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首先說(shuō)些廢話(huà)。
基于Java開(kāi)發(fā)的Web的應用系統的打印問(wèn)題一直困擾著(zhù)我。原因是基于Web的應用是瘦客戶(hù)端應用，邏輯集中在服務(wù)器上，而打印是基于客戶(hù)端的行為。

目前基于Web的精確打印解決方案主要有兩類(lèi)：一是加強客戶(hù)端的邏輯；二是在服務(wù)器端產(chǎn)生適于精確打印的文件。
流行的打印工具中用Applet實(shí)現、用瀏覽器插件實(shí)現或是開(kāi)發(fā)嵌入瀏覽器的客戶(hù)端的方法屬于第一類(lèi)；而在服務(wù)器端產(chǎn)生圖片文件、pdf或ps等

精確打印文件的方法屬于第二類(lèi)。

以上流行的解決方案的比較：

方案 打印效果 瀏覽器依賴(lài) 部署代價(jià) 維護代價(jià)
Applet實(shí)現 頁(yè)面控制困難 需要java plug-in插件 無(wú)需客戶(hù)端部署 客戶(hù)端調整
瀏覽器插件實(shí)現 同本地打印，效果好 依賴(lài)特定類(lèi)型版本的瀏覽器 客戶(hù)端動(dòng)態(tài)部署 客戶(hù)端調整
圖片文件實(shí)現 頁(yè)面控制困難 無(wú) 無(wú) 無(wú)
pdf文件實(shí)現 同本地打印，效果好 需要acroreader插件 無(wú)需客戶(hù)端部署 無(wú)

pdf文件是流行的文件格式，瀏覽器和pdf閱讀器已成為客戶(hù)端必備的安裝內容。對于通用的打印解決方案我認為pdf文件的方式具有更大的靈活性和可用性。

廢話(huà)到此為止，下面就給出一個(gè)servlet通過(guò)模板生成pdf文件的實(shí)現：

我選擇的是報表工具是jfreereport，當然若簡(jiǎn)單的文本可以使用iText直接產(chǎn)生。

1. jfreereport與was5.0.x的集成

was5.0.x依據j2ee 1.3規范，jaxp/dom/sax的版本分別為1.1/2/2，與jfreereport依賴(lài)的gunjaxp.jar中的一致，其他的包也不存在沖突。因此可以將這些

包直接加到Web項目的包目錄/WEB-INF/lib中。
jfreereport的包很多，與讀取模板、生成報表和生成pdf文件相關(guān)的有：
gnujaxp.jar
itext-1.2.2.jar
iTextAsian.jar
jcommon-0.9.7.jar
jfreereport-0.8.4_11-core.jar
jfreereport-0.8.4_11-misc-configstore-base.jar
jfreereport-0.8.4_11-output-pageable-base.jar
jfreereport-0.8.4_11-output-pageable-pdf.jar
jfreereport-0.8.4_11-output-support-itext.jar
jfreereport-0.8.4_11-output-support-pagelayout.jar
jfreereport-0.8.4_11-parser-base.jar
jfreereport-0.8.4_11-parser-ext.jar
pixie-0.8.1.jar

jfreereport中自帶的itext-1.02b.jar版本低，可以替換為新版本，iTextAsian.jar是生成中文所必須的。


2. 編碼和漢字問(wèn)題
由于我的環(huán)境是英文系統(Win2k en version + sp4)加裝中文支持，為了在開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境中支持中文必須使用UTF-8編碼。因此需要對jfreereport中的一些參數進(jìn)行配置。
需要將org\jfree\report\modules\output\support\itext\configuration.properties文件中的org.jfree.report.modules.output.support.itext.Encoding參數設為GBK(或GB18030，請量力而行，我的環(huán)境未安裝GB18030的支持)。
需要將顯示中文的區域的字體和編碼分別設為"STSong-Light"和"UniGB-UCS2-H"。此字體和編碼是生成pdf文件時(shí)顯示中文所必須的，與jfreereport的GUI工具的顯示無(wú)關(guān)。

3. 程序示例
我選用了jfreereport中的Java Look and Feel Graphics Repository的例子，并將部分內容換為中文。以下是直接生成pdf的servlet代碼和我變更的報表模板。

//- GenPDFByJfreereportTemplateServlet.java

package acme.web.servlets;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.jfree.report.Boot;
import org.jfree.report.JFreeReport;
import org.jfree.report.demo.SwingIconsDemoTableModel;
import org.jfree.report.modules.output.pageable.base.PageableReportProcessor;
import org.jfree.report.modules.output.pageable.pdf.PDFOutputTarget;
import org.jfree.report.modules.parser.base.ReportGenerator;
import org.jfree.report.util.Log;
import org.jfree.report.util.ReportConfiguration;
import org.jfree.xml.ElementDefinitionException;

/**
 * @version    1.0
 * @author    Lee S
 */
public class GenPDFByJfreereportTemplateServlet extends HttpServlet implements Servlet
{
   /**
   * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#void (javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
   */
   public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
      throws ServletException, IOException
   {
      resp.setContentType("application/pdf");

      ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
      
      try
      {
         // initialize JFreeReport
         Boot.start();

         ReportConfiguration.getGlobalConfig().setLogLevel("Error");
         // update the log system to use the new settings ...
         Log.getJFreeReportLog().init();

         final URL in = 
            getClass().getResource("/acme/web/resources/swing-icons.xml");

         if (in == null)
         {
            throw new Exception("swing-icons.xml can‘t be found.");
         }

         final JFreeReport report = parseReport(in);
         report.setData(new SwingIconsDemoTableModel());

         PDFOutputTarget target = 
            new PDFOutputTarget(out, report.getDefaultPageFormat());
         target.configure(report.getReportConfiguration());
         
         target.open();
         PageableReportProcessor proc = new PageableReportProcessor(report);
         proc.setOutputTarget(target);
         proc.processReport();
         target.close();


      }
      catch (Exception ex)
      {
         System.err.println("Generate PDF failed: " + ex);
      }
      finally
      {
         try
         {
            out.close();
         }
         catch (Exception e)
         {
            System.err.println("Output PDF failed: " + e);
         }
      }

   }

   /**
   * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#void (javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
   */
   public void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
      throws ServletException, IOException
   {
      doGet(req, resp);
   }


   /**
    * Reads the report from the swing-icons.xml report template.
    *
    * @param templateURL The template location.
    *
    * @return A report.
    * @throws ElementDefinitionException if the report generator encountered an error.
    * @throws IOException if there was an IO error while reading from the URL.
    */
   private JFreeReport parseReport(final URL templateURL)
       throws IOException, ElementDefinitionException
   {
     final ReportGenerator generator = ReportGenerator.getInstance();
     return generator.parseReport(templateURL);
   }


}

//- swing-icons.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE report-definition
   PUBLIC "-//JFreeReport//DTD report definition//EN//extended"
          "http://jfreereport.sourceforge.net/extreport.dtd">

<!-- ***************************************************************** -->
<!-- *  Swing-Icons.XML                                              * -->
<!-- *  A sample report definition used as an introduction to        * -->
<!-- *  JFreeReport.                                                 * -->
<!-- ***************************************************************** -->

<report-definition name="First Report">

  <!-- ************************ -->
  <!-- * PARSER CONFIGURATION * -->
  <!-- ************************ -->
  <parser-config>
    <object-factory class="org.jfree.report.modules.parser.ext.factory.objects.DefaultClassFactory"/>
    <element-factory class="org.jfree.report.modules.parser.ext.factory.elements.DefaultElementFactory"/>
    <stylekey-factory class="org.jfree.report.modules.parser.ext.factory.stylekey.DefaultStyleKeyFactory"/>
    <stylekey-factory class="org.jfree.report.modules.parser.ext.factory.stylekey.PageableLayoutStyleKeyFactory"/>
    <template-factory class="org.jfree.report.modules.parser.ext.factory.templates.DefaultTemplateCollection"/>
    <datasource-factory class="org.jfree.report.modules.parser.ext.factory.datasource.DefaultDataSourceFactory"/>
  </parser-config>

  <!-- ************************ -->
  <!-- * REPORT CONFIGURATION * -->
  <!-- ************************ -->
  <report-config>
    <defaultpageformat orientation="portrait"
      pageformat="LETTER"
      topmargin="72"
      bottommargin="72"
      leftmargin="72"
      rightmargin="72"/>
  </report-config>

  <!-- ********** -->
  <!-- * STYLES * -->
  <!-- ********** -->
  <styles>
    <style name="medium-line">
      <compound-key name="min-size">
        <basic-object name="height">0.0</basic-object>
        <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
      </compound-key>
      <basic-key name="paint">black</basic-key>
      <basic-key name="stroke" class="java.awt.BasicStroke">0.5</basic-key>
      <basic-key name="draw-shape">true</basic-key>
      <basic-key name="scale">true</basic-key>
    </style>

    <style name="background-rectangle">
      <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
        <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
        <basic-object name="y">0.0</basic-object>
      </compound-key>
      <compound-key name="min-size">
        <basic-object name="height">-100.0</basic-object>
        <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
      </compound-key>
      <basic-key name="fill-shape">true</basic-key>
      <basic-key name="scale">true</basic-key>
    </style>
  </styles>

  <!-- ********************** -->
  <!-- * REPORT DESCRIPTION * -->
  <!-- ********************** -->
  <report-description>

    <!-- ================= -->
    <!-- = REPORT HEADER = -->
    <!-- ================= -->
    <report-header name="report-header-band">
      <style>
        <compound-key name="min-size">
          <basic-object name="height">112.0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
        </compound-key>
      </style>

      <default-style>
        <basic-key name="font">SansSerif</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-size">10</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
      </default-style>

      <element name="title1" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">2.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">18.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">center</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="font-size">18</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="font-bold">true</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">Java Look and Feel Graphics Repository</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element name="description1" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">32.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">10.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
        </style>

        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">This report lists the icons contained in the Java Look and Feel Graphics Repository.</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element name="description2" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">44.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">10.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
        </style>
        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">For more information about the repository, refer to:</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element name="url1" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">68.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">10.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">center</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="font">Monospaced</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/techDocs/hi/repository/</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element name="description3" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">92.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">10.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
        </style>
        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">The design of this report is described in the JFreeReport PDF documentation.</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

    </report-header>

    <!-- ================= -->
    <!-- = REPORT FOOTER = -->
    <!-- ================= -->
    <report-footer name="report-footer-band">

      <style>
        <compound-key name="min-size">
          <basic-object name="height">30.0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
        </compound-key>
      </style>

      <default-style>
        <basic-key name="font">SansSerif</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-size">12</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-bold">true</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
      </default-style>

      <element name="rect1" type="shape/generic">
        <style>
          <extends name="background-rectangle"/>
          <basic-key name="paint">#ccffcc</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="rectangle"/>
      </element>

      <element type="shape/generic">
        <style>
          <extends name="medium-line"/>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">0.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
        </style>
        <template references="horizontal-line"/>
      </element>

      <element type="shape/generic">
        <style>
          <extends name="medium-line"/>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">30.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
        </style>
        <template references="horizontal-line"/>
      </element>

      <element name="reportTotalLabel" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">10.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">12.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-50.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">left</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">REPORT TOTAL:</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element name="reportCountField" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">-50.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">10.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-30.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">center</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="number-field">
          <basic-object name="field">OverallCount</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="format">#0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element name="reportSumField" type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">-80.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">10.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-20.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">right</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="number-field">
          <basic-object name="field">OverallSum</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="format">#,##0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>
    </report-footer>

    <!-- =============== -->
    <!-- = PAGE HEADER = -->
    <!-- =============== -->
    <page-header>

      <style>
        <compound-key name="min-size">
          <basic-object name="height">18.0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
        </compound-key>
        <basic-key name="display-on-firstpage">false</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="display-on-lastpage">true</basic-key>
      </style>

      <default-style>
        <basic-key name="font-bold">true</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font">SansSerif</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-italic">false</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="paint">black</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
      </default-style>

      <element type="shape/generic">
        <style>
          <extends name="background-rectangle"/>
          <basic-key name="paint">#afafaf</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="rectangle"/>
      </element>

      <element type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">0.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">14.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-50.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">left</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="label">
          <basic-object name="content">Java Look and Feel Graphics Repository</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">-80.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">0.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">14.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-20.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">right</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="date-field">
          <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="format">d-MMM-yyyy</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="field">report.date</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <element type="shape/generic">
        <style>
          <extends name="medium-line"/>
          <basic-key name="stroke" class="java.awt.BasicStroke">2.0</basic-key>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">16.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="paint">#cfcfcf</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="horizontal-line"/>
      </element>
    </page-header>

    <!-- =============== -->
    <!-- = PAGE FOOTER = -->
    <!-- =============== -->
    <page-footer>

      <style>
        <basic-key name="display-on-lastpage">true</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="display-on-firstpage">true</basic-key>
        <compound-key name="min-size">
          <basic-object name="height">14.0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
        </compound-key>
      </style>

      <default-style>
        <basic-key name="font-bold">false</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font">SansSerif</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-italic">false</basic-key>
      </default-style>

      <element type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">3.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-100.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">center</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="number-field">
          <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="format">Page #0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="field">PageNumber</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

    </page-footer>

    <!-- ========== -->
    <!-- = GROUPS = -->
    <!-- ========== -->
    <groups>

      <!-- category group -->
      <group name="Category">
        <fields>
          <field>Category</field>
        </fields>

        <group-header>
          <style>
            <compound-key name="min-size">
              <basic-object name="height">30.0</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
            </compound-key>
          </style>

          <default-style>
<!-- use such font name & encoding for displaying chinese -->
            <basic-key name="font">STSong-Light</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-encoding">UniGB-UCS2-H</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-size">12</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-bold">true</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-italic">false</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="paint">black</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="alignment">left</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
          </default-style>

          <element type="shape/generic">
            <style>
              <extends name="background-rectangle"/>
              <basic-key name="paint">#ccccff</basic-key>
            </style>
            <template references="rectangle"/>
          </element>

          <element type="shape/generic">
            <style>
              <extends name="medium-line"/>
              <basic-key name="paint">black</basic-key>
            </style>
            <template references="horizontal-line"/>
          </element>

          <element type="shape/generic">
            <style>
              <extends name="medium-line"/>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">30.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <basic-key name="paint">black</basic-key>
            </style>
            <template references="horizontal-line"/>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">3.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">12.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">92.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
            </style>
            <template references="label">
              <basic-object name="content">分類(lèi):</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">96.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">3.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">12.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">120.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
            </style>
            <template references="string-field">
              <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="field">Category</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <basic-key name="font-size">8</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-bold">false</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-italic">true</basic-key>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">20.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">-50.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
            </style>
            <template references="label">
              <basic-object name="content">名稱(chēng):</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <basic-key name="font-size">8</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-bold">false</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-italic">true</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="paint">black</basic-key>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">-50.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">20.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">-30.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
            </style>
            <template references="label">
              <basic-object name="content">圖標:</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <basic-key name="font-size">8</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-bold">false</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-italic">true</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="alignment">right</basic-key>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">-80.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">20.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">-20.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
            </style>
            <template references="label">
              <basic-object name="content">文件大小:</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>
        </group-header>

        <group-footer>
          <style>
            <compound-key name="min-size">
              <basic-object name="height">30.0</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
            </compound-key>
            <basic-key name="pagebreak-before">false</basic-key>
          </style>
          <default-style>
            <basic-key name="font">SansSerif</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-size">11</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-bold">true</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="font-italic">false</basic-key>
            <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
          </default-style>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">5.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">11.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">100.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <basic-key name="alignment">left</basic-key>
            </style>
            <template references="label">
              <basic-object name="content">Group Total:</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">-50.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">5.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">-30.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <basic-key name="alignment">center</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
            </style>
            <template references="number-field">
              <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="format">#0</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="field">GroupCount</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>

          <element type="text/plain">
            <style>
              <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
                <basic-object name="x">-80.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="y">5.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <compound-key name="min-size">
                <basic-object name="height">9.0</basic-object>
                <basic-object name="width">-20.0</basic-object>
              </compound-key>
              <basic-key name="font-size">9</basic-key>
              <basic-key name="alignment">right</basic-key>
            </style>
            <template references="number-field">
              <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="format">#,##0</basic-object>
              <basic-object name="field">GroupSum</basic-object>
            </template>
          </element>
        </group-footer>
      </group>
    </groups>

    <!-- ============= -->
    <!-- = ITEM BAND = -->
    <!-- ============= -->
    <itemband>

      <style>
        <compound-key name="min-size">
          <basic-object name="height">26.0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="width">0.0</basic-object>
        </compound-key>
      </style>

      <default-style>
        <basic-key name="font">STSong-Light</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-encoding">UniGB-UCS2-H</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="font-size">10</basic-key>
        <basic-key name="valignment">bottom</basic-key>
      </default-style>

      <element type="shape/generic">
        <style>
          <extends name="medium-line"/>
          <basic-key name="stroke" class="java.awt.BasicStroke">0.1</basic-key>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">25.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="paint">#dfdfdf</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="horizontal-line"/>
      </element>

      <!-- element to display the name from the TableModel -->
      <element type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">0.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">8.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">10.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-50.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">left</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="string-field">
          <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="field">Name</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <!-- element to display icon from the TableModel -->
      <element type="image/generic">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">-50.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">1.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">24.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-30.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">center</basic-key>
          <basic-key name="valignment">middle</basic-key> 
        </style>
        <template references="image-field">
          <basic-object name="field">Icon</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>

      <!-- element to display the file size from the TableModel -->
      <element type="text/plain">
        <style>
          <compound-key name="absolute_pos">
            <basic-object name="x">-80.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="y">8.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <compound-key name="min-size">
            <basic-object name="height">10.0</basic-object>
            <basic-object name="width">-20.0</basic-object>
          </compound-key>
          <basic-key name="alignment">right</basic-key>
        </style>
        <template references="number-field">
          <basic-object name="nullValue">-</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="format">#,##0</basic-object>
          <basic-object name="field">Size</basic-object>
        </template>
      </element>
    </itemband>
  </report-description>

  <!-- ************* -->
  <!-- * FUNCTIONS * -->
  <!-- ************* -->
  <functions>
    <property-ref name="report.date"/>

    <function name="PageNumber" class="org.jfree.report.function.PageFunction"/>
    <function name="GroupCount" class="org.jfree.report.function.ItemCountFunction">
      <properties>
        <property name="field">Name</property>
        <property name="group">Category</property>
      </properties>
    </function>

    <function name="GroupSum" class="org.jfree.report.function.ItemSumFunction">
      <properties>
        <property name="field">Size</property>
        <property name="group">Category</property>
      </properties>
    </function>

    <function name="OverallCount" class="org.jfree.report.function.ItemCountFunction">
      <properties>
        <property name="field">Name</property>
      </properties>
    </function>

    <function name="OverallSum" class="org.jfree.report.function.ItemSumFunction">
      <properties>
        <property name="field">Size</property>
      </properties>
    </function>
  </functions>

</report-definition>

4. 總結
這是自認為目前最佳的Web應用的打印解決方案，雖然僅使用jfreereport產(chǎn)生pdf文件的功能，但是jfreereport提供的頁(yè)面自動(dòng)布置的功能使產(chǎn)生報表的工作較之使用iText直接產(chǎn)生要方便許多。以上的例子理論上可以在任何的符合j2ee 1.3規范(或部分符合，如tomcat 4.x)的應用服務(wù)器上運行，我僅僅在was 5.0.x上進(jìn)行了測試。僅供大家參考。

參考
JFreeReport 0.8.3 Reference Guide - http://www.object-refinery.com/ jfreereport/jfreereport-0.8.3-A4.pdf
用Java實(shí)現PDF報表 - http://blog.csdn.net/legendinfo/articles/176184.aspx