
④ bore → bored/boring adj. 令人厭煩的
【注】 以—ing結尾的adj. 常用來(lái)作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，修飾物。
以—ed結尾的adj.用來(lái)表示情緒，常做表語(yǔ)，修飾人
①We are _____ about the ________news .(excite)
②—What _____ news! -Yes. We are all _____ about it. A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. exciting; excited
③ This TV show is too ____. I’d rather listen to music. A. fantastic B. exciting C. boring D. interesting.
19. make mistakes犯錯；出錯
[觀(guān)察] I often make mistakes in grammar. 我經(jīng)常在語(yǔ)法方面犯錯。
[探究] make mistakes/make a mistake意為“犯錯；出錯”，表示“在某方面犯錯”要用make mistakes/a mistake ____ sth.。
[拓展] make的常見(jiàn)搭配有：
make a living 謀生； make friends 交朋友； make faces 做鬼臉； make noise 制造噪聲； make the bed 整理床鋪； make money 掙錢(qián)； make a decision 做決定； make progress 取得進(jìn)步； make a wish 許愿。
活學(xué)活用
他在考試中犯了許多錯。He ________ ________ ____________ in the exam.
20.depend on取決于；依靠；依賴(lài)
活學(xué)活用
—Can you go for a picnic as planned? —It ____________ (決定于) the weather.
21.pay attention to關(guān)注；注意
[觀(guān)察] You must pay attention to listening to your teacher in class. 在課堂上你必須注意聽(tīng)老師講課。
[探究] pay attention to表示“關(guān)注；注意”，其后若跟動(dòng)詞，要用__________形式。
活學(xué)活用
根據句意及首字母提示補全單詞：You'd better pay more a___________to the way you speak when having a discussion.
22.connect…with…“把……和……聯(lián)系起來(lái)；把……和……連接起來(lái)”。
[觀(guān)察] Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting.
好的學(xué)習者經(jīng)常把他們需要學(xué)習的東西和有趣的東西聯(lián)系起來(lái)。
23.I don't know how to increase my reading speed. 我不知道如何提高我的閱讀速度。
[探究] 本句中的how to increase my reading speed屬于“特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋________________”的復合結構，在句中作動(dòng)詞know的____語(yǔ)。
[拓展] “特殊疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”的復合結構作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以轉化為賓語(yǔ)從句。
Could you please tell me how to get there? ＝Could you please tell me how I can get there? 你能告訴我怎樣到那嗎？
改為同義句
We want to know how we can study well. = We want to know ______ ____ study well.
I don’t know what I can do next.=I don’t know _____ ______ _____next.
24.I don't have a partner to practice English with. 我沒(méi)有一位可以一起練習英語(yǔ)的搭檔。
[探究] 本句中的to practice English with是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，作后置______語(yǔ)，修飾a partner，注意to practice English with中的介詞________（能/不能）省略。
[拓展] practice后只能跟動(dòng)名詞。practice ________________表示“練習做某事”。
My brother often practices________ (play) chess with my father.
中考鏈接:
1---How do you study Chinese so well? ---________reading plenty of books
A. To B. Of C. At D. By
2. My grandfather has a computer , but he doesn’t know ______ to use it.
A. what B. how C. who D.which
3. --What’s your problem? --I have trouble_____these words in English.
A. talking B. saying C. telling D. speaking
4. Did you find ____very interesting to play yo-yo? A. this B. it’s C. that D. it
5.--I have no idea if he______. --He will go to the cinema if I _______.
A. come; won’t rain B. comes; doesn’t rain
C. will come; doesn’t rain D. comes; aren’t raining
6. _____ exercise you take, _____ you’ll be.
A. The fewer, the fatter B. The less, the fatter C. The less, the more fatter
7.Why______ the language club? A. not join B. don’t join C. not joining D. aren’t you join
8.【2012江蘇蘇州】It was ______ lovely weather ______ we decided to spend the day on the beach.
A. such a；that B. such； that C. such；as D. so；that
9.You don’t have to _______ every new word in the dictionary while reading.
A. look for B. look up C. look at D. look after
10.The heavy snow didn’t__________to the airlines. A. pay attention to B.add to C.make a difference to D.keep to
11. Many children are left alone in the countryside. Let’s try our best_______them.
A.help B. helping C.to help D.helps
12._______careful you are,________mistakes you’ll make.
A.The more, the less B.The fewer, the more C.The less, the less D.The more, the fewer
13.I find _______easy to learn English well. A.this B.it C.that D.they
14.--I don’t know_________. –Because he has to look after his mother.
A.why he is leaving B.why is he leaving C.whether he is leaving D. whether is he leaving
15.The dishes my mother cooks_________delicious. A.taste B.look C.sound D.feel
基礎知識練習
I. 詞形填空
1. Most of us learn English by _________(study) our textbooks.
2. Reading aloud can improve our ___________(speak) skills.
3. Hearing they will see a moving, the students all got ________ (excite).
4. Don’t speak too ________(quick), we can’t catch you.
5. Can you think of the best way ________( solve ) this problem?
6. If you keep________(practice) running every day, you will be a good player.
II. 單項選擇
1.Nobody can learn English well_____you work hard on it.
A. if B. unless C. when D. but
2.I can’t understand_________English.
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. spoke
3.---Would you please tell me_______to chat with pen pals?---Of course . It's very easy.
A. how to use QQ B. what to use QQ C. why to use QQ D. when to use QQ
4.If you don't know the words,__________in the dictionary .
A. look them up B. Look up them B. look at them D. look them at
5.---Will you go to Mathew's birthday party this Saturday? ----No,_______I am invited.
A. when B. Unless C. until D. if
6. ---I find______interesting to fish in the river.---So do I.
A.that B.it C.one D.you
7. My sister has a lot of trouble ______ math.
A．to learn B．learning C．learned D．learns
8. 【2012江蘇徐州】—Why not John a toy car for his birthday?— Good idea! He is crazy about cars.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys
9.Finish your homework, then you’ll_______watch TV for an hour.
A.can B. be able to C.able D.could
10.This movie wasn’t________. He fell asleep half way through it.
A.interesting enough B. enough interesting C.interested enough D. enough interested
11.The rivers will become dirtier and dirtier_________we take action to protect them.
A.since B.if C.until D.unless
12.We have two dogs. One is white,_________is black. A.other B.another C.the other D.others
13.—Could you give me some_______on how to learn English_______? –Sure. Practice makes perfect.
A.advice, good B.suggestions good C.advice, well D.suggestion, well
14.The boys _____ up conversations in English.
A. enjoy makes B. enjoy to make C. enjoy making D. enjoyed make
15.________ it is blowing! I can hardly walk on.
A. What strong B. How strong C. How strongly D. What strongly wind
16. Many students usually make mistakes ______ grammar. A. with B. to C. in D. of
17．I really enjoyed your speech, ______ there were some parts I didn’t quite understand.
A. because B. for C. until D. though
18. —Thanks for listening to my problem and giving me your advise, Amy. — . That’s what friends are for.
A. My pleasure B. With pleasure C. Never mind D. It’s nice of you
III.句型轉換
1. Lorna made great progress in math by getting a tutor. （對劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)）
______ _____ Lorna make great progress in math?
2. Tom seemed to be right. _____ ______ that Tom was right.（改同義句）
3. My friend studies English by listening to tapes.(對劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn))
________ _______ your friend __________English?
4. I make word cards. I learn English words.(合并成一句)
I learn English words _________ _________cards.
5. She finds that it isn’t easy to learn English.(改為同義句)
6. She finds _______ hard________ _______ English.
7.I have ever studied with agroup.(一般疑問(wèn)句)________ _________ever________with a group?
8.The math problem is difficult. I can’t work it out.(改為同義句)
The math problem is________difficult________ I can’t work it out.
= The math problem is________difficult________me________work out.
